1934 16 In April, the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union passed a decision to award the title of "Soviet hero" to the relevant personnel in recognition of individuals and collectives who have made heroic feats for the country.
1936 On July 29th, the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union adopted the Regulations on the Title of Soviet Heroes.
1939, 1 In August, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decided to set up the "Gold Star Medal" to award "Soviet Heroes" who made heroic feats for the country.
1973 The newly revised Regulations on Heroes of the Soviet Union stipulated that those who won the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" were awarded the highest award of the Soviet Union-the Lenin Medal, the special meritorious medal "Gold Star Medal" and the presidium certificate of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
The "Gold Star Medal" is made of gold with a purity of over 90%. The five-pointed star is 30mm in diameter and weighs 2 1.5g, with the words "Soviet hero" engraved on the back. Venus is set off by a pure silver bracket with a purity of over 90%. It weighs12.186g, and is rectangular with a red silk lining in the middle, symbolizing the red flag. The whole medal weighs 34.264 grams. Each gold star medal has a number, which is the same as the number of the certificate issued by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union or the Supreme Soviet.
According to the Regulations on the Title of Soviet Heroes promulgated by 1936, a person can only get the title of "Soviet hero" once. Those who have made significant meritorious service again will be awarded the second Gold Star Medal, but the Lenin Medal will no longer be awarded. The gold star medal can be won up to three times. For those who won the second gold star medal, the government built a bust bronze statue for them in their hometown.
1980, the Soviet union revised the regulations on the title of Soviet hero, and cancelled the stipulation that the Lenin medal could only be awarded once and the Venus medal could not exceed three times. Every time he won the title of "Soviet hero", he was awarded the Medal of Lenin and the Medal of Venus.
Most of the first people who won the title of Soviet hero were pilots.
1934 was awarded the title of "Soviet hero" for the first time on April 20th. Seven Soviet pilots, led by Vodopyanov, won this honor. They contributed to the successful rescue of the crew of the Arctic expedition and the icebreaker Cheryushki.
The eighth Soviet hero was gromov, an outstanding pilot. Flying continuously for 75 hours, with the range of1241km, won the prize in 1934.
1936, three pilots, including Chekalov, won the title of hero for flying from Moscow to the Far East continuously.
19361kloc-0/The commander of the Soviet Red Army who participated in the Spanish Civil War became a "Soviet hero". They are all pilots, including three foreigners.
At the beginning of 1940, 15 people collectively won the title of "Soviet hero". They are the crew of the icebreaker George Seedorf. From 1937, they drifted in the Arctic Ocean ice area for 8 12 days, creating a record in human history. The whole army or all crew members collectively won this honor, unprecedented.
The first infantryman who won the title of "Soviet hero" was Koladze, the division commander of Moscow Motorized Division. He won an award in 194 1 for organizing the defense of the Belejin River.
Before World War II, a total of 626 people won the title of "Soviet hero", including 3 women.
By June 22nd, 194 1, five people had won the Gold Star Medal twice.
In the history of "Soviet heroes", two people have won the "Gold Star Medal" four times, which means they have won the title of "Soviet heroes" four times. One is zhukov and the other is Brezhnev. Under the condition that the upper limit of three "Gold Star Medals" is still valid, zhukov was awarded the fourth Hero Medals as an exception. Brezhnev loved vanity all his life. He awarded himself four "Gold Star Medals" and had a "hero addiction".
The vast majority of "Soviet heroes" were born in the Great Patriotic War. During the war, a total of 1 1635 people won the title of "Soviet hero", accounting for 92% of the total number of people who won this title.
At the beginning of the war, the problem of life and death in the Soviet Union was sharply put before the whole nation. But in the first year of the war, only a few dozen people won the title of hero, and all of them were in 194 1 July-10. Later, when the Germans arrived at the gates of Moscow, the decision-making department didn't even have time to consider awarding prizes. After the German army was defeated at the gates of Moscow, the award ceremony resumed.
During the war, heroes came forth in large numbers.
Kogdubb, deputy head of the Soviet Air Force, once shot down 62 enemy planes, and the title of hero belongs to him.
Leonov, a famous Soviet one-armed pilot, was injured and lost his left arm after shooting down several enemy planes in the Battle of Kursk. After recovering from his illness, he strongly demanded to return to the blue sky and go to the front to kill the enemy. Leonov participated in more than 50 single-handed battles. His deeds have been written into countless books about war. However, leonov won the Gold Star Medal only after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. In the decades after the war, he actively participated in national construction in his hometown and refused to mention his glorious history. People in my hometown got to know this legendary hero from the introduction of books and museums, and gave him great honor and love. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, he met the commander of that year at a gathering of veterans. The general asked him, "Why don't you get the Dai Jinxing Medal?" He replied, "I didn't!" The general said with emotion, "We all thought you were dead. You have been awarded the title of "Soviet hero". The decision was made by me. " In this way, it took the hero more than 40 years to put on that admirable medal.
The legendary hero, no wonder. 1944 announced that the third Gold Star Medal was awarded to Major gulayev, an air force pilot, and the second Gold Star Medal was also awarded to several pilots. But they didn't win the prize in the end because they made trouble in a restaurant in Moscow the night before they won the prize. The order to award the prize was cancelled.
Among those who won the title of Soviet hero during the Great Patriotic War, 35% were soldiers and junior officers, 6 1% were school officials, and 3.3% (380) were generals.
During the war, not only regular soldiers but also many guerrillas won the title of heroes. The first guerrilla hero was Bumashkov, the guerrilla captain and political commissar of the "Red October" in Belarus. Zoya was the first among 87 Soviet heroines who won the title of hero during the war.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet heroes not only experienced economic difficulties, but also suffered a mental blow, because the Soviet Union for which they fought bloody battles no longer exists. These heroes lead a simple life. The state gives them certain preferential treatment. However, due to Russia's economic difficulties, prices soared in previous years, and it was difficult to maintain life only by pensions or allowances, especially those soldiers and junior officers who returned to their hometowns to participate in economic construction after the war. The Russian government has repeatedly raised the subsidy standard for Soviet heroes. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the Russian State Duma passed the relevant bill again, and decided to raise the pension standard of Soviet heroes to 4 15% of the basic level of state pension, which is roughly 2 100 rubles (1 USD is about 32 rubles).
The new generation has long been indifferent to the war years, and they have less respect for heroes or even some incomprehension. The saddest thing is that some people even steal or rob the medals of Soviet heroes and then sell them in the market. A "Gold Star Medal" can often sell thousands or even tens of thousands of rubles. Heroes seem to be helpless about this change of social concept.
But these heroes are not depressed, they still live a strong and optimistic life. They don't regret their past efforts. They said that we are fighting for peace and human progress, and maintaining peace is the common voice of mankind. When the motherland needs it, it is our duty to rush to the front.