When Dourgen was fifteen years old, Huang Taiji forced his mother Abahai (from Ulan Nala) to be buried for Nurhachi. Dourgen's biological mother's name is Abahai, Ulan Nala, and she is the daughter of Ulan Bellemain Tai. She was born in the 18th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1590), thirty-one years younger than Nurhachi. In November of the 29th year of Wanli, at the age of twelve, she married Nurhachi and gave birth to three sons for Nurhachi: Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo. In his later years, Nurhachi was the most favored person and was named big princess. Nurhachi gave three flags to her three sons respectively. However, at the age of 37, this unfortunate beauty died because of Nurhachi's illness. (Original text of Qing history: Fei Da, the daughter of Nora and Ulabelle Mantai. Xin Chou, 12 years old, returned to Mao. The filial piety queen collapsed and became big princess. In July of the eleventh year of Destiny, Taizu fell ill and bathed in Tangquan. The illness gradually worsened. He returned from Taizi River by boat, called big princess out to meet him and entered Hunhe River. Geng Xu, ship times chicken fort, collapse. Xinhai, big princess martyrdom, 37. Martyrs are concubines. Concubine III: Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo. [1]) Dourgen was only 15 years old when his parents died. The untimely death of parents is the greatest misfortune of young Dourgen, which has a far-reaching influence on his life growth and political career. Juvenile accessory sign

In the second year of Tiancong (AD 1628), in the vertical year of his mother's death, Dourgen followed his brother Huang Taiji into the Chahar Department of Mongolia. Dourgen has the meritorious military service and defeated the enemy in Aomuleng. Huang taiji named him "Morgan Daiqing". This year, Dourgen was only 16 years old.

During the reign of Huang Taiji, Dourgen participated in almost all major battles and gradually became a famous military commander. In the battle against Daling River City, he personally took the lead and reached the gate of Daling River. The artillery battle on the city was fierce, and the 8 Jin Army suffered heavy casualties. Afterwards, Huang taiji angered his subordinates for not listening to dissuasion and said, "Morgan Daiqing also rushed in. If there is negligence, hell to pay will not be tolerated! " When attacking Jinzhou City, he took the lead and rushed ahead. Ming Zu Dashou's army fired from Jinzhou Chengtou to the south, and Hong Chengchou's army fired from the south to the north. Dourgen was attacked and almost killed. (Original text of Qing history: Since the siege of Daling River in Shanghai, Dourgen was trapped in the battle, 100 more soldiers of Ming army fell into the ditch. It is imperative to blame the generals for not blocking it. ) After Zu Dashou surrendered, Dourgen talked to him about the danger at that time, and Zu Dashou said, "Is there such a thing? If the cannon hits the king's mount, the consequences will be unimaginable! " Dourgen said: "At that time, the two enemies were enemies, fearing that they could not hit."

Clearly put forward the strategy of "destroying Ming". In the seventh year of Tiancong (A.D. 1633), Huang Taiji discussed with Baylor and his ministers the plan of further rejuvenating the country and asked them which came first, Chahar or North Korea. Dourgen argued that this was the first question to be clarified. Starting from the strategic purpose of shaking the foundation of Ming rule and then seizing the national political power, he suggested that Huang Taiji should rectify the military forces every year, go deep into the Ming territory when the millet was ripe, besiege Yanjing to intercept its reinforcements, destroy its bunkers and consume its national strength. (Original text of Qing history: Zhao asked which was the first move, the Ming Dynasty, Chahar or North Korea? Dourgen said, "We might as well rectify the military forces, enter Yanjing when the grain is ripe, stop their reinforcements, destroy their bunkers and let them sit for a long time." ) Dourgen's strategy was adopted by Huang Taiji. Because the area outside Shanhaiguan was still heavily guarded by the Ming Dynasty, the Eight Banners army bypassed Mongolia, crossed the Great Wall and went deep into the Ming Dynasty many times, ravaging the land people, which caused a heavy blow to the Ming Dynasty.

Attack and destroy the Chahar Ministry of Mongolia and obtain the national seal. When the latter Jin conquered and appealed to the Mongolian ministries, only the Chahar Ministry headed by Lidan Khan refused to surrender and always took the attitude of confronting and dealing with the latter Jin. In the eighth year of Tiancong, Lidan Khan died of smallpox in Qinghai Caotan. Taking advantage of this favorable opportunity, Huang Taiji ordered Dourgen and others to lead 10,000 chosen men to the Hetao area of the Yellow River in February of the ninth year of Tiancong, and appealed to the Chahar Department. The March went well, and the wives of Li Dan Khan, Sack Fukui and Tai Su Fukui, and the son of Li Dan Khan, Hongxing Erke Congo Gore, surrendered one after another. Li Dan Khan once received a decree handed down from the Yuan Dynasty, which read "Patent Treasure" and was presented to Huang Taiji by Dourgen. Therefore, the ministers invited Huang Taiji to be honored as the emperor. Dourgen was also named Prince He Shuorui, and he was more valued.

Support Fu Lin.

In the eighth year of Chongde (AD 1643), on the ninth day of the eighth lunar month, Huang Taiji died suddenly in Shengjing harem. He had no heir. Therefore, the county king Addali and Bei Zishuo persuaded Dourgen to stand on his own feet as emperor. Dourgen killed Addali and Yi Shuo, and together with the kings, Baylor and his ministers, Fu Lin acceded to the throne. Zheng Qinwang Gilhallang and Dourgen assisted the government. When Fu Lin was old, he immediately returned to the government. The plan broke the deadlock. Dourgen has the tail from wagging the dog. Although he didn't get the throne, he was not a loser in this struggle. Because of the establishment of 6-year-old Fu Lin, all the real power was in his hands. He negotiated with Girard Lang to depose King Baylor and remove him from six departments. In the first month of the first year of Shunzhi, it is forbidden to give gifts to Baylor, the kings of the Qing Dynasty. Jill Harlan ordered the ministers to ask Regent Dourgen to play first, and when writing the name, Dourgen did it first. So Dourgen began to dictatorship and became the actual supreme ruler of the Qing Dynasty.

Lay the foundation for Beijing

The emperor shunzhi came to power, Shanhaiguan chaos. In March of the 17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1644), the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng, which was growing in momentum, conquered Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park (now Jingshan), ending the Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years. The news reached the Qing court, and the ruling and opposition parties shook. The ruling Dourgen decided to enter the customs immediately and compete for political power. At this time, Wu Sangui, the company commander of the Ming Dynasty who had surrendered to the peasant rebels and was guarding Shanhaiguan, was angry because the rebels invaded his house. Li Zicheng got the news, and on April 13th of the first year of Shunzhi, he led the troops with Liu Zongmin. Wu Sangui expected to be defeated by peasant rebels, so he asked the Qing Dynasty to send troops to help him. On April 21st, the first year of Shunzhi, the peasant rebels arrived at Shanhaiguan and fought fiercely with Wu Sangui. On the morning of April 22nd, the first year of Shunzhi, Wu Sangui was on the verge of defeat, so he went through the customs to visit the Regent Dourgen of the Qing Dynasty at Weiyuantai on Huanxiling, and once again asked the Qing army to join in the aid. Dourgen immediately ordered the Qing army to enter the customs in three ways and stormed the peasant rebel positions. The insurgents were outnumbered and Liu Zongmin was injured, so Li Zicheng had to order a retreat and return to Beijing on April 26th of the first year of Shunzhi. On April 29th, the first year of Shunzhi, Li Zicheng held an accession ceremony in Wuying Hall. On April 30th, the first year of Shunzhi, he withdrew from Beijing in the name of worshipping heaven in the suburbs. On the second day of the fifth lunar month in the first year of Shunzhi, the Qing army entered Beijing. [3] In the first year of Shunzhi, in June of the lunar calendar, Dourgen and Baylor ministers decided to move their capital to Beijing (called Yanjing).

The Qing Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing not only to suppress the Central Plains and dominate Kyushu, but also for the strategic consideration of withdrawing from the customs. The Qing court led by Dourgen believed that in order to "progress", the capital must be moved to Beijing, and only by occupying this pass can the whole country be unified and "a cause with a lasting foundation be established." In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), the Qing Dynasty began to move its capital on August 20th of the lunar calendar. In September of the first year of Shunzhi, the emperor shunzhi went to Beijing from Shengjing (Shenyang), named Dourgen as his uncle's regent, and gave him mink and python clothes. The Ministry of Ritual was ordered to erect a monument for Dourgen, and gave Dourgen a book treasure, a black fox crown decorated with thirteen oriental pearls, a black fox fur, gold and silver, horses and camels. On the tenth day of the tenth lunar month in the first year of Shunzhi, the emperor issued an imperial edict to the whole country in Huangjimen (renamed Taihe Gate in the second year of Shunzhi), and the Qing Dynasty officially made Beijing its capital, beginning the rule with Beijing as its capital for more than 260 years. [4]

Unify the central plains

After the Qing army entered Beijing, on October 19th of the first year of Shunzhi, Dourgen appointed King Azige of England as General Jingyuan, and led more than 30,000 people, including Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, King of the Day, to bypass Shaanxi from Datong and attack Dashun Army. Prince Heshuo was appointed as a general, and led Gong Wang Kong Youde and Huai Shun Wang Geng to enter the south of the Yangtze River. Since Li Zicheng has been trying to reverse the decline of Dashun Army in Shanxi and Henan, since 10/2, he has counterattacked Huaiqing (now Qinyang, Henan Province) and even defeated the Qing army in Baixiang Town, killing the company commanders Jin and others. [3] When Dourgen heard the news, he was desperately attacking the Hong Guang regime in Nanming, turned to the west, first lifted the siege of Huaiqing, and then crossed the Yellow River from Henan, forming a north-south attack with King Aziz of England, and two Qing soldiers attacked Dashun Army at the same time. Li Zicheng was advancing Liu Zongmin, Liu Fangliang and other elite troops to the north to prepare for a decisive battle with Aziz's army in northern Shaanxi. On the 15th day of the 12th lunar month in the first year of Shunzhi, he attacked Shanzhou (now west of Sanmenxia, Henan Province) and headed for Tongguan after Lingbao defeated Dashun Army. Li Zicheng rushed to Tongguan after hearing the news. In order to ensure the victory of this campaign, the Qing army supplemented Gushan, Zhenashan and Malaxi in Zhou Pu, Shanxi (now northwest of yongji city, Shanxi), assisted the Qing army in Tongguan, and deployed red cannons to strengthen its equipment. The Qing army and Dashun army fought fiercely in Tongguan. In the second year of Shunzhi (AD 1645), the South Road Army led by Duo Duo defeated Dashun Army in Tongguan. At the same time, the Northern Route Army led by King Azig of England is also in full swing, and it is just around the corner to join forces with Xi 'an. Li Zicheng, flanked by the north and south, abandoned Xi and fled south, left Lantian, took Shangzhou (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province) and moved to Huguang area. In February of the second year of Shunzhi, Dourgen ordered Aziz to continue to pursue the Dashun army. In March of the second year of Shunzhi, Liu Zongmin led his Dashun army to occupy the empty Wuchang, followed by the Qing army, and besieged Wuchang. On April 23rd, the second year of Shunzhi, Liu Zongmin led his Dashun army to abandon the city and break through, and was ambushed by the Qing army. General Liu Zongmin was wounded and captured, and the Qing army strangled him with a bowstring. Prior to this, Li Zicheng led some Dashun troops to retreat to Tongcheng from Hanyang via Jiayu and Puyin. On May 17th, the second year of Shunzhi, Li Zicheng was killed by local villagers while worshipping God at Xuan Di Temple in Jiugongshan, Tongcheng County, at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, and the Dashun regime was destroyed. [5]

Reuse Han people

When the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, everything was ready. Dourgen ordered officials to resign, recruit talents and accept pity for the urban poor. At the suggestion of Tang Ruowang, the calendar was revised and named Li Shixian. Relying on Han officials Fan Wencheng, Hong Chengchou and others, the Third Hospital was changed into a cabinet, and a university student was set up to exercise the duties of the original Ming cabinet. It inherited the "quasi-ticket" system of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the cabinet drafted the memorial for the emperor to review and make a decision in this chapter.

Reduce corvee and tax.

In May of the first year of Shunzhi, after Dourgen entered Beijing, he announced that he would levy a thin tax from the first year of Shunzhi. The order said: "Three salaries were implemented in the Ming Dynasty. In addition to the three salaries, several trainings and salary reductions were added. The last ten years, the farthest twenty years, so that the people are in dire straits. There are more food and materials, and more names are called. Various private factions take advantage of the people. Today's agreement with the people, where the positive amount is added, will be deleted. If an official does not obey, he will be found guilty. " [2]

Get rid of bad politics

After Dourgen entered Beijing, he also ordered: "Since the Ming Dynasty was in trouble, Diao Fengri competed for an organization to sue, hurting money and ruining customs! From now on, they will be transformed. Before the second day of May of the first year of Shunzhi, he was exempted from punishment. Those who break the law will commit their own crimes. Tian, marriage, fighting details, there is a report. There are major cases, according to the confidentiality of the case, not allowed to appeal to Beijing. If the litigant framed a good citizen, he committed the crime of litigant. " [2]

Destroy dissidents

Haug, the prince of Su Wu, the eldest son of Qing Taizong, is the prince of Su Feng. At the beginning of Shunzhi, Prince Su resented Dourgen's refusal to make him emperor. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), on the fifth day of April, who was entrusted to invade Prince Dourgen in Gushan? When Dourgen accused the prince of purgatory of Chou He's crime of watching fake movies, he regarded Haug as an "evil conspiracy", deprived him of his aristocratic status, abolished Haug as Shu Ren, and his party Russia and Mu Ke all died. The minister praised kindness, waited for flattery and waited for death. In October of the first year of Shunzhi, the kings were sealed and knighted again. In the third year of Shunzhi, Dourgen sent Hogg as General Jingyuan and sent troops into Sichuan to suppress Zhang's army of the Western Expedition. In February of the fifth year of Shunzhi, Haug returned to Beijing triumphantly without a grand welcoming ceremony. Dourgen had a grudge against Hogg, who was imprisoned for harboring his subordinates, taking military merits and promoting the sinner Yang Jiwei. In March of the fifth year of Shunzhi, Haug died in prison. Dourgen married Hogg Fujin. (See Biography of Qing History [6] for details.)

Change the hairstyle of Manchu, change the clothing of Manchu.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Dourgen gave the order of "shaving and changing clothes". The Qing court made it clear that all Han people had 10 days, and wherever the Qing army went, it was necessary to waste the clothes of the Ming Dynasty and follow the dress custom of the Manchu people to shave their hair and weave their hooves and arrows. The execution of offenders aroused strong resistance from the people of the whole country, and many people gave their lives for it.

Occupy houses and walls

After the Qing army entered the customs, it forcibly distributed the land of Gyeonggi to the nobles of the Eight Banners for free on the grounds that the war in the late Ming Dynasty caused a large number of ownerless land, which caused a large number of people surrounded by land to be displaced and the society became more turbulent.

In the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was the capital, and a large number of Manchu officials and people moved to Shanhaiguan, distributed in Beijing and Gyeonggi areas. In order to solve their livelihood, Dourgen ordered two things: First, hundreds of thousands of Han people in the inner city of Beijing (also known as the North City) were forcibly moved to the outer city (the South City) to make room for the Qing royal family and the officers and men of the Eight Banners. Although the Han people gave a little money for moving, it was not enough to buy a house and build a house. Many Han people are bankrupt or displaced. There is also horse racing in Gyeonggi area. The Qing court sent officials to ride horses, pulled open the ropes issued by the Ministry of Housing, and occupied the fertile land of the people with vertical horse circles, commonly known as "horse racing covers an area." Nominally, it occupied uninhabited wasteland and distributed it to princes and nobles and officers and men of the Eight Banners. In fact, it is to occupy a lot of land of farmers for free.

Play a fugitive

In the Qing dynasty, the wealth of princes and banners did not engage in agricultural production. They set up a farm on the enclosure. Due to the lack of labor, they implemented the policy of forcing people to "invest" and recruited farmers to serve them. Many Han Chinese did not want to leave their homes or go bankrupt, so they joined the Eight Banners as slaves. Their situation is very tragic, which has caused a lot of escape problems.

Dourgen enacted a law prohibiting slaves from escaping, which stipulated that those who escaped should be arrested and flogged a hundred times and returned to their original owners; The hider was punished and his property was confiscated; Neighbors, each with a hundred lashes, exiled far away. This practice of wanton involvement and excessive punishment has had serious consequences in society, which of course runs counter to Dourgen's thought of "Man-Han family".

The honor and disgrace behind it

In the seventh year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1650), in August of the lunar calendar, Dourgen paid homage to his mother's wife Ulan Nala, who was honored as "filial piety, dedication, benevolence and praise for Tian Li" and enjoyed only the ancestral temple.

In the seventh year of Shunzhi (AD 1650), in November of the lunar calendar, Dourgen went hunting outside Gubeikou. I fell off my horse while hunting. In December of the seventh year of Shunzhi (AD 65438 +0650 65438+February 365438 +0), Dourgen was born in Kara City outside Gubeikou at the age of 39. The funeral of Shunzhi Wen. Wang took clothes outside Dongzhimen and greeted Dourgen for a drink. The next imperial edict, conferring Dourgen as "Emperor Maud cultivated a wide range of industries, made contributions to the people's government, and sincerely respected righteousness", and the hall number was Chengzong. In the first month of the eighth year of Shunzhi, Dorset was honored as the righteous queen. Just enjoy the ancestral temple.

Dourgen, who had no children, was given to Dourgen, the son of Prince Yu, the late attacking prince, and his salary was three times that of other kings. And appointed Dourgen's attendants Zhan Dai and Suksaha as ministers of state. In February of the eighth year of Shunzhi, when Suksaha and Zhan Dai told "Dourgen", their maid Urkuni was going to be martyred. Please put the eight supplements made by Dourgen into the coffin. Dourgen wanted to usurp the throne when he was alive. "

Tan Tai, the real figure of Gushan, also said: "Dourgen took the king Su Fujin and ordered the son of the king Su Fujin to shoot first. He Luohui cursed." Therefore, Prince Xun Mandahai, Jirlalang, Wang Kan, Prince Duan Zhongluo and other ministers said: "In the past, Emperor Taizong was right, and princes and ministers were loyal to each other and supported the emperor. The emperor was celebrating the New Year, and asked Prince Dourgen of Switzerland and Minister Gil Harlan to assist the government. After Dourgen monopolized the power, Jill Harlan was not allowed to interfere in the state affairs, and Dourgen's mother and younger brother were regarded as auxiliary political uncles. He swore an oath, arrogant, and called himself the Regent, the father of the emperor. He framed and coerced Prince Su to let him die, and then took his property and his princess. Jumping into the ancestral temple is even more ridiculous. I didn't dare to swallow my voice before, but now I risk my life to play and have to deal with it again. "

Shunzhi wrote a letter, stripped Dourgen of his title, removed Miao Xiang, abolished posthumous title, Empress Xiao Liewu, Miao Xiang, deposed the imperial clan, confiscated property, and returned his adopted son Dourgen to Prince Yuzong.

In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign, Emperor Gaozong wrote: "Prince Dourgen of Switzerland was regent for one year, and Wei's father was a specialist. After his death, his family was convicted and unsealed. At the beginning of Dingding, Wang Shi unified all the people into the customs, destroyed the capital of the Central Plains, and made great contributions. Today, its territory is barren, and the waste of future generations is extremely pitiful. It was handed over to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for repair, so that the ministers could pay homage on time. " In the first month of the forty-third year of Qianlong, the imperial edict was issued: "Prince Dourgen of Switzerland swept away the thief's wind and eliminated the palace ban. Send kings to hunt down robbers and solve border problems. The scale of creation has been drawn. Feng Shizu's visit to the capital became a great cause of reunification, with the most outstanding achievements. He was framed behind his back by Suksaha, and the first charge was framed for rebellion. At that time, sai-jo had never kissed the government, and was convicted by the king and sealed by the prince Rui. I miss Wang Ruoguo's vision. Why can't military power be seized? It didn't use the situation at that time, and it didn't use it until later. The more dragons are used, is it reasonable to prove that they are salivating? Every time I read A Record of Sai-jo, I always cry for Prince Rui. Prince Rui's original intention was loyalty and righteousness, and he felt the sense of justice of mercy and compassion. How can we not avenge Prince Rui's unjust imprisonment? It is appropriate to restore the title of Prince Rui, pursue loyalty and enjoy in the ancestral temple. According to the "Prince's Garden Sleeping System", during the Spring and Autumn Period, a mausoleum was built to worship the Taichang Temple. Your highness is hereditary. " [2]

2 personal life editors

Dourgen's physical quality is not rough and strong in TV dramas and movies. He is a thin and sickly man. He suffers from wind disease and often feels dizzy. Dourgen loves sexual desire and sexual intercourse. Records of the Historian record six wives and four concubines.