The ancient city of Songpan is 2850 meters above sea level. The ancient city of Songpan is located in Songpan County, where the landform is obviously different from east to west, mainly in Zhongshan, with obvious topographic relief and large height difference. The lowest elevation of Lengzikou in Baiyang Township is1080m, the highest elevation of Xuebaoding, the main peak of Minshan Mountain, is 5588m, and the county seat is 2850m.

The ancient city of Songpan is divided into two cities, with the inner city spanning mountains and slightly triangular along the mountain. The valley under Chongshan Mountain in the east is rectangular, and the outer city is adjacent to the valley dam in the south of the inner city. There are gates connected with the inner city, and the plane is rectangular.

Songpan Ancient City Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty, with a height of10m, a width of 30m and a length of 6200m. It is the site of the ancient city wall of China Muqu. Located in the east, south and north of the city, the top of the three doors are all half-moon-shaped, and the stone base of the door is carved with various unique reliefs, which are antique and still retain ancient charm.

Due to the complex terrain and the disparity in altitude, the climate in Songpan has obvious characteristics of changing according to river basins, with diverse microclimates and frequent disastrous weather activities. Most areas are cold and humid, with long winter and no summer, and spring and autumn are connected, and the season is unknown.