When reading ancient prose, we must pay attention to the following points:
First of all, we should understand the background of the article. Only by standing in the author's time and understanding the social customs at that time can we understand the connotation of the article more easily.
Second, you should know the author's life resume. This article is no better than his contemporaries, so you can understand his social mentality and outlook on life, because we are all in the same era; But ancient prose is different. The ancients and your perspective are obviously different, so it is important to know the author's life.
Third, we should know some ancient grammar. This is a professional subject, but it can be found in the textbooks of senior high schools in China. For example, some unique grammatical phenomena in ancient Chinese, such as preposition object, adverbial postposition and so on.
Fourth, we should know some ancient Chinese characters. For example, the phenomenon of interchangeable words, different reading and so on. For example, the saying "Don't say (Yue) Hu".
Interest is the best learning teacher. Don't feel tired of learning ancient Chinese. Feel the wisdom of the sages with your heart. I believe you will gain a lot of unexpected things.
2. Classical Chinese problem-solving skills 1 What to do after class? Explain the text with questions. Classical Chinese reading is relatively difficult, and ordinary students often can't understand it after reading it once. At this point, we should quickly browse the requirements of the test questions, especially the final summary and judgment questions, read them carefully and understand the general content of the full text, because one item of this question is often inconsistent with the original text, and the other three items are correct, that is, a mistake is often a detail problem. Then by reading the last question, you will immediately understand the full text, and then read the original text, which will get twice the result with half the effort and be more relaxed. Second, to interpret the text by text is to use the words in the article to solve the problem. There are mutual constraints and explanations among various factors in the article, which is a basis for readers to interpret the article. For example, in the test of 1994, "Respect for the elderly is in the East. If you don't cook, you will always get uncooked rice. Why bother to cook a meal alone?" "White rice" means white rice, because it says "You can get white rice with one month's salary …". Third, the text notes. The proposer of classical Chinese will give some notes, which can often bring great help to solving problems. For example, in the annual exam of199/kloc-0, there is a sentence that "the state urges him to ridicule", and the proposer annotates "Duan Shuhe" and gives a question on the basis of the annotation: "For the evil king, the state urges him to ridicule. What is the reason? " "This actually examines the students' ability to explain the text with things. "Fourth, understand the text. When answering the translated sentences, we should combine the context and be good at understanding things. For example, in the sentence of 1994, "give" means "give" or "make … full? "It seems that everything can be done. But from the analysis of the reasons, we can only take "make … full" Because as a retired official, He Ziping is not satisfied with the general support, but wants to "enrich it". Another example is the translation of "raising a private family", which is "raising a mother at home" or "helping her manage the family"? Aside from the provisions of the word meaning, it can't be said that it is "helping the mother manage the family" only in the sense. Because this "family management" task depends on the mother who is nearly eighty years old. Why do He Ziping and He Xiaozhi have it?
Step 1: Browse the topic quickly.
Classical Chinese extracurricular reading questions have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; Some topics hint at the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully.
Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extra-curricular reading article in the classical Chinese "Chu People Learn to Boat". The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
Step 3: Read the full text quickly with comments.
When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these notes, but to read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students that when they encounter obstacles in the process of reading the full text, they should never stop and think hard, but should continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine.
There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:
(1) Word explanation questions: This kind of questions mostly examine the phenomenon of polysemy of content words in classical Chinese, which is basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: ① Proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example, in the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was appointed to guard Baling County (place name). In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. For example: "Chen Shengsheng, Yangcheng people are also". "Zhe ... also" means meaningless and should be deleted. Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng. ③ Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as verb inversion, preposition object and adverbial postposition). ) Different from the word order of modern Chinese, appropriate adjustments should be made in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. (4) If the translated sentence is an ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example, "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (omitting the subject). "They wrote the words' Chen' on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy.
3. How to do a good job in classical Chinese after class I think, first of all, you should do a good job in classical Chinese in class. You can't just know the general meaning of each text, you must know how to translate any word.
Secondly, recite more. Recite not only the text, but also the notes, especially the commonly used notes, such as "knowing", "harmony" and "writing", as well as some notes often emphasized by teachers or the notes summarized by teachers. Of course, it is also important to recite the text. Memorizing the text well on the basis of understanding will help you break sentences in classical Chinese after class.
Furthermore, you should be good at summing up. It's great to have a teacher who often summarizes you, which can save a lot of time, but if not, you should be able to summarize yourself.
Finally, I will read more and practice more, and read more extracurricular classical Chinese.
4. How to do the first step after the classical Chinese class in junior high school: browse the topic quickly.
Classical Chinese extracurricular reading questions have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; Some topics hint at the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully.
Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, after class, read the passage "Ouyang Xiu studied hard" in classical Chinese. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
Step 3: Read the full text quickly with comments.
When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these notes, but to read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students that when they encounter obstacles in the process of reading the full text, they should never stop and think hard, but should continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine.
There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:
(1) Word explanation questions: This kind of questions mostly examine the phenomenon of polysemy of content words in classical Chinese, which is basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: ① Proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example, in the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was appointed to guard Baling County (place name). In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. For example: "Chen Shengsheng, Yangcheng people are also". "Zhe ... also" means meaningless and should be deleted. Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng. ③ Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as verb inversion, preposition object and adverbial postposition). ) Different from the word order of modern Chinese, appropriate adjustments should be made in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. (4) If the translated sentence is an ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example, "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (omitting the subject). "They wrote the words' Chen' on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy.