A scientist who loves the motherland —— In memory of Professor Liu Zhongluo
Author: Huang, Liming
Professor Liu Chongle is a famous entomologist in China. His life is a life of loving the motherland, studying hard and benefiting the people. Mr. Liu is a native of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, and was born in 190 1. Before liberation, he taught in Beijing Normal University and Tsinghua University. After liberation, he served as the director and professor of entomology department in Tsinghua University and Beijing Agricultural University, director of entomology research institute of Beijing Agricultural University, academician of China Academy of Sciences, researcher of entomology research institute, researcher of zoology research institute, leader of Yunnan tropical biological resources comprehensive investigation team of China Academy of Sciences, director of Yunnan Zoology Research Institute, vice president of Yunnan Branch, director of China Entomology Society, editor-in-chief of Entomology Journal, etc. He is a representative of the First, Second and Third National People's Congress and NLD.
Professor Liu Chongle studied at Cornell University in the United States in his early years, and then visited abroad many times. Since the 1920s, he devoted himself to scientific research while engaging in education, and made positive contributions to the development of entomology in China, especially in the north. People respect him and call him "Beiliu".
On the eve of liberation, he was visiting the United States and was hired by the relevant departments of the United States and Taiwan Province Province. However, he refused generous treatment and comfortable living conditions, and resolutely returned to the motherland with full enthusiasm to welcome the birth of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) with the people of the whole country. Since then, he has been United with the party and the people until his last breath.
In the germ warfare to resist US aggression and aid Korea, he worked tirelessly and actively, personally participated in the investigation, held an exhibition of germ warfare crimes, and publicly exposed the heinous crimes of American imperialism in international academic conferences and newspapers, winning the sympathy and support of international friends.
In the early days of liberation, everything was in a hurry. Professor Liu Chongle understands the difficulties of the country. In order to save foreign exchange, he initiated and carried out the research on lac insects, expanded the production of lac, and laid the foundation for the development of lac industry in China.
In the early 1950s, he established a biological control laboratory in China, conducted research on parasitic natural enemies, and introduced Bacillus thuringiensis and insect virus from abroad for the first time, laying the foundation for insect pathology. He himself has high attainments in insect philology and ladybug classification, and all his work has contributed to the advocacy and development of biological control discipline in China.
Professor Liu Chongle has been the editor-in-chief of Journal of Entomology for a long time. He is conscientious and meticulous, and has made great efforts to carry out the academic activities of entomology in China.
Professor Liu Chongle has not only done a lot of work for the development of entomology in China, but also trained many talents, many of whom have become well-known scientists, professors and scientific research backbones. Mr. Liu Chongle loves the Party and socialism and has made great contributions to China's science education. He deserves to be an excellent scientist.
Lin Biao, the Gang of Four and their followers brutally undermined China's scientific cause, trampled on the intellectual policy, falsely accused and framed Professor Liu Chongle, and carried out all kinds of insults and persecution. Under the long-term destruction, they died on1969 65438+1October 7 at the age of 68.
With the smashing of the Gang of Four, the scientific community saw the light of day again, and Professor Liu Chongle's unjust case was completely rehabilitated. We should always remember this bloody lesson and never allow the historical tragedy to repeat itself.
In the spring of science, on the way to the four modernizations, we miss Mr. Liu Chongle!
Honest and rigorous Professor Liu Chongle and his tragic experience
Author: Cai Hengsheng
In a nursing home in Mayfair, Connecticut, USA, there lies an old China woman with severe Alzheimer's disease. She hardly knows her relatives, including her children and grandchildren. She is 97 years old and has experienced all the sorrows in the world. She is so tired that she should have a rest. The nursing home environment is quiet and clean, and the staff take good care of it. Her retired son visits her every week. Four grandchildren have worked, three are married, and she has several great-grandchildren. It's time for her to live a comfortable old age. She is Ms. Shi Huiyuan, and I call her Aunt Liu. Her husband is Liu Chongle, a famous entomologist in China, one of the founders of entomology in China, a former first-class researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Liu Bobo is from Fuzhou, Fujian. 190 1 was born in Shanghai on September 20th, and 1969 1 died in Beijing on October 6th. 1920 graduated from Tsinghua University, 1922 obtained an agricultural degree from Cornell university, and 1922- 1926 studied entomology at Cornell university and obtained a doctorate. 1926 After returning to China, he successively served as professor and head of biology department of Tsinghua University, professor and head of biology department of Northeastern University, professor and head of biology department of Beijing Normal University, professor of Tsinghua University Agricultural Research Institute, head of entomology department of Tsinghua University Agricultural College, professor and head of entomology department of Beijing Agricultural University, and director of entomology research institute of this school. After the founding of New China, he was transferred to the Institute of Insects and the Institute of Zoology of China Academy of Sciences as the director. He used to be the vice president of Kunming Branch of China Academy of Sciences, the first director of Kunming Institute of Zoology, the director of Entomology Society and the editor-in-chief of Journal of Entomology. For the first, second and third National People's Congress. Long-term engaged in biology teaching, biological control, resource entomology and insect philology research. Great achievements have been made in the cultivation of entomology talents and the collection of books and documents. It has contributed to the investigation, research, utilization and expansion of new production fields of resource insects, especially lac insects in China.
Uncle Liu is a colleague and good friend of my father (Academician Cai Banghua). 1953, my father was transferred from Hangzhou Zhejiang University to the Institute of Entomology of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Since then, the two research institutes of entomology and zoology have merged into the Institute of Zoology, and they have been working together, respecting and supporting each other until the Cultural Revolution broke out in 1966. The Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences was the hardest hit area during the Cultural Revolution. At that time, the average age of researchers in the Institute of Zoology was over 47, ranking first in the Academy of Sciences. Liu Zhongyang, a group of rebels in the Animal Institute, took the Animal Institute as a typical example, engaged in fascist dictatorship, and turned the leaders of hospitals such as Pei, Qin, Du Runsheng and almost all the old scientists in the Animal Institute, such as Tong Dizhou, Chen, Cai Banghua and Liu Chongle, into reactionary academic authorities of the bourgeoisie and kept them in the bullpen of the Animal Institute, from 13 floor to 14 floor. At that time, Liu Bobo, who was nearly seventy years old, was suffering from severe diabetes, swollen and faltering, but he was still escorted to the countryside to participate in the labor in Sanqiu. My father repeatedly told these rebels that Liu was dying and had to be taken to hospital. But these people are human beings and have no ideas. My father later recalled the past with grief and indignation, so he watched his old friends leave. According to the person who told the scene at that time, Mr. Liu often did not have enough to eat. Once, he was so hungry that he picked up a few corn kernels that fell to the ground and was beaten to vomit. Then, the rebels ordered him to take the wooden bridge. A generation of famous artists just staggered and disappeared from the wooden bridge with a grimace of a grin. Even more distressing, at the same time, his youngest son, Liu, who graduated from the Physics Department of Peking University, fell from the building of the Institute of Physics and died. At that time, Aunt Liu was really crying and heartbroken in the face of this sudden disaster. She really regrets it. On the eve of liberation, Liu Chongle received an invitation from Stanford University to teach there. At that time, Liu Chongle and his brother Liu Chonghong were both professors in Tsinghua University. He teaches in the biology department, while Liu Chonghong is a professor in the history department. His brother decided to go to Taiwan Province Province, thinking that what he did was useless. Liu Chongle loved science and the motherland all his life and had a good impression on New China. I'm a little hesitant about deciding whether to stay or not. Aunt Liu remembered her nephew He Xiuxiu's close relationship with * * * and asked him for advice. He Zuoxiu, an underground party member at that time, of course advised them to stay. I didn't expect that a short trip would leave a long regret, and now it is in ruins. Liu Chonghong went to Taiwan Province Province and is the head of the history department of Taiwan Province Provincial University. People always respected him, and he lived to be in his nineties. That's why Liu Bo's mother came to the United States alone when she was rehabilitated in her sixties, and finally she went through a lot of hardships to immigrate her eldest son's family of six to the United States. She will never let her children and grandchildren get hurt again. This is another story.
Since 1950s, on the basis of accumulating rich basic knowledge of entomology, Liu Bobo has initiated the research of resource entomology in China in close connection with the needs of economic development. Actively engaged in the application and development research of predatory natural enemy insects; The utilization of parasitic bees and flies has contributed to the comprehensive management of pests in agriculture, forestry and horticulture in China, and is one of the founders of biological control of pests by using natural enemy resources in China. Since 1955, he has been paying attention to the research of lac insect, which is an important raw material for China's industry and national defense. When the imperialist countries imposed an embargo on New China, the source of lac was very difficult. During the period of 1955- 1958, Liu Chongle was the leader of Yunnan lac expedition jointly organized by Chinese and Soviet Academy of Sciences, and led 100 more than Chinese and Soviet scientists, relevant industrial departments in China and scientific and technological workers in Yunnan Province to conduct comprehensive investigations for many years, which made fruitful contributions to artificial stocking of lac insects, expanding production areas and increasing production. 1956, Yunnan lac task force of Sino-Soviet Academy of Sciences was renamed Sino-Soviet Yunnan biological resources investigation team. In addition to lac, investigation and research have been extended to flora and animal and plant resources. Animals include insects, fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds and mammals. Many new discoveries have been made in the above investigation, which proves that Yunnan has a wide variety of animals, complex fauna and rich resources. The reputation of "animal kingdom" has been confirmed by the scientific community, which has made fundamental preparations for the establishment of professional zoological research institutions in Yunnan.
Liu Bobo loved entomology research all his life. In the early stage, wasps were the main ones, and in the middle and late stage, ladybugs, parasitic bees, flies and spiders were the focus. He is studious, knowledgeable, proficient in foreign languages, and has extensive research on insect literature. He is rigorous in his study style, conscientious in his work, strict with himself and tireless in teaching others, and is widely respected by his colleagues. There are two things that prove Liu Bobo's behavior. 1July, 927, Zhu Ziqing wrote a famous essay "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" on the campus of Tsinghua. There is such a passage in the article: "There are also one or two lights in the gap between the trees. What is listless is the sleepy eyes. At this time, the most lively things are cicadas in the trees and frogs in the water ... "In the 1930s, a reader surnamed Chen wrote to Mr. Zhu Ziqing that" cicadas don't bark at night ". Zhu Ziqing asked his colleagues around him. Unexpectedly, most of his colleagues agreed with the reader's point of view, knowing that they should not scream at night. But it doesn't seem authoritative enough, so Mr. Zhu wrote to ask Mr. Liu Chongle, an entomologist. Mr. Liu has read all kinds of books about insects and has no personal experience. A few days later, he took out a book and said to Zhu Ziqing, "I finally found this paragraph!" " The plagiarized article says that cicadas don't bark at ordinary nights, but on a moonlit night, the author clearly hears them barking. The second thing is that in the autumn of 1926, 10, Li Ji, known as the father of China archaeology, found a dark brown object similar to a peanut shell in Yin Xi Village, Xia County. This is a half-cut cocoon shell. The cocoon shell is about 65438 0.36 cm long and 65438 0.04 cm wide, which has been partially corroded. Li Ji, who presided over the excavation at that time, attached great importance to this, but no second one was found at the excavation site. Around half a cocoon, Li Ji asked Liu Chongle, a professor of biology in Tsinghua University, to identify it. Although Liu Chongle did not dare to conclude that it was a cocoon, he did not find evidence to the contrary. Because the cocoon shell is much smaller than the cocoon shell domesticated in Yin Xi Village now; It doesn't look like it was put in later, because the buried position is not under the pit, and the earth color around the cocoon shell has no traces of interference; Of course, it will not be occasionally vomited by wild silkworms, because it has sharp cutting marks, and this half cocoon is artificially cut. Therefore, Liu Chongle preliminarily concluded that it was mulberry cocoon, and the cutting surface was caused by a sharp blade. The semi-cocoon was identified as a kind of silkworm, which proved that China people knew how to raise silkworms and spin silk in the prehistoric Neolithic Age. 1928, when Li Ji revisited the United States, he specially took this semi-cocoon specimen with him and asked the Smithsonian Institution for help. The naturalist there helped him identify the cocoon shell as belonging to the old ancestor of silkworm, which confirmed Liu Chongle's judgment. In many later academic works, Li Ji mentioned "half cocoon", and he was always cautious about it. He just made some inferences, put forward the thinking direction, and did not make a clear conclusion. From these two things, we can see that Liu Bobo's rigorous attitude as a scientist is not like some people exaggerating in the Great Leap Forward era, blindly demonstrating that an acre of land can produce 10,000 kilograms of grain. What's more, it's not like some people in China today who engage in academic corruption, practise fraud and steal fame. Science is honest learning. As a scientist, you should first be an honest man and study.
Liu Bobo has been away from us for almost forty years, and he has written a lot in his life's educational and scientific research career. He has published 53 papers in Chinese and foreign journals, written 6 academic monographs and 2 translated works. His personality, his outstanding contribution, his experience and his death can't make our future generations deeply reflect?