Ren's Yang Guang is highly praised for attracting talents, winning people's hearts and appointing talents. Since then, Yang Guang has done three great things in the stable period of Sui Dynasty, when he was only 19 years old. First, the Turks were broken in the north. It was the Sui Dynasty and the Turks who fought two big battles for a long time. For the first time, Yang Guang's main task was to prevent Turks. He worked hard and defeated Khan. He was divided into two parts. The second time, Yang Guang personally commanded, forcing Dulan Khan to death, and won a great victory, officially confirming his hegemony in East Asia. So, he became a military force in Nanping, and asked the viceroy to lead 500 thousand people to attack Chen. With the help of two famous generals, Su Yang and Gao Ying, they broke through the barrier of the Yangtze River in one fell swoop. For the people, "autumn is no offense", but for the Ministry of Finance of Chen Chao, "nothing to take". At this time, "the world is recognized as virtue" and the great cause of reunification has been completed. Finally, it is to appease Jiangnan. North and South have been divided for too long. Sui did not get rid of the conqueror's mentality, but took drastic measures. People in Jiangnan are generally dissatisfied. After the emperor was in office for ten years, the old-fashioned resistance broke out. Yang guang was ordered to go to Yangzhou as general manager. After putting down the rebellion, he stayed in Jiangdong for 10 years. His main achievement is to pacify people. Yang Guang fully respected Jiangnan culture and recruited talents, so that the people in Jiangnan could get rid of humiliation and accept the rule of Sui Dynasty.
When Wendi died, Yang Guang was 34. At this time, a great event happened, and Yang Liang rebelled. Yang Liang, the fifth son of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, is very popular. When Emperor Wendi was in power, he handed over the relieving power to him, and he has been in charge of the fifty-two states of Beiqi. Not only that, Emperor Wen of Sui was afraid that he was poor and allowed him to make money, so Yang Liang was really fierce and ambitious. During the period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Yang Liang planned to strengthen its armament for a long time to prevent Turks. Shortly after his death, the imperial edict of Emperor Wendi changed greatly, mobilizing 300,000 troops. Yang guang rushed to fight, only tens of thousands of people, outnumbered. Coupled with Yang Guang's unstable political situation, the enthronement ceremony has not yet been held, so Yang Guang has no political advantage here. Yang guang knows how to use good people under unfavorable circumstances. He successfully suppressed the rebellion within a month.
Shortly after Yang Guang became emperor, at the age of 35, he built Luoyang City and the Grand Canal. At that time, Yang Guang had an imperial edict: first, to appease the needs of the unstable eastern region. When Yang Liang rebelled, there was a rebellion in the Nineteenth Kyushu, which flourished in the West. In order to curb emergencies, it is necessary to establish the capital and strengthen management. The second is to appease the needs of Jiangnan. Yang Liang's rebellion also reflects the instability of Jiangnan, and Luoyang should be restored to deter Jiangnan. Third, convenient transportation. Daxing is located in Guanzhong Plain, with desolate west and rich east. Therefore, in order to establish Guanzhong as the capital, Kanto had to support all kinds of materials, mainly food. But it is too difficult to transport grain to the east, because Sanmenxia is the channel for transporting grain to the east. When there is a disaster, you have to flee, Luoyang will not. If Luoyang is the capital, the Quartet can react at any time and coordinate all parties, so that development can be balanced.
As for the construction of the canal, the first is the political stability in the south. Sui Dynasty was composed of Northern Zhou Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, but it was not stable. Once the south rebelled, the central government must respond. At that time, the central government was in Xi 'an, which was called Daxing. This is because there is not enough information. Transporting soldiers is also very troublesome. At that time, everything was transported by water. This is more powerful than humans and animals. Yang Guang, who has been in Yangzhou for ten years, fully understands this. Therefore, it is necessary to build the eastern capital, respond to the south in time, and sail the river to transport troops in time. Second, the economic development of the South. In addition to transporting troops, food can also be transported from the south to the north. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Jiangnan was sparsely populated. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the south had advanced tools and technologies, and Jiangnan became a land of plenty, occupying a large share in the national economy and becoming the fastest growing economy. In this case, it is necessary to build a canal for economic reasons. He knew this well and decided to build the canal.
Yang Guang was 37 years old when the canal was opened. He can't wait to book a cruise ship.
This kind of behavior is called "extravagant wind, extremely luxurious" in later generations, but let's take a look at what Yang Guang did in Jiangnan besides traveling: Yang Di mainly did it for two years, one was to appease Jiangnan, and the other was to show off cultural relics. Let's look at the first thing, to appease Jiangnan: please the local people first, and issue an imperial decree in October to forgive Jianghuai for going south and grant Yangzhou five years of rent-free land. It can also be exempted for three years within its jurisdiction. Then please ask Chen's original royal family and Chen's imperial children to do their best to return to Beijing. Although Chen is dead, his political influence still exists. This made Chen's descendants identify with the Sui regime. Finally, please invite Buddhists who are willing to consolidate their rule by religion. The second thing is to show off cultural relics: every time Yang Guang travels, his etiquette is 20 miles away, which conforms to the etiquette tradition and is particularly glamorous. At that time, Yangzhou people regarded northerners as barbarians. A trip to the south of the Yangtze River showed their culture, and they were convinced of this Sui culture prevailing in northern China. Swimming in the canal is the pulse, and political foresight is vividly displayed.
After these projects that benefited later generations, Yang Guang initiated the imperial examination system. In the second year of Daye, Yang Guang established the Imperial Examination Department, stipulated the imperial examination system, broke through the monopoly of aristocratic families, and played a role in restraining the gate valve. Expand the source of officials and provide opportunities for a large number of humble civilian landlords and intellectuals to participate in politics; The imperial examination system closely linked reading, examination and being an official, which improved the cultural quality of officials. The imperial examination centralized the power of selecting talents and appointing officials from local predators to the central government, which greatly strengthened the centralization, was conducive to the stability of the political situation, had a far-reaching impact on China's later generations, and was later used by successive dynasties. But it also touched the interests of the clan at that time, laying a curse for the clan rebellion at the end of Sui Dynasty.
At the age of thirty-nine, Yang Guang sent his troops to destroy Gu Hun. From the Silk Road to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains had no time to take care of the Western Regions, and this place was once again subject to the nomadic regime. Compared with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Andy wants to revive his glory and send troops to the west to explore the territory for thousands of miles, starting from the east bank of Qinghai Lake in the west, reaching Tarim Basin in the west, Kuruktag Mountain in the north and Kunlun Mountain in the south, and implementing county-level management. Make it under the rule of the Central Plains. This is a place where no formal administrative region has been established in past dynasties.
The following year, Yang Guang personally inspected the west of Hexi Corridor. Yang guang was in office in 14, but his time in Chang' an was less than 2 years, and his time in Luoyang, the eastern capital, was less than 4 years. The rest of the time is to cruise around and supervise the work. This time, Yang Guang turned his attention to the West. In his view, the most direct way to understand the western regions is to see them in person, so he made this trip to the western regions. Yang, from Guangxi to Qinghai, crossed Qilian Mountain, crossed Dadouba Valley to the north, and reached Zhangye County in Hexi Corridor. Since ancient times, the west has been a bitter and cold place, and the natural conditions and environment at the border of the desert are harsh. On the way, Yang sleeps outdoors, covered with snow and ice, and the temperature is below zero all the year round. Most of the soldiers froze to death and most of the accompanying officials were separated. Yang Guang is a mess, too. He suffered a lot on the road. Yang's voyage to the West lasted for half a year, passing through Qinghai and Hexi Corridor. In the ancient history of China, Yang Guang was the only one who went to the northwest as an emperor.
Because of the western expedition, Yang Guang was able to further expand his territory, set up four counties, namely Heyuan County, Xihai County, Shanshan County and Qiemo County, and sent people to reclaim land. Incorporate Qinghai and parts of Xinjiang into the territory. It surpassed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in territory. Secondly, the opening of the new Silk Road and the original mutual arch have made the exchanges between the Central Plains and the Western Regions more frequent. After Yang Guang arrived in Zhangye, the monarchs of the twenty-seven western regions and Mitchell appeared before each other one after another, expressing their obedience, which was a world-wide initiative.
Of course, Yang Guang's aggressiveness and excessiveness are also his shortcomings. Yang Guangdong was 43 years old when he levied Koguryo, but as early as the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, conquering Koguryo was the established national policy of Sui Dynasty. After sweeping the north and southwest, Yang Guang turned his attention to the east. At this time, Yang Guang was arrogant and inflated, and a large number of bands, religious figures, harem, foreign envoys and others took the army to fight Goguryeo. As a result, he suffered heavy losses. In order to save face, Yang Guang hastily launched the second Crusade. This time, Yang Guang once again responded to his previous fame style and made painstaking efforts. Just as he was about to win the final victory, Yang Xuangan rebelled in the rear. Yang Guang had to rush back to the army to fight back against the rebellion and successfully defeated the rebels.
At the end of the turmoil in the Sui Dynasty, 48-year-old Yang Guang suffered a mutiny and could not return to heaven. Although there was chaos and rebellion at that time, most parts of the country were still loyal to Yang Guang, and the influence of the imperial court was still enormous. Most important towns in this country are still under the control of the imperial court. The rebels were isolated in some remote cities and counties, and the rule of the Sui Dynasty was far from complete collapse. Yu Wenhuaji and others said before they called the king, "Although the Lord has no way, your majesty is fine, and your highness will die, just like Dou Xian killed his ear." This sentence also proves from the side that Yang Guang still had great prestige and power before his death and still had the strength to punish defectors all over the country.
After the Henan uprising, Yang Guang did not go north to Chang 'an, but stayed in Yangzhou for a long time. It is not that he is vilified as described in the propaganda, but that he is deceiving himself, escaping from reality, and wholeheartedly enjoying his old age in Yangzhou. Yang guang's idea is very clear. At this point, he has lost control of suppressing the northern rebels. The situation in the north is too dangerous. Turkic, Koguryo, Tang Yuan, Luo Yi, and countless peasant armies all pose a threat to Luoyang. It's safer to stay in Jiangdu than shivering at the gate of hell. In case the situation in the north is completely out of control, it can be as safe as the Yangtze River natural barrier in the south of the Yangtze River. Unfortunately, an unexpected mutiny broke Yang Guang's plan. Yang Guang died in a mutiny in Yangzhou, Yu Wenhuaji. Sui was not killed by foreign enemies and peasant troops, but was wiped out by Xiao Qiang. Unfortunately, Huang Da died in the Sui Dynasty.
On the whole, Yang Guang is definitely an emperor with ideals, courage, achievements and talents, but his extravagance is reviewed in history.