[Problem solving process]
These three schools are divided into gold:
1. Technically, this is a political struggle within the ruling class, especially between the supreme rulers.
2. From the material basis, this is because the feudal economic forces represented by officials and officials exceeded the opportunity for the three slave economies based on the system to be divided into Jin.
Golden Sanfen is an epoch-making event in Chinese history. It broke the once strict boundary between princes and doctors for the first time in the history of our country (Tian is yet to come), which can even be regarded as the forerunner of the famous "princes and princes will have seeds" in the history of China later. Therefore, Sima Guang took this as the beginning of his own annotation when compiling Zi Tongzhi Jian. I have always been reluctant to part with such a powerful country, which was eventually consumed in the Warring States and finally destroyed by Qiang Qin. I often wonder whether history has given A Jin a chance not to split. Now I want to talk about my own views on this issue.
First of all, the contingency mentioned here means that the state of Jin may eventually be monopolized by nobles like Qi, rather than being divided up by three ethnic groups like historical facts. It is inevitable that the official position of Jin State will be replaced by nobles with different surnames.
After Zhao persuaded the Han and Wei Dynasties to turn their backs on their ambitions, the situation that the three tribes were divided into Jin was basically formed. Prior to this, according to the development of the situation in the state of Jin, people of insight in various countries had already seen the end of the state of Jin finally falling into the hands of nobles with different surnames. "Twenty-nine Years of Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong" records that the son of Wu sent an envoy to the State of Jin and said to Zhao Wenzi (Wu Zhao), Han (Han Qi) and Wei Xianzi (Shu Wei): "The State of Jin is the crown of the three clans!" At the same time, my uncle, who advised the Jin government to support ordinary people and abide by etiquette, said, "I must think for myself and avoid the heavy." The predictions in Zuo Zhuan are mostly based on later facts. So people at that time really thought that the division of Jin was inevitable, and they were not sure. Coincidentally, in addition to the records in Zuo Zhuan, archaeologists also found a prediction about the demise of the State of Jin from the underground, and the person who predicted it was the famous Sun Wu. 1in April, 972, bamboo slips were unearthed from the Han tomb in Yinshan Mountain, Linyi, Shandong Province, which included a dialogue with Sun Wu about the situation in Jin State.
"The prince of Wu asked his grandson,' Who will die first and who will succeed him?' Sun Tzu said,' Fan, Zhong.
Fine. Just die first. "When is the next time?" I knew it was the second time. "Which one is it?" Han and Wei came second. If Zhao doesn't change his old ways, the state of Jin will return. "
……"
Omitted is Sun Wu's analysis of Liu Qing's land tax system. He thought that Zhao's system was the most relaxed and won the hearts of the people, so he predicted that if he didn't change his system, he would eventually take the State of Jin as his own. This prediction can't be found in the handed down literature, but is obtained from the literature unearthed underground. Its source is the bamboo slips buried in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, and the predictions recorded in this paper are not completely consistent with the later facts, so it seems that it may not have been revised by later generations. Therefore, at that time, people thought that the State of Jin was finally replaced by a nobleman with a different surname like the State of Qi. According to the general law of the dispute between officials and doctors in vassal States, it is very likely that Zhao, Han and Wei became stronger and ate the other two. But in the end, Zhao, Han and Wei lived together peacefully after the defeat of the Zhi family. In the end, everyone carved up the state of Jin and became a vassal. Why is this happening?
According to my analysis, there are external and internal reasons why Zhao did not dominate the state of Jin as predicted by Sun Wu. The external reason is that Scott has always been at the center of the vortex of the dispute between the six ministers. First of all, he fought with Fann and BOC, and almost lost Zheng Qing (Zhao Yang) in Zhao Jianzi. Then (Zhao T-shirt) went against Zhishi, who was defeated by Zhishi and Korea and Wei. If he didn't talk about the contradiction between Zhishi and Han and Wei, he said that he opposed Korea and Wei and destroyed Zhishi, and Zhao would even be destroyed. After all this, Zhao's strength has been weakened a lot, and it will take a long time to recover. At this time, neither Han nor Wei took the initiative to find Zhao's trouble, so the three families did not attack each other. Of course, this should also be related to the fact that the three families have always been relatively harmonious. Han and Zhao have always been friendly, and Wei and Zhao have no contradiction. Maybe it is not impossible for the three families to have a tacit understanding. From the internal factors, Zhao was in charge when the three schools lost their minds. Zhao Xiangzi is the illegitimate child of Zhao Jianzi, and his mother is his first daughter. He was the lowest philosopher in Zhao Jianzi, so he was made an heir by Zhao Jianzi because of his talent. At that time, the patriarchal clan system prevailed, coupled with the differences between China people and foreigners, Zhao Xiangzi's position in the family was of course unstable. In the end, he failed to make his son an heir, but made his eldest brother the son of Bolu, which was probably a last resort. In order to consolidate his dominant position in the family, Zhao Xiangzi must spend some time. Of course, he has no energy to fight Han and Wei at the same time. Scott should be satisfied that the two families didn't bother him. In addition, in order to recover quickly after the war, Zhao may have changed the relatively loose tax system before, and no longer has the prerequisite of "not losing the law" as Sun Wu said, so Sun Wu's prediction will not come true. The above is my view on the reason why the state of Jin was divided up by three families instead of one.
Finally, talk about the influence of Jin Sanfen on the historical development trend of the Warring States Period. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin has always been the number one power, which can be said to be "one pole dominating the world". Not only in the Central Plains countries, no country can challenge the status of Jin State, even the southern Chu State has fallen behind. If the state of Jin is not divided and blocked on the road of Qin's eastward advancement as a powerful country, I'm afraid Qin has no room for development at all. Moreover, according to the development trend of the situation at that time, the final outcome of the small country in the Central Plains must be annexed by the State of Jin, and other second-rate powers basically have no chance to intervene, which is in line with the "Matthew effect." Perhaps everyone will say that the prospect of national development during the Warring States period lies in political reform, not in the original strength of the country. Then let's look at the political reform at that time. During the Warring States Period, all countries had political reforms, which were first presided over by Li Kui of Wei, and received good results, forming a situation in which Wei Huiwang dominated the country in the early Warring States period. It can be said that the Sanjin reform is at the forefront of all countries. The famous figures of political reform, especially the representatives of legalists, all came from Sanjin. Moreover, Jin was famous for its ability to reform in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is also the reason why Jin was able to dominate the world in the Spring and Autumn Period. In order to strengthen their own strength, nobles with different surnames in Jin also have the tradition of political reform. Therefore, if the three Jin Dynasties did not attack each other frequently and weaken their own strength, the whole State of Jin would have developed into a superpower during the Warring States Period, and might have become the finisher of the cause of reunifying China. Zhao, the most likely to inherit the unified state of Jin, was also very powerful during the Warring States period. Although there are no powerful candidates like Qin, Qi and Chu to become pioneers in the era of unifying the whole country, there is also a pioneering work like Khufu Riding and Shooting, which is the military force that can best confront Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. However, the territory of Zhao was too far north, so the advanced ideas of the Central Plains could not be introduced in time, and eventually it fell behind politically and economically. The biggest beneficiary of the division of Jin State is undoubtedly Qin State, but it is a pity that China's cultural heritage has suffered huge losses.