Dr. monk. The common name is Chunyu, and he is from Guangling Jiangyang (now Jiangdu, Jiangsu). When I was fourteen, I worked as a novice monk in Dayun Temple, where I studied Buddhism with a monk. Later, I went to Chang 'an to be disciplined by Master Hongjing for three years, and then returned to Yangzhou, where I was well informed. Japanese monks Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to China to study Buddhism and urged Jian Zhen to preach in Japan. Jian Zhen readily agreed, and overcame various difficulties and succeeded six times. In the 12th year of Tianbao (753), he arrived in Japan with Buddhist scriptures, tools and images. At this time, Jian Zhen was blind, but he still tried to popularize Buddhism, spread China culture and impart medical knowledge with his rich experience, especially the spices and medicines he brought. So far, Zhao Ti Temple in Nara and Zhengcang Hospital in Todasi Temple still have their remains. Try to cure the diseases of the Queen of Light and Emperor Shengwu (see Tiantai Linderah). Japan once awarded the titles of "Big Monk Capital" and "Big Monk", and the Japanese people praised him as "Master Crossing the Sea". His works include blade master's Secret Recipe, but it has not been circulated. /kloc-was accepted as a novice monk by Zhiman at the age of 0/4 and lived in Dayun Temple. In the first year of Shenlong (705), Lawyer Yi was consecrated by Bodhisattva. In the first year of Jinglong (707), he traveled to Luoyang and then to Chang 'an. The following year, in the actual temple of Chang 'an, lawyer Yi Hengjing received a foot ring. Tour two Beijing, learn Sanzang. For the collection of laws, I have achieved a lot. Tao An and Heng Jing, who were ordained for him, are both temporary virtues of the law and re-disciples of the founder of Nanshan School. Although he studied under the Nanshan School, he has no opinion at all. In the Tang Dynasty, besides the dominant Nanshan School, there were Xiangbu School of Sunlight Temple in Xiangzhou and Huai Su East Tower School of West Taiyuan Temple in Jian Zhen.

When the foot is three. Since then, the latter two cases have been included in the legal classics brought by Jian Zhen's eastward crossing to Japan. In the teaching process, three books, Si Lu Fen Shu by Mana, Shi Zong Yi Ji by Ding Bin and Making Money by Dao Xuan, are the main ones, and two books by Mana and Ding Bin are emphatically introduced. He also made great achievements in Buddhist architecture and sculpture. According to "Journey to the West by the Tang River", Jian Zhen returned to Huainan to give a lecture. Every time between lectures, temples are built and countless statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva are made. In medicine, Boda is versatile and has excellent taste. He once presided over the Sada Hospital of Dayun Temple, treated patients and saved lives, personally prepared medicines for patients, and his medical skills were very high. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Japanese monks Rong Rui and Zhao Pu were entrusted by the Japanese Buddhist community and government to invite him to give lectures in Japan, and Jian Zhen readily agreed. From that year to the seventh year of Tianbao, 12 years, he led the people to make five expeditions to the east, but they all failed because of the sea waves, rocks, shipwrecks, sacrifices and the obstruction of some local officials. Especially for the fifth time, it was attacked by bad winds and wild waves, and drifted at sea for 14 days, and finally drifted to Zhou Zhen (now Ya 'an County) in Hainan Island. On the way back to Duanzhou, Japanese disciple Rong Rui died and Jian Zhen mourned. Coupled with the hot weather, he suddenly suffered from eye diseases, leading to blindness. However, his ambition to spread Buddhism eastward became stronger and stronger and never wavered. For the sixth time in the twelfth year of Tianbao, he finally arrived in Kyushu, Japan, and in February of the following year, he arrived in Hirai Well (now Nara). Jian Peijun town

Really welcomed by the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Announce the award of the Bodhisattva Ring to Japanese emperors, empresses, princes and others; Awarded or awarded to more than 440 people such as Shami; Give new commandments to the old commandments of 80 monasteries. Only in Japan can there be formal legal succession. Jian Zhen is regarded as the ancestor of Japanese legalists. In 756, Kejsarinnan Koken appointed him as the capital of the Great Buddhism, in charge of Japanese Buddhist affairs. In 759, Jian Zhen and his disciples carefully designed and built the Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty, where they preached laws and precepts. He and his disciples adopted the most advanced technology in the Tang Dynasty in architecture, statues and murals, which added luster to the formation of artistic climax in the Japanese Tian Ping era. For example, the Zhao Ti buildings in the Tang Dynasty were masterpieces left by Jian Zhen and his disciples. The whole structure and decoration reflect the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty architecture, which is the largest and most beautiful building in the Japanese Tian Ping era. Before Jian Zhen's death, disciples used the latest dry painting clip technology to paint his portrait. Japan is regarded as a national treasure. 1980 In February, in order to enhance the friendship between the two peoples for generations, the Japanese-Chinese friendship group sent the seated statues back to Beijing and Yangzhou for the Japanese people and Buddhists to pay their respects. Jian Zhen and his disciples are mostly good at calligraphy. They went to Japan with the original works of Wang Xizhi and his son, which influenced them. Until now, the Japanese people still love China's calligraphy art, and most of the Japanese Buddhist scriptures were introduced from North Korea at that time, so mistakes are inevitable. According to the Japanese History, the Emperor once entrusted Jian Zhen to correct the classic mistakes. Jian Zhen's most outstanding contribution to the Japanese people is the teaching of medical knowledge, and he is honored as the ancestor of medicine by the Japanese people. Japan's tofu industry, catering industry, brewing industry, etc. I also believe that their industry skills are all awarded by Jian Zhen. In the second year of Tang Baoying (763, the seventh year of Baozi in Tian Ping), Jian Zhen died of illness in Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty on May 6th at the age of 76. Disciple Stowe described his six expeditions to the East, which was embellished by the famous Japanese writer Zhenren and spread to this day.

Liu Ci Du Dong Yi

In the winter of 742, Jian Zhen's tomb.

Jian Zhen and his disciple 2 1, together with four Japanese monks, went to Donghejiji Temple near Yangzhou to build a ship and prepare for the eastward crossing. At that time, Japanese monks were holding official letters that Prime Minister Li got from his brother Li, so local official Cang Cuo also gave assistance. Unexpectedly, one of Jian Zhen's disciples, Dao Xing, joked with a younger brother, Ruhai, saying, "Everyone is highly respected and the industry is obsolete. If you learn as little as the sea, you can stop. " If you believe it, you will break into a furious rage and falsely accuse Jian Zhen and his party of colluding with pirates to build ships and prepare to attack Yangzhou. When pirates were rampant, an interview in Huainan alarmed Ben Qian Jing and sent someone to detain all the monks. Although they were released soon, they ordered the Japanese monks to return to China immediately, and their first trip to the East was aborted.

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In the month of 65438+744 10, after careful preparation, Jian Zhen and other 17 monks (including the hidden Rong Rui and Pu Zhao) set out again, together with 85 hired craftsmen such as "carving, casting, writing, embroidering, writing and carving monuments", totaling 100. As a result, before she went to sea, she was shipwrecked at Langgoupu in the Yangtze River estuary. No sooner had the ship been repaired than it went out to sea and was blown to an island in Zhoushan Islands by strong winds. Five days later, everyone was rescued and moved to Asoka Temple in Yuyao, Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang) to settle down. After the spring, temples in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Hangzhou, Huzhou and Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui) invited Jian Zhen to give lectures, and the second trip to the East ended.

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End Jian Zhen's handwriting.

After the lecture tour, Jian Zhen returned to Ashoka Monastery and prepared to go to the East again. After learning this, the monks in Yuezhou accused Japanese monks of hiding in China in order to keep Jian Zhen, with the purpose of "luring" Jian Zhen to Japan. So the government put Rong Rui in prison and sent him to Hangzhou. Rong Rui pretended to be ill on the road, before he could escape. The third trip to the East is over.

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Because it is inconvenient for Jiangsu and Zhejiang to go to sea for generations, Jian Zhen decided to buy a boat from Fuzhou and set out from Ashoka Temple with more than 30 people. I was stopped when I first arrived in Wenzhou. It turned out that Ling You, a disciple of Jian Zhen who stayed in daming temple, was worried about the master's safety and begged the Yangzhou government to stop him. Huainan reporter sent someone to stop Jian Zhen and his party from returning to Yangzhou. I can't cross the east for the fourth time.

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In 748, Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to daming temple again and begged Jian Zhen to go to the East. Jian Zhen immediately led 14 monks and 35 craftsmen and sailors, and set off from Chongfu Temple on June 28th of the lunar calendar, heading east again. In order to wait for the downwind, Jian Zhen and his party stayed in Zhoushan Islands for several months after leaving the Yangtze River, and could not go to sea until June 165438+ 10. In the East China Sea of China, the ship encountered a strong north wind. It drifted continuously 14 before it saw land, and it took 16 before it landed. It was found that it had drifted to Zhou Zhen (now Sanya) and settled in Dayun Temple. Jian Zhen stayed in Hainan for one year, bringing a lot of Central Plains culture and medical knowledge to the local area. Up to now, there are still Jian Zhen relics in Sanya, such as "Sunbathing Slope" and "Large and Small Cave Dwellings". . After that, Jian Zhen returned to the north, passed through Wan 'an Mansion (now Wanning, Hainan), Yazhou (now Haikou, Hainan), Leizhou and Wuzhou, arrived in Shi 'an County (now Guilin, Guangxi), lived in Jian Zhen and Shi 'an Kaiyuan Temple for another year, and was welcomed to give lectures in Guangzhou. When passing through Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong), Rong Rui died of illness in longxing temple. In Guangzhou, Jian Zhen wanted to go to Tianzhu and was comforted. After the summer, Jian Zhen continued to leave. When he passed through Shaozhou, he resigned as usual. When he left, Jian Zhen swore that he would not go to Japan. This is not what I want. "At this time, Jian Zhen's blindness was due to the acclimatization and travel fatigue, and he was mistaken for a quack. After the Tomb of Dayu, Xiang Yan, the great disciple of Jian Zhen, sat down in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), and Jian Zhen was very sad. Then Jian Zhen passed Lushan Mountain, Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and Jiangning County, Runzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and returned to Yangzhou. The fifth eastward crossing is over.

Edit this passage six times and cross the East.

Jian Zhen is famous because he has traveled half of China. In 753, Japanese envoys, such as Fujiwara Qinghe, Kibi No Asomi Makibi and Chao Heng, came to Yangzhou and once again begged Jian Zhen to join their eastward journey. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty believed in Taoism and wanted to send Taoist priests to Japan. Japan refused, so Jian Zhen was not allowed to go to sea. Jian Zhen secretly took a boat to Huangsipu, Suzhou, and changed to a ship that sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty. There were 24 people accompanying him, including monks and nuns 17. 165438+1October16th, the fleet went to sea. At this time, Zhao Pu also arrived in Yuyao. 165438+1October 2 1 day, Jian Zhen's ship separated from Chao Heng's ship, and on February 6, 65438, the remaining two ships and one ship hit the rocks. The sixth eastward crossing finally succeeded.

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After Jian Zhen arrived in Japan, he was given a grand courtesy by Kejsarinnan Koken and Emperor Wu. On February 1 day, 754, Fujiwara Nakama, a senior official, personally met him in Hanoi. On February 4th, Jian Zhen and his party arrived in Nara, where they had an argument with another local China monk, Little Monk Capital, who was in charge of Japanese Buddhist affairs and was named "Deng Chuan Exorcist". According to the wishes of Wu Sheng and Xiao Gan, Jian Zhen, as a high-ranking legalist, should take the responsibility of regulating Japanese monks and put an end to the phenomenon of holding Buddha, which was prevalent in Japanese society at that time, so as to avoid the phenomenon of labor tax. Therefore, Xiao Gan issued a decree: "From now on, teach and quit becoming a monk." However, this has aroused the opposition of Japan's own "vow to quit" faction, especially the strong opposition of Jing Xian and others in Xinghua Temple. Therefore, Jian Zhen decided to hold an open debate in Xiaofu Temple. During the debate, Jian Zhen made a concession and admitted that the "self-sworn precept" could still exist, but as a formal discipline officially recognized, there must be three teachers and seven certificates. As a result, Xian Jing and others were moved and abandoned the old example. Jian Zhen then set up an altar in Dongda Temple to consecrate about 500 people, including Wu Sheng, the Queen of Light, members of the royal family and Xiao Gan's monks. In 756, Jian Zhen was named as the "Big Monk Capital", commanding all the monks and nuns in Japan, and established a formal discipline system in Japan. However, in 758, as the main supporter of Jian Zhen, Kejsarinnan Koken lost power in the court struggle and was forced to abdicate to Emperor Chunren. As a result, Jian Zhen also suffered from exclusion. In 758, under the name of "political irritability", Emperor Chunren demoted Jian Zhen to "the capital of big monks" and gave Jian Zhen the official residence of the former Crown Prince Daozu who was defeated in the court struggle. The following year, Jian Zhen's disciples built a temple in the official residence, which Chunren named "Tang Temple", and Jian Zhen moved here from Dongda Temple. Chunren also issued a decree that Japanese monks must study in Tang Zhao Ti Temple before being ordained, making Tang Zhao Ti Temple the highest institution of learning for Japanese Buddhists at that time. On May 6th, 763, Jian Zhen died in Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty. Before his death, his disciple was Jian Zhen Mu Ying, who had a lacquer statue handed down from generation to generation. In 764, Kejsarinnan Koken suppressed Hui Mei's rebellion and ascended the throne. Jian Zhen's disciples Stowe, Fajin and others have become "Big Monk Capital" one after another, and the Tang and Zhao Temple has also been expanded to become a national treasure in Japanese architectural history. The altar under the temptation created by Jian Zhen also became the only place where Japanese Buddhist monks were formally ordained before the establishment of Tiantai Sect in Japan. Jian Zhen is also regarded as the ancestor of Japanese legalists.

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In Japan, Jian Zhen taught Buddhist theory, spread profound China culture, promoted the perfection of Japanese Buddhism, medicine, architecture and sculpture, and was respected by Chinese and Japanese people and Buddhist circles.