On the outskirts of Athens before 320 BC, you can often see an old man in his sixties, accompanied by more than a dozen young people, strolling in the Woods, or sitting on a big stone beside a valley stream, having a heated discussion.

"Teacher, can you tell me something about the major premise, minor premise and conclusion of syllogism ..."

The old man stroked his beard and said slowly, "We Greeks have a very interesting proverb: if your wallet is in your pocket and your money is in your wallet, then your money must be in your pocket." Isn't this a complete syllogism? " …

As the Athenians all know, it was Aristotle who taught his advanced class at Lv Keang College.

Aristotle's father was a court doctor in Macedonia. Aristotle was sent to the famous Plato Academy by his father when he was 0/7 years old, where he studied for 20 years. Because of his diligence and extensive knowledge, he was highly valued by his teacher Plato. However, Plato added, "Put the reins on Aristotle." Aristotle is very clever and quick-thinking, which is different from ordinary people. Without discipline, you can't be what Plato expected. Aristotle respects his teacher very much, but he has his own independent thinking and opinions on many issues. He once said, "I love my teacher, but I love truth more."

In college, Aristotle often argued with Plato, and sometimes the teacher's questions were too difficult to answer. He disagrees with Plato's idealistic view that real existence is regarded as "the idea of man". He put forward the problem that a tree is a tree. A tree grows from seeds and bears fruit. What's the point of leaving the real tree and leaving only the concept of the tree in your mind? Later, Aristotle finally abandoned many of Plato's idealistic views. He believes that the objective material world is eternal and is not produced by any concept. First of all, we have all kinds of triangular things in real life, and then we have the concept of triangle in people's minds. Algebra and geometric laws are abstracted from natural phenomena. He also believes that life and the world are in motion, and there is no time, space and matter without motion. These all have certain dialectical views. However, when Aristotle encountered some unexplained phenomena, he still wanted to help the teacher with some idealistic views, which often made him contradictory and wavered between materialism and idealism.

Aristotle left the college after Plato's death. From 343 BC, he worked as a teacher for the then Macedonian Crown Prince Alexander. After Alexander succeeded to the throne, Aristotle came to Athens to run a school.

First of all, he proposed that young students must be educated in three aspects: intellectual education, moral education and physical education, and proposed a hierarchical academic system. He advocated that the state should set up primary schools for children aged 7 to 14 to learn gymnastics, Chinese, arithmetic, painting and singing. The state should set up middle schools for young people between 14 and 2 1 to teach them history, mathematics and philosophy. Physical education is to cultivate strong physique, while moral education is to cultivate self-esteem and brave and bold character. He also advocated that young people should continue to cultivate outstanding elements after graduating from middle school. Therefore, he founded Lv Keang Academy. This school is one of the main centers of scientific development in ancient Greece.

King Alexander is very supportive of Aristotle's education, and it is said that he has provided 800 gold talons (60 pounds of gold for each talon). Aristotle established the first library in Europe in the college, which contained many books on natural science and law.

Alexander also ordered the whole country that any strange animals caught by hunters and fishermen should be sent to Aristotle. Biological research is carried out in the research institute, and various animals are often dissected. After numerous dissections, teachers and students have found a rule: the more advanced an animal is, the more complicated its physiological mechanism is.

Aristotle's knowledge is very profound. After teaching, he also wrote many works: tools, logic, physics, politics, rhetoric, metaphysics, poetics, etc., involving philosophy, logic, psychology, ethics, politics, history, physiology, aesthetics, physics, zoology, etc. It is worth noting that his knowledge is systematic and classified, and it is analyzed, inferred or summarized from the basic knowledge, thus forming a system. He is the founder of formal logic. His logic formed a system in the European ideological circle two thousand years ago.

Before Aristotle, science was still in its infancy, and Aristotle gave birth to this fetus. The culture before the Greeks explained every mysterious change in nature with supernatural power, and it was the role of God everywhere. One of Aristotle's brilliant achievements is that he can organize science into an orderly and huge system with broad mind and courage.

However, Aristotle supported slavery. He thinks that it is "natural and reasonable" for some people in society to be slaves and others to be masters, which shows the class limitations in his thought.

In 323 BC, after Alexander's death, the Athenians strongly opposed the rule of Macedonia. Someone reported Aristotle, Alexander's teacher, and prepared to arrest him. Aristotle's students got the news in time, helped to escort the teacher, escaped from Athens and took refuge in Aristotle's hometown of Kalkas, British Columbia. The next summer, the great thinker and philosopher died in a bleak situation.