Florence Nightingale (F1820 ~1910) is an Englishman. Born in Florence, Italy, he has a well-off family, received higher education, read many literary classics, is familiar with history, philosophy, mathematics and religion, is good at music and painting, and is proficient in English, French, German and Italian. When I was young, I gradually became interested in nursing because I often helped my father's old friend (a doctor) to care for patients carefully. She visited hospitals and charities in Germany, France, Greece and other places, which enriched her reading ability and strengthened her determination to engage in nursing. She taught herself nursing knowledge and actively participated in the discussion of social welfare, children's education and improving hospital facilities by the Medical Association. 1850, went to Germany to study nursing at the age of 30, and went to Paris to study nursing organization at the age of 33. After returning to China, he served as the director of nursing in a hospital in London. August 1853, 12 With the support of charity committee, Florence Nightingale set up a nursing home atNo. Harley Street 1 in London and began to show her ambition. She took many measures, which surprised people at that time. If the patient is asked to ring the bell and a winch is set in the kitchen to deliver food to the patient, she emphasizes that "any woman, regardless of her faith or wealth, can accommodate her illness …" She shows extraordinary ability in her work and everyone listens to her.
1853, the Crimean war broke out between Britain, France and Russia. At the beginning of the war, the medical conditions of the British army were very poor. The death rate of the wounded is as high as 42%. When these facts were disclosed by the media, they caused an uproar in China. At the request of the British government, Nightingale led 38 nurses to the front. With her ideals and ambitions, she developed the modern nursing career on her own in the front line. It was a very difficult challenge for a 35-year-old woman at that time. At that time, female nurses called "Srsters" appeared in advanced European countries, but due to religious and social prejudice, Britain has always opposed the emergence of female nurses in hospitals, especially field hospitals. So there was no female nurse service in the army in the past. Nightingale fully demonstrated her talents in all aspects at the front. She used her position and prestige to break through the obstacles of the military authorities. I took out my own 30,000 pounds to buy medicines and medical equipment for the hospital, reorganized the hospital, established and improved the living environment and nutritional conditions of the wounded, and reorganized the operating room, canteen and laboratory, which quickly changed the face of the battlefield hospital. The field hospital, which can only accommodate 1700 wounded, received 3000 ~ 4000 wounded after her arrangement. Here, her management and organization can be brought into full play. Six months later, great changes have taken place in field hospitals, and the death rate of the wounded has dropped rapidly from 42% to 2%. This miraculous and obvious nursing effect shocked the whole country, changed the evaluation of nurses in the British ruling and opposition, and improved the status of women. Since then, nursing has attracted social attention. The importance of nursing work is also recognized by people. At the same time, it also opened up and created a lofty cause for women. Nightingale made great efforts to this end, and she established a nurse patrol system. Every night, she always carries lanterns to patrol the ward, and the distance of one night patrol is more than 7 kilometers. Nightingale worked more than 20 hours a day, and overwork made her suffer from lifelong illness. After many soldiers returned to England, Nightingale's achievements in field hospitals were compiled into pamphlets, and countless poems were circulated everywhere. There is a poem that is still recited when British soldiers meet again 50 years later. In the poem, Florence Nightingale is called "the protector and patron saint of the injured". She has no selfish interests and a pure heart. Miss Nightingale is God's greatest blessing to us.
Marx and Nightingale, revolutionary instructors, were contemporaries. He admired nightingale's courage and dedication and was moved by it. He wrote two enthusiastic newsletters, which were published in German New Ode and American new york Tribune respectively, and let the world know this great woman. Florence nightingale's great contributions are as follows: First, she founded the first formal nursing school in the world. Florence nightingale left the front line after the war of 1856+0 1. After returning home, she had no time to take care of her tired and weak body, and immediately set out to write a book and devoted herself to the intense work of running a nursing school. Her works and more than 65,438+000 papers have been regarded as important contributions to nursing education and hospital management for many years.
1On June 24th, 860, she used the huge sum of money donated by people from all walks of life in Britain as the "Nightingale Fund" and established the "Nightingale Nurse Training School" at St Thomas Hospital in London. St Thomas Hospital was established in 12 13, and enjoys a long-standing reputation in Britain. The difference between this hospital and other hospitals is that it has never been controlled by religion. This school, regarded by later generations as the first formal nursing school in the world, aims at taking nursing as a scientific profession and testing a new non-religious school. She made clear regulations on school management, student selection, curriculum arrangement, practice and performance evaluation, formally established a nursing education system, and created a great cause of modern nursing specialty. This is an unprecedented contribution to all mankind. Because of this, she should be praised as a pioneer of nursing career by future generations. She deeply felt that it was extremely difficult to train nursing talents, so she formulated two principles: first, nurses should not just do "scrubbing" work; Secondly, don't be a head nurse and teach others unless you are trained.
Nightingale's plan and basic principle for the school are: "Nurses must receive technical training in specially organized hospitals, and nurses must live in school dormitories that adapt to improving morality and observing discipline." She drafted the "Daily Report of Students' Conduct and Academic Achievements". 187 1 year, the new building of St. Thomas hospital was completed, and the nightingale nursing school was also expanded. She advocates that schools should become nurses' homes and training places for morality, religion and practice. All the students live on campus, with nuns as housekeepers, encouraging them to read books, attend Bible classes and listen to music to cultivate their interests. She wants her students to be absolutely loyal and enthusiastic, diligent and ethical to professional nursing. There are 15 students in the first class of this school. By 1890, after more than 30 years of nursing education, 1005 students have been trained. Most excellent students are employed by hospitals in Britain, America and Asia to set up nursing schools.
Nightingale's students are all over the major hospitals in Britain, far away from Britain. At the same time, nightingale-style nursing schools have been established in Europe and America. The curriculum and organization management of "Nightingale Nurse Training School" has become a model for many nursing schools in Eurasia. With the increase of trained nurses, the nursing career has developed rapidly, which is called the Nightingale era internationally. Before nightingale's nursing reform, nursing work was regarded as a lowly occupation, which was not respected by people and the salary was very low. She cooks three meals a day alone in the ward. At that time, the image of British nurses was a vulgar and conservative woman, ignorant, dirty, drunk and rude. She is notorious in the hospital and can't perform any medical tasks, but her status is only slightly higher than that of a domestic nanny. At that time, most of the wards in the hospital were a large unified room, with beds closely connected and messy. The walls and floors are covered with blood and stains, and the smell is unpleasant. This bad phenomenon is almost the same everywhere.
The significance of Nightingale's nursing training is to let the whole society know that nursing work is a kind of "technology" and raise it to the status of "specialized occupation", so Nightingale is called "the founder of modern nursing work", which is the natural result of nurses' superior moral character, improved social status and increased salary. There are three main ways for nightingale to accomplish and improve these tasks, namely, setting an example, writing books, preaching and practicing in person.