Mao Yisheng was studious and enterprising since childhood, and was good at independent thinking. When he was 10 years old, a dragon boat race was held in his hometown during the Dragon Boat Festival. All the people watching the game stood on Wende Bridge. Because there were too many people, the bridge collapsed and killed many people. This unfortunate incident weighed heavily on Mao Yisheng's mind. He secretly made up his mind that when he grew up, he must build the strongest bridge. From then on, whenever Mao Yisheng saw a bridge, whether it was a stone bridge or a wooden bridge, he always saw enough from the deck to the bridge column. After Mao Yisheng went to school, he saw articles and paragraphs about bridges from books, so he copied them in his notebook. When he saw pictures about the bridge, he cut them out and pasted them on. After a long time, he accumulated several thick notebooks.
After graduating from high school, Mao Yisheng was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Tangshan Institute of Technology. After graduating from Tangshan Road Mine 19 16, she was sent to the United States with the first place and became a graduate student. He went to Cornell University in September. Who knows that the director of the school's registration office proudly said: "Tangshan, China has never heard of this school, and you must pass the exam to register." . After the examination, Mao Yisheng got excellent grades, so he applied for the postgraduate of bridge major. Since then, the graduates of Tangshan Road and Mine School have been sent to Cornell University for postgraduate study, and they are no longer allowed to pass the exam. Mao Yisheng received his master's degree from Cornell University Graduate School on 19 17 and his doctor's degree in engineering from Gary Leakey Institute of Technology on 19 19. The title of the doctoral thesis is "Secondary Stress of Bridge Mechanics", which was first-class in the world at that time, so it won the gold medal for scientific research awarded by Gariji Institute of Technology. 19 19 12, 24-year-old Mao Yisheng resolutely returned to China and became a professor at Tangshan College of Jiaotong University. Mao Yisheng said: "Looking back on my study and life, this 14 year effort is like building a bridge, which has built a solid pier for my life." After returning to China, Mao Yisheng successively served as a professor of Tangshan Institute of Technology, a professor and director of engineering at Nanjing Southeast University, the president of Hohai University of Technology, the president and professor of Tianjin Beiyang Institute of Technology, the director of Jiangsu Water Resources Bureau, the general manager and chief engineer of China Bridge Corporation of the Ministry of Communications, and the president of Northern Jiaotong University.
1933 to 1937, Mao Yisheng was the director of Qiantang river bridge engineering department, and presided over the construction of the first modern bridge with both highway and railway functions in China-"Qiantang river bridge". He solved the technical problems in bridge construction by "water injection method", "caisson method" and "floating method". Since then, Mao Yisheng has traveled all over the country, and his name has remained all over the country with the newly-built bridge. After five years' efforts, Mao Yisheng finally built the modern Qiantang River Bridge.
From 1955 to 1957, Mao Yisheng was the chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and he accepted the task of building the first Yangtze River Bridge in China. 1September 1955, the bridge was officially started and completed on September 25, 1957, two years ahead of schedule. 19571June15th, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic. This bridge, designed by Mao Yisheng, is a double-deck steel truss bridge for railway and highway. The upper floor is a highway bridge with a width of 22.5 meters, of which the roadway width is 18 meters; The lower floor is a railway bridge with a width of 18m. The length of the main bridge is1155.5m, and the total length is1670.4m together with the highway approach bridges at both ends. The bridge connects Jing-Han Railway and Yue-Han Railway, becoming the traffic artery running through the north and south of China, connecting the three towns of Wuhan into a whole, and ensuring the integration of the north-south railway and highway network in China.
When the Great Hall of the People was built in Beijing from 65438 to 0958, Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out: "Mao Yisheng needs to sign the guarantee." The Party and the country have great trust in Mao Yisheng, and Mao Yisheng is extremely responsible for the Party's work. He made a comprehensive review and accounting of the structural design of the Great Hall of the People, and finally signed it.
Mao Yisheng studied, built and wrote bridges all his life. Published more than 200 articles in Chinese and foreign newspapers and periodicals. He presided over the compilation of "Technical History of Ancient Bridges in China" and "Bridges in China-From Ancient Times to the Present" (in Japanese, English, French, German and Spanish). He is the author of Qiantang River Bridge, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Selected Works of Popular Science in Mao Yisheng (I and II) and Mao Yisheng's Works.
Since 1954, he has been elected as a member of the first to fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). 1987 10, gloriously joined China. He has made outstanding contributions to the bridge construction in China and the world. 1989165438+10/2 died.
On the Creation of Chinese Stone Arch Bridge (Mao Yisheng)
The article "Stone Arch Bridge in China" is a short article published in People's Daily by 1962, which was later selected as a junior middle school Chinese textbook and has been in use ever since.
In recent years, many middle school teachers have written or visited me to reflect some situations of classroom teaching. Professor Ye Cangcen, an educator, also asked me for advice on preparing lessons for this course four times. Some of the answers I gave are reproduced in publications related to Chinese teaching. Nowadays, Chinese textbooks contain articles from all sides, and their knowledge is extremely broad. From the young and middle-aged teachers I contacted, I deeply felt that their research on each model essay was serious and meticulous. I was deeply moved by this spirit. Recently, the comrades of Zhengzhou Teaching Communication Editorial Department intend to publish a book "Writers Talk about Middle School Chinese Texts", asking me to talk about the creative process. I don't deserve the title of writer, but because of the above situation, it is beneficial to take this opportunity to recall the conceptual activities when writing this article, if it helps the teaching effect required by the majority of Chinese teachers.
First of all, this article is about the stone arch bridge in China. Stone arch bridge is one of the three basic types of traditional bridges in China. Stone arch bridge system is diverse. The two bridges written in this paper are outstanding representative works among millions of stone arch bridges. For thousands of years, stone arch bridges have spread all over the country. With the development of economy and culture, they have made rapid progress. They are an integral part of China's splendid ancient culture and have won honor for the motherland in the world. Up to now, a large number of ancient bridges are well preserved, which can be said to be the historical testimony of the exquisite skills of bridge builders in past dynasties, and also show the wisdom and strength of the working people in China. An ancient bridge can stand the test of natural disasters and wars and has not been broken for thousands of years. It is a miracle that it has not only been preserved as a monument, but also maintained its inherent functions. Of course, it is also due to the hard repair of the past dynasties, and this repair activity often comes from the folk's love and protection of the bridge. There are many stories about this social fashion in the history of Chinese bridges, which is worth telling. China is regarded as an ancient country with many bridges. This historical concept and quantitative concept, as well as a fairly intuitive impression, are all aspects of knowledge that need to be involved in understanding Chinese stone arch bridges. If these vivid historical facts are removed, not only is the connotation empty, but what can one or two isolated bodies tell us?
Secondly, the stone arch bridge appeared late in the history of bridge development in China, but once it appeared, it developed rapidly. Even after modern railway and highway bridge engineering technology was introduced to China in 1880, it still maintained its vigorous vitality and made greater development through the combination of modern engineering theory and new building materials. The two bridges introduced in this paper have been in Zhao Zhouqiao for 1400 years, and Lugou Bridge has stood on the turbulent Yongding River for nearly 700 years. Both of them are majestic and solid, and they still maintain their original style, which can be used by heavy vehicles. It is rare in stone bridges at home and abroad. Zhao Zhouqiao's open-shouldered creation was seven centuries earlier than that of the West. The reason why it can last for a long time shows that the design and construction are scientific. Another example is the shallow foundation and short abutment in Zhao Zhouqiao. Many modern engineers are amazed because it survived many earthquakes and floods, which is no accident. Zhang Tang Jia Zhen said in the preface of Stone Bridge: "This is strange, and people don't know why." This evaluation is almost the same as that of engineering scholars in the 20th century, and it is highly skilled, which can be seen here. In a large number of historical facts, the technical achievements of ancient stone arch bridge "saving materials, skillful structure and high strength" are summarized, which is the consistent goal pursued by bridges and any buildings at home and abroad. At the beginning of the 6th century, China's skillful craftsmen displayed their intelligence and made bold innovations, and their brilliant achievements were worthy of pride.
Thirdly, bridging the bridge across the water, the beauty of artistic conception, the beauty of carving and decoration, and the diversity of styles are also the national traditions that embody China's aesthetic standards. No matter the size of the building, the technology should be improved, just like painting, there can be no failure. Since the prevalence of grotto statues, ancient masons have had a set of superb skills and a certain level of artistic design. The railings in Zhao Zhouqiao and the stone lions in Lugou Bridge are both famous for their artistic treasures, which is also a desirable tradition of Chinese stone arch bridges and has a far-reaching influence on the decoration of modern stone arch bridges.
The stone arch bridge in China has made some achievements in ancient times, and it still has development prospects today. What used to be useful is still working today. Therefore, it is a precious heritage, showing the industriousness, courage and outstanding talents of the working people in our country. We will certainly make greater achievements in the cause of modern bridges.