For example: Project Name: Jin Yue Community.
Project name: Building A 1 in Jin Yue Community
Project name: Building A2, Jin Yue Community
What do you mean by the operation mode of the construction company?
The contract mode refers to the economic relationship between the project contractor (usually the tenderer) and the contractor (usually the winning bidder). There are many ways of contracting, which are restricted by the contract content and specific environmental conditions. The main classification is shown in the figure.
(1) According to the scope (content) of the contract.
According to the scope of project contracting, that is, the content of contracting, there are four contracting methods: whole process contracting, stage contracting, special contracting and "build-operate-transfer" contracting.
1. The whole process of construction contracting
The whole construction process contract is also called "general contract" or "general contract", which is usually called "turnkey". By adopting this contracting method, as long as the construction unit generally puts forward the use requirements and completion time limit, the contractor can carry out the whole process and all-round general contracting for project proposal, feasibility study, survey and design, equipment inquiry and purchase, material ordering, engineering construction, production personnel training until completion and production, and comprehensively manage, coordinate and supervise all subcontracted tasks. In order to facilitate the connection between construction and production, if necessary, we can also absorb part of the strength of the construction unit and participate in the related work of engineering construction under the unified organization of the contractor. This contracting method requires close cooperation between the contracting parties; Major issues involving decision-making nature should still be decided by the construction unit or its superior competent department. This contracting method is mainly suitable for all kinds of large and medium-sized construction projects. Its advantages are that it can accumulate construction experience, make full use of existing experience, save investment, shorten construction period, ensure construction quality and improve economic benefits. Of course, the contractor is also required to have strong technical and economic strength and rich experience in organization and management. In order to meet this requirement, some large foreign contractors often form an integrated contracting company with survey and design units, or further expand to a number of professional contractors and equipment manufacturers to form a horizontal economic consortium. This is a new trend in the development of construction industry in recent decades. Since the reform and opening up, the general contracting companies of construction projects established by various departments and localities in China belong to this kind of contracting units.
2. Stage contracting
The content of the stage contract is the work of a certain stage or stages in the construction process. Such as feasibility study, survey and design, building installation and construction. In the construction stage, according to the different contents of the contract, it can be divided into three ways:
(1) contractors and materials. That is, all the labor and materials used in the construction of contracted projects. This is a widely used construction contracting method in the world.
(2) Part of the contractor's package. That is, the contractor is only responsible for providing all the labor and some materials needed for construction, and the rest is supplied by the construction unit or the general contractor. Before China's reform and opening-up, the construction unit that has been in practice for many years contracted all artificial and local materials, and the construction unit was responsible for supplying unified distribution and management materials and some special materials, which belonged to this contracting method. After the reform, it gradually transitioned to the mode of contracting labor and materials.
(3) The contractor does not package materials. That is, the contractor only provides labor services and does not undertake any obligation to supply materials. This contracting method exists in construction projects at home and abroad.
3. Special contracting
The content of special contract is a special project in a certain construction stage. Because of its strong professionalism, it is mostly contracted by relevant professional contractors, so it is called professional contracting. For example, feasibility study, engineering geological survey, water supply source survey, foundation or structural engineering design, process design, power supply system, air conditioning system and disaster prevention system design in the survey and design stage, equipment selection and production technical personnel training in the construction preparation stage, foundation construction, metal structure fabrication and installation, ventilation device and elevator installation in the construction stage.
4. Build-operate-transfer contract
BOT mode is commonly known internationally, that is, the abbreviation of build-operate-transfer. This is a new way of contracting with capital in the 1980s. Its scheme is generally led by a big contractor or developer, and forms a consortium with the financial department to make suggestions and applications to * * * for a certain project and obtain the permission for project construction and operation. These projects are generally large-scale public works and infrastructure, such as tunnels, ports, highways, power plants and so on. * * * If the proposal and application are approved, the concession of the construction and operation project will be awarded to the consortium. The consortium is responsible for all the work of fund raising, engineering design and construction; After the project is completed, it will operate during the franchise period, and recover the investment, repay the loan and make a profit by charging users; After the franchise expires, the project will be handed over to the management of * * * for free. For the country where the project is located, this way can solve the problem of construction. ......
What is the nature of the project?
Classification of project construction nature
(1) new project:
Generally speaking, it refers to projects that start from scratch and start from scratch. Including newly-built enterprises, institutions and administrative units as well as newly-built independent projects such as transmission lines, railways, highways and reservoirs. The original foundation of existing enterprises, institutions and administrative units is very small. If the value of new fixed assets after construction exceeds its original fixed assets value (original value) by more than three times, it should also be considered as new construction.
(2) Expansion Project:
Generally speaking, in order to expand the production capacity of the original products, enterprises build main production workshops (or major projects), mines, independent production lines or branch factories under the general factory; Institutions and administrative units build business premises in the original units (such as schools building teaching premises, hospitals building out-patient departments or beds, and administrative organs building office buildings). ), also as an extension.
(3) renovation project:
Generally speaking, existing enterprises and institutions adopt new technologies, new processes, new devices and new materials to transform and update existing facilities and technological conditions (including the construction of corresponding auxiliary production and living facilities) in order to achieve technological progress, improve product quality, increase varieties, promote product upgrading, reduce consumption and cost, and strengthen comprehensive utilization of resources, treatment of three wastes and labor safety. In order to give full play to the existing production capacity, some enterprises build workshops that do not directly increase the floating capacity of their main products, which is also a reconstruction.
(4) Relocation project:
Refers to projects that have been relocated to different places due to changes in the layout of productive forces or for reasons such as environmental protection and safe production. In the process of relocation construction, whether the construction scale is to maintain the original scale or expand the scale, it is counted as relocation.
(5) Restoration project:
Refers to the original fixed assets due to natural disasters, wars and other reasons all or part of the scrap, and then put into construction and repair projects. In the process of restoring construction, no matter whether the construction scale is restored according to the original scale or expanded at the same time, it is counted as restoration.
Units that have not been completed, put into production or delivered for use, but are still rebuilt according to the original design after being destroyed by natural disasters, are not regarded as restoration, but are calculated according to the original design nature; If it is rebuilt according to the new design, its construction nature shall be determined according to the new construction content.
What is the nature of the construction project?
It is divided into residential buildings, public buildings, administrative office buildings, commercial office buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, sports buildings, medical buildings, production buildings, storage buildings, science and education buildings, scientific research buildings, educational buildings, and public buildings and special buildings in transportation buildings.
What's the difference between a technical bid and a commercial bid?
Commercial bid, technical bid and economic bid; What's the difference between these three signs?
1. Simply put, the tender generally includes three parts: economic, technical and commercial tender. Economic bid mainly refers to the tender offer, technical bid is mainly the content of construction organization design, and commercial bid is the company's qualification, license and award-winning certificate.
Before, we only made commercial bid and technical bid.
Business bidding documents include enterprise qualification, business license, relevant award-winning certificates, relevant documents to prove the company's performance, and some also need safety production license and enterprise profile, depending on the requirements of bidding documents.
The technical tender includes drawings and design description, technical scheme, time limit for a project plan, staffing, etc. According to the requirements of the tenderer, it may involve five-member certificates and related three certificates.
2. The commercial bid is the price in the tender offer, that is, the price in the budget book; Technical tender refers to various technical measures taken by the construction organization design to complete the project specified in the tender documents; Economic bid is basically a commercial bid, but some places can be used as the basis for cost control and cost price; Design bidding is to comprehensively consider the design drawings from both technical and economic aspects, so as to choose the appropriate scheme.
3. Commercial bid, technical bid and economic bid; What's the difference between these three signs?
Business standards:
The handling of bidding documents, if not specified, should have the following contents:
Composition of bidding documents
The bidding document consists of two parts: commercial part and technical part.
A, the contents of the commercial part of the tender documents:
(1) Identification of the legal representative
(2) Power of Attorney of Legal Person (original)
(3) Letter of Bid
(4) Appendix to Tender Letter
(5) Copy of deposit certificate of bid bond
(6) Commitments and supplementary opinions on the bidding documents and contract terms.
(7) Bill of Quantities Valuation Table
(8) Description of tender offer
(9) Quotation list
(10) Electronic bidding documents (U disk or CD)
(1 1) business license, qualification certificate, safety production license, etc.
2. The following documents and materials shall be attached to the contents specified by the Ministry of Commerce in the bidding documents (no copies are indicated):
(1) Enterprise business license, enterprise qualification grade certificate, production safety certification materials and safety qualification certificate issued by the local construction safety management department;
Third, the technical part mainly includes the following contents
1, construction deployment;
2, the construction site layout;
3. Construction scheme;
4, construction technical measures;
5, construction organization and construction schedule (including the division of construction period, the main process and labor arrangement, as well as the construction management organization or project intends to);
6. Construction machinery and equipment;
7. Quality assurance measures;
8, time limit for a project guarantee measures;
9, safety construction measures
10, civilized construction measures;
Technical standards.
If it is a construction project, it includes all the contents of the construction organization design to evaluate the bidder's technical strength and floating inspection. Technical complex projects have detailed requirements for the content and format of technical documents. Bidders shall carefully fill in the technical part of the bidding documents as required, including technical scheme, product technical data, implementation scheme, etc.
3) Economic standards
After the design is determined, whether the enterprise can be selected depends on economic standards, among which the problems are:
1. Difference of engineering quantity: There are many changes in architectural decoration, and there are often projects that are not within the quota, such as special-shaped decoration. How to reflect the design intention and reduce the cost because of the different quantities of projects beyond the limit.
2. Material price difference: materials account for 40-50% of the total cost, and the price difference of the same variety of materials is very large according to the design requirements, which has a great impact on the project cost.
3. Charge level: The country is now guiding the charge rate, and the charges are different with different levels of enterprise management.
4. Profit level: Some enterprises promise to make profits in bidding, and some enterprises make profits according to the project situation. For example, some enterprises are profitable because of the off-season or the owners have follow-up projects, so we should know this and that in bidding to determine the profit rate. ...
What is a 5-point post in construction engineering?
The professional position of construction engineering refers to the technical position engaged in the technical level of construction engineering, that is, the title.
Technical positions can be divided into junior, intermediate and senior positions. Generally speaking, the declaration is made from the primary level, which can be divided into technicians and assistant engineers; Intermediate is an engineer; Senior engineers are divided into deputy senior engineers and senior engineers. Professional title evaluation needs to provide proof materials such as identity certificate, graduation certificate, work resume, professional papers, computer and foreign language grade examination.
Professional titles are regularly reviewed by local labor and personnel departments, and can be applied by themselves, declared by units, and reviewed and publicized by local labor and personnel departments.
What are the civil works?
Civil buildings refer to residential buildings and public buildings regardless of unit nature, investment scale and common sources. Including: residence and its supporting facilities, hotels (brigades) and guest houses; School teaching building and its ancillary facilities; Medical room and ancillary facilities; Non-productive buildings such as office buildings, scientific research buildings and comprehensive buildings; Shops; Cultural centers, theaters, stadiums (gymnasiums), libraries, exhibition halls, cultural and sports activity centers, station waiting rooms, dock waiting rooms, airport terminals, commercial warehouses, civil garages and other buildings as stipulated by laws and regulations.
National Project 2 1 1 What institutions are there? What does project 2 1 1 mean?
"2 1 1 Project" is a construction project in China * * * facing the 2 1 century, with about 100 institutions of higher learning and key disciplines to be built.
I purpose of "2 1 1 project"
The implementation of "2 1 1 project" is an important measure to promote the development of higher education in China and promote the adaptation of higher education to economic and social development. The implementation of this project aims at cultivating high-level talents for China's economic and social development strategy, which is of great significance to improving the level of national higher education, speeding up national economic construction, promoting the development of science and technology culture, enhancing comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness, and realizing that the cultivation of high-level talents is basically based on China.
Second, the overall construction objectives and tasks
Facing the 2 1 century, during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, a number of institutions of higher learning and key disciplines will be developed. On this basis, after several years' efforts, about 100 colleges and universities and a number of key disciplines will greatly improve their education quality, scientific research, management level and school-running benefits, and the reform of higher education, especially the reform of management system, has made remarkable progress, becoming a domestic-based university focusing on cultivating high-level talents. Among them, some key institutions of higher learning and some key disciplines are close to or reach the advanced level of similar international schools and disciplines, most of them have obviously improved their school conditions, made great achievements in personnel training and scientific research, adapted to the development of regions and industries, and are generally at the domestic advanced level, playing a backbone and exemplary role.
The main contents of the project construction:
The construction of "2 1 1 project" mainly includes the overall conditions of the school, key disciplines and the construction of public service system for higher education.
1. Construction of the overall conditions of the school: train a large number of academic leaders and backbone teachers with profound academic attainments and certain influence at home and abroad, especially speed up the training of young academic leaders, and maintain a team of teachers and management cadres with excellent political and professional quality, reasonable structure, capable personnel and relative stability; Deepen the reform of education and teaching, optimize the structure of disciplines (majors), promote the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence and physique, and ensure the substantial improvement of education quality; Strengthen the construction of infrastructure, laboratories and public facilities necessary for teaching and scientific research, and create necessary living and working conditions for cultivating and attracting outstanding talents; Improve the scale and efficiency of running schools; Strengthen scientific research, strive to realize the industrialization of scientific research results, and accelerate the pace of transforming science and technology into real productive forces; Promote the reform of school-running system and deepen the reform of school internal management system; Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation among institutions of higher learning and expand the international influence of China's higher education.
2. Construction of key disciplines: mainly to improve the ability to cultivate high-level talents in the frontier fields of science and technology. In some qualified schools, select some key research bases that have a great impact on national economic construction, scientific and technological progress, social development and national defense construction, can solve major scientific and technological problems in this field, and are expected to achieve breakthrough results, strengthen the experimental conditions for talent training, broaden the subject areas, form a number of discipline groups and bases that are related to disciplines, closely related to each other, share resources, have characteristics and advantages, and continuously cultivate high-level backbone talents in this field. Efforts will be made to form a key discipline system that covers major industries and fields of China's economic construction and social development, promotes the development of disciplines and science and technology, and has a reasonable division of labor and mutual support.
3. The construction of public service system of higher education mainly includes the construction of computer network for education and scientific research, books and documents guarantee system and modern equipment sharing system in China. China's educational and scientific research computer network will be connected with domestic universities and international networks to provide information services for China's education, science and technology and all sectors of society. Relying on China's educational and scientific research computer network, the library and document guarantee system has established a national comprehensive document center and a number of subject document centers, which are widely networked with domestic and foreign document systems and established a document information subnet. According to the regional advantages, in the central cities where colleges and universities are concentrated in China, combined with the construction of key disciplines in colleges and universities, modern equipment sharing service centers are set up to improve the efficiency of equipment use.
Planning tasks of "2 1 1 project" during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period:
1. First, efforts should be made to build two institutions of higher learning, so that they can approach and reach the international advanced level in teaching, scientific research and personnel training, and establish a high reputation and status in the world.
2 focus on improving and improving the teaching and scientific research infrastructure conditions of about 25 institutions of higher learning that are closely related to China's socialist construction, focus on key disciplines, and undertake more public service system construction tasks. ......
What are the supporting projects of the community?
If it refers to the supporting projects of the community, there are water supply, fire protection, telecommunications, natural gas, rainwater drainage, sewage drainage, greening, fire roads and so on.