The origin of the lunar calendar
In the lunar calendar, the moon wanes once a month for 29 and a half days. For the convenience of calculation, the big moon is customized for 30 days and the small moon is customized for 29 days. During the period of 65438+mid-February of a year, generally, large and small months are arranged alternately. There are about 365 days in the lunar calendar year, and there is no difference between a normal year and a leap year.
The lunar calendar does not consider the movement of the earth around the sun, so the changes of the four seasons in the lunar calendar have no fixed time and cannot reflect the seasons, which is a great shortcoming. In order to overcome this shortcoming, people later decided on a new calendar, which is the so-called yin-yang desk calendar. The summer calendar (also called lunar calendar or lunar calendar) still in use in China is this kind of lunar calendar. Like the lunar calendar, it customizes a month according to the time when the moon wanes, that is, 30 days in the big month and 29 days in the small month, but it also adopts the method of adding leap months to make the average number of days in a year close to that in the solar calendar to adjust the four seasons. The lunar calendar has a leap month every two or three years.
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Li Xia Zhou Li Qin Li
It is a common calendar in China from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty. All take 365.25 as the year of return, but the beginning of each year is different: the first month of the lunar calendar is the beginning of a year; The weekly calendar is different from the monthly calendar, which starts with 1 1 month of the lunar calendar. The four seasons are different. Among the ancient books in the pre-Qin period, Chunqiu and Mencius often use resumes, while Chuci and Shilu Chunqiu use multi-calendars. After Qin Shihuang unified China, based on the Zhuan Xu calendar, the year began with the establishment of the Moon (that is, October in the summer calendar), but the collocation of spring, summer, autumn and winter was exactly the same as that in the summer calendar. Since the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty switched to the summer calendar, the corresponding monthly construction of the above three calendars is listed as follows:
Confucius said that the ugly month in silver moon, Uzuki and Chen Yue has passed in the afternoon, but the month is not there. In Shen Yue, there is a month, a month and a month.
November, December, January, February, March, May, June, July, August, September and October.
The first month of the week, February, March, April, May, June, August, September, October, November and December.
The first month of the Thai calendar is February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, November and December.
When reading ancient books, we should pay attention to the different months. For example, in the Book of Songs. There is a sentence in "Fufeng in July", which means "The second day, the ice is urgent, and the third day, it is in Lingyin", to the effect that "in February and March, the ice is cut into the river and hidden in the ice cave". According to the summer calendar, February and March are already the spring season, so it is impossible to store ice. The weekly calendar is used here. February and March of the week calendar are the December and the first month of the summer calendar, which are the cold season and the time to store ice. This poem is used in both summer calendars and weekly calendars. To distinguish, the summer calendar uses "July" and "August"; For example, the weekly calendar uses "the first day" and "the second day". In the "Thirty-seven Years" section of Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, there are two records; "October is ugly, and the first emperor will go"; In July, the first emperor collapsed on the sand dune platform. As we all know, there is only one October and one July every year. /kloc-how to travel in 0/0? This is also the reason why calendar records are different. Sima Qian lived in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. China used the summer calendar in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. But the Qin calendar was used during the reign of Qin Shihuang. Sima Qian used it to record the events of the Qin Dynasty, so the above situation appeared. If you change to the Qin calendar, October in the summer calendar is the first month of the Qin calendar, and July in the summer calendar is October in the Qin calendar. This year, Qin Shihuang traveled in the first month and crashed in October, a total of nine months. This is easy to understand.