1 In order to create suitable production conditions, it is necessary to choose a planting park that meets the melon production standards, and the soil in the park is the best calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. The available phosphorus content of the soil used in the experiment is 37.8mg/kg, and the organic compound content is 190mg/kg. The hardness of soil should be controlled at about 6.2.
Three-dimensional interplanting cultivation techniques of watermelon and melon should be built in a compound building solar greenhouse with a length of 70m, a width of 12m and a height of 4m. The direction of the greenhouse should be north-south, so as to ensure that the melons and watermelons planted in the greenhouse can be irradiated by symmetrical sunlight. Four beds can be set in the greenhouse, and the two sides of the greenhouse should be set with 80cm thick covering film. In the choice of film cloth, the long-life film with milky heat insulation should be the main one, and the road surface should be equipped with milky agricultural plastic film without dripping.
2 Selection of Suitable Varieties In order to ensure the smooth development of planting, it is necessary to select the planting objects to ensure that the planting objects have the advantages of being able to blend into the ultra-low temperature and dark natural environment, high yield, well-balanced products and good quality. Watermelon varieties available are: Jinshan small pot, early spring Hongyu and its multi-force watermelon. The melon varieties that can be selected are Xizhoumi 25 and Honey World.
3. First of all, the problem of seeds should be solved in grafting and seedling raising, and the quality of selected seeds should meet the requirements of GB/T 167 15.3. Cultivated land area, watermelon seed 2g/hm2, melon seed 130g/hm2. In order to ensure the smooth growth and vitality of seeds, it is necessary to dry the seeds in the sun for 2 ~ 3 hours before sowing, and then soak the exploded seeds in water at 55℃ for 65438±05min, with constant stirring during the soaking process.
The soaking time of melon seeds should be about 5 hours, while watermelon seeds need to be soaked for a longer time, which is12 hours. Proper rubbing should be carried out during soaking until the seeds are cleaned and the teeth are gradually urged. Tooth pressing is generally carried out in a tooth pressing box. If it is found that the accelerated buds grow to 0.3cm, they can be planted step by step.
The planting time should be around the end of June, 5438+10. After the melons and watermelons grow and germinate, the sticky wood seeds should be planted again. The former is planted in the sand table, and the latter is planted in the sand table with 32 holes. One seed should be placed in each hole, and then the seedlings should be raised by electric hotline according to the specific instructions, and it should be completely covered to create a natural environment with moderate temperature and environmental humidity to promote germination.
In the process of grafting, the grafting method can be applied to watermelon and melon. With the help of insertion method, the grafting rate and grafting pass rate will be greatly improved. After the sticky wood grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, remove it, leaving two tender leaves, and insert it down from the middle of the cotyledon with a wooden stick about 1 ~ 1.5 cm.
Then, the germinated hypocotyl was turned into a wedge with a scraper and immediately fused with the sticky wood. After grafting, 50% triadimefon needs to be watered 800 times. After that, the planters need to build a small plastic greenhouse, put a layer of greenhouse film on it, and let the greenhouse be stuffy for about 4 days to ensure that the temperature and environmental humidity meet the basic requirements under the condition of rejuvenation by sticking wood.
Immediately after grafting, remove the covered plastic film, gradually ventilate the seedlings naturally, and immediately spray 2000 times of liquid to prevent diseases and pests. After seven days of membrane grafting, it is necessary to apply 1500 times of Miaojundi solution to stop. Five days before transplanting, 800 times of thiophanate methyl solution should be applied to prevent the defense from being damaged. Only by ensuring that the hole is always moist can the growth and development of melon seedlings be effectively promoted. Before the drought occurs, water must be watered on time, and the water for growth and development should be filled immediately. Water for as long as possible, avoiding dusk or morning.
Fertilize before transplanting, use 750g/hm2 pollution-free pig manure and compound fertilizer, and then carefully carry out farmland work. 3 ~ 4 well-developed melon seedlings are selected for field planting in early March every year. In order to ensure the normal growth and development of watermelon and melon, it is necessary to make appropriate selection according to the planting position.
Watermelons near the border of the greenhouse can be planted 30cm away from the border ditch, and watermelons in the middle seat of the greenhouse can be planted 45cm away from the center line. Be sure to control the spacing between plants to avoid planting too closely. Finally, plastic film mulching and seedling release are carried out.
The finishing work after planting should first control the temperature in the greenhouse. After planting, the greenhouse should be stuffy for about four days, and then the temperature should be adjusted to normal temperature after slowly taking root. There is a certain temperature difference between day and night, which is 27 ~ 30℃ during the day and 10 ~ 17℃ at night. If the temperature is lower than 10℃ at night, it is necessary to cover the seedlings with plastic film around 4 pm, and then make other adjustments after the temperature rises.
In addition to controlling the temperature, it is also necessary to adjust the light in the shed to ensure that melons and watermelons can experience enough sunshine every day. In addition, reasonable and effective pest control work should be carried out. In the process of pest control, the standards of emerald control and physical control should be followed as much as possible, and too many control methods should not be applied.
Conclusion With the improvement of people's living standard, there are more regulations on the choice of vegetables and fruits. Watermelon and melon are fruits that people often eat, and their taste and quality are the main factors that consumers consider when choosing. In order to expand the market and increase the yield of watermelon and melon, appropriate and effective cultivation techniques must be carried out.
As a common planting method of watermelon and melon, three-dimensional interplanting cultivation technology needs melon farmers to constantly explore strategies to give full play to the value of this planting method. Only by constantly paying attention to the value of this planting technology and exerting its effectiveness can we provide new impetus for agricultural development.