I asked similar questions about these reckless but lucky generals. I will repost this for you. The answer is really wonderful: one. Let's first look at whether Cheng and jy really exist in history, and if so, what kind of people they are: 1 and Cheng do exist. Also known as Cheng Zhijie, Biting Gold is his real name, and he is from Dong 'e, Shandong Province (where donkey skin and navel are famous). In the official history, Cheng is a general who is brave and good at fighting, not afraid of death, and has a certain foresight. But he also has the weakness of bloodthirsty and easy to kill. Please look at an example: Cheng was once Shi Mi of the Ministry at the earliest. Shi Mi selected 8,000 people from the army to form the "Four Commandments" of the fine tax troops. Shimi once said, "These 8,000 people can be millions." Cheng was the general manager of four ancient generals. Later, when fighting with Wang, he broke through and rescued his comrade-in-arms Pei Hangyan. At that time, he was holding Pei Xingyan who was seriously injured. They were hit by the pursuers as soon as they rode, but they just turned around and smashed the enemy's gun and killed the pursuers. Later, after the Tang Dynasty. He once "defeated, captured Dou Jiande alive, surrendered to the king and led a general Ma Jun". Every time you go first, you will be honored by your achievements. "That is to say, he has participated in many major battles, but as a senior cavalry commander (the commander of the first cavalry division is left, equivalent to the commander of the first cavalry division. In ancient times, the left was the biggest, so it was the first), that is, when besieged, I often boarded the city wall and became the captain of the death squad. It can be seen that he is brave and good at fighting, not afraid of death. On the other hand. When Cheng and Du were under the king's hand (after Shi Biao failed, he defected to the king), he said privately, "The world is too shallow and narrow, and there are many lies. Just call names. This is the ear of the wizard's old woman. Is it the main thing to stir up chaos? " In other words: "Wang is a narrow-minded guy, but he believes in cults." He likes to play spells and witchcraft from time to time. This guy is a witch and an ignorant old lady. How can he be a hero who pacifies the world? " And he later went down to the Tang dynasty, which was related to his understanding. In addition, after his death, the then Prince Li moved his cronies to other places one by one in order to deal with it. Cheng was appointed as the secretariat of Kangzhou, but he didn't go to his post. He said to Li Shimin, "Your Majesty's arm will not be removed today. He will die soon. Knowing that the festival will not die, I am willing to be self-sufficient. " , that is, "Your Majesty, today most of your cronies, brothers and subordinates are either built or killed or demoted or placed as officials. If this situation continues, they will deal with you soon. I won't go to Kangzhou this time, but I will die. I hope you can find a way to save yourself as soon as possible. " His opinion is the same as that of Li Shimin's famous counselor Sun Chang Wuji. It can be seen that he is farsighted. As for the evidence of bloodthirsty and easy to kill. He used to be the commander-in-chief of the former enemy in the Congshan area (the commander-in-chief of the March on Congshan Road) to encircle the rebel He Lu. However, when the local conference semifinals opened the gate and came out, Cheng ordered the massacre, so that He Lv got the news and fled. He killed him at the news that he was besieged by He Lv, which shows that he is bloodthirsty and easy to kill. (The above examples are taken from Xu Shen's Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Volume 72, Biography 18, Biography of Cheng Zhijie) 2. Niu Hao is a real person with a wide word, from Ruzhou City, Henan Province (Lushan County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, I don't know who it is). In the official history, Niu Hao was a brave general who was good at ambush and guerrilla warfare. Let's take a look at Comrade Niu Hao's resume, achievements and honors: A. Gao Qiu, a drama thief, Jin Yang, went to Lushan Mountain, won three out of three wars, and the thief party was destroyed. (The comrade served as the captain of the defense team to suppress bandits near his hometown, winning three times in a row and defeating gangsters.) B. Jin people attacked Jingxi again, winning more than ten battles. Ambassador of Guo Jia. (In the initial war against gold, he won more than ten consecutive victories and served as the team leader of Guo Min. C. The Jin people attacked Jiangxi, returned from Jingmen North and stationed in Baofeng Song Cun, and were defeated. When the invading army of Jinkou fled from Jingmen area to the north, this comrade made great achievements and won the battle of Song Cun. He was promoted to deputy regiment level and chief of staff of the Army of the National Guard, and concurrently served as the regional military and political chief) D. He also fought against Jin Bo in Dengjiaqiao, Lushan Mountain and failed. Turn west and ask for help. (The comrade returned to his hometown to fight against the famous Jin Kou and defeated the enemy in the battle of Dengjiaqiao. He was promoted to the captain of the recruiting brigade of Zhengtuan West Road. E. The puppet troops invaded Jin, set an ambush and waited for Danxia. When the enemy soldiers heard that all the people were coming, they fell asleep and caught their chief Zheng Wuer. Qian 'an government observer (Qi puppet regime attacked our liberated area on a large scale with the support of Jinkou). Based in Danxia Mountain, this comrade laid an ambush in the dangerous zone. Although there were many enemy soldiers, they finally entered the encirclement set by this comrade and captured the enemy commander Zheng Wuer alive. Be promoted to the division level of Anzhou military and political chief) F. If you win against the enemy, you should add a pro-doctor Wei (because you attacked Jinkou with soldiers, you were promoted to the staff of the General Staff) G. Jin people attacked Huaixi, flew high across the river, and raised their own troops. At that time, the puppet army rode five thousand thin Luzhou, and Gao Yao said to Jinjiang, "Why is Niu Hao guilty here?" Everyone was startled and collapsed without a fight. Fei said to Gao, "I'll chase it, but it's no use going back." After more than 30 miles of high pursuit, the Jin people practiced killing halfway, beheading their deputy governors and five people from thousands of households, and ten people from hundreds of households, which greatly inspired the army. In the struggle against gold, under the correct leadership of Comrade Yue Fei, a famous commander in chief of our country, this comrade made many meritorious deeds and won awards. Once shouted at Jinkou in a battle: "Your grandpa Niu is here, how dare you attack?" Make the enemy flee without fighting. In the subsequent pursuit, he killed the enemy commander 1 man, five teachers and dozens of heads. Hui obtained Jiangxi and Hubei, and was ordered by Xiang and Han to fly to the Central Plains. Fei was very happy, so he was appointed as the peace envoy of Tang and Deng Zhi in Yunzhou, and sought to change his command in the army. Comrade Yue Fei, a famous commander in China, once said kindly, "Niu Hao is a good comrade." ) 1. On the last day of the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, the generals ruled the Shi Tian Middle School Congress. Highly toxic, anxious to return. Relatives said: "Sixty-one years old, an official is a servant. Fortunately, this is not enough. I hate peace between the north and the south. I don't want to wrap my body with a horse, but I care about my death. "Die tomorrow. Or Qin Gui poisoned Gao Yun. During the twenty-five years of turmoil, Comrade Niu Hao was persecuted by the counter-revolutionary clique in Qin Gui. In A.D. 1 148, Tian Shizhong was poisoned by the counter-revolutionary group in Qin Gui while presiding over the meeting of representatives of the whole army at or above the corps level. Facing the danger, Comrade Niu Hao said: "I have arrived at 6 1 this year, and the official has also become the commander of the garrison military region. There is nothing to regret. I only hate making peace with Kim. I can't die on the battlefield, but I die under the window for nothing. "Comrade Niu Hao's life is a life of fighting, invincible. He boldly played guerrilla tactics and was one of the excellent guerrilla commanders in China. (Niu Hao's deeds are based on Yuan's History of the Song Dynasty (Volume 368, Biography 127, Biography) 3. Jy in Li Kui has no record at least in the official history. Two. Literary images of cheng, yu and yu. Since the image of an adult cow in historical facts is quite different from that in literary works, it is necessary to talk about why. I think: 1. First of all, Cheng, Niu and Li are all civilians (Cheng is from the joint defense, Niu was an archer at first, not to mention jy, and the author naturally shaped them into typical civilians. 2。 In order to set off the elegance of the Lord, there must always be a reckless subordinate as a foil, and these three are the best candidates to be "green leaves". 3。 If "green leaves" are not green enough, "safflower" is not red enough. If these three people don't show recklessness, love to make trouble, and even a little timid, they can't set off the cleverness, justice and courage of the protagonist. Therefore, the greener the three green leaves, the better. 4。 The ancients in China paid attention to "writing to carry the Tao", and they always talked about the truth no matter what the article was. Some unsuccessful works often tell these so-called truths in the author's language, which destroys the integrity of the works. With the crotch of Yue Fei, Niu Hao, Song Jiang and Li Kui jy, we can put these principles on the dialogue and actions of two people without destroying the integrity of the works. For example, in the forty-seventh chapter of Yue Biography (the tiger general who captured the rebels alive called him handsome and gave him a flag), he said, "I won't go. Wendi is peaceful and doesn't need us. When the swordsman started fighting, he came to us to fight for him, but he was happy in the palace. " Yue Fei said, "My good brother Hugh said so! Since ancient times, there has been a saying that I dare not die if I want to die. You and I have both eaten Lu Jun, and this situation is real. We need to achieve something and make a name for ourselves. Why don't we die of old age? As an important figure in the book, his words and deeds sometimes lead to the clues of the whole book. For example, in the seventy-first time of The Water Margin (the hero of Song Gongming's water margin has a second long-cherished wish), Li Kui jy shouted "Woo-woo, woo-woo, woo-woo." Later, it was tantamount to helping readers ask the same question: since the heroes are all in Liangshan, why did they recruit that bird? So Song Jiang told a truth, which is equivalent to explaining to readers why he wanted to recruit this bird. In this way, the theme of the water margin driving Liangshan unconsciously shifted to the theme of wooing. It can be said that from 7 1 to 82 times, Shuihu began a story about how to courtship and how to seek love. 6。 People who wrote novels in ancient times were mostly ill-fated or thought they were ill-fated, and it was inevitable that they had some grievances. If they use the main characters in their novels to vent their grievances, they can't escape the ridicule of "improper mind" and even the disaster of literary inquisition. So they borrowed the mouth of these rude people and said something they wanted to say. As mentioned in the previous two examples, the "Emperor Wen" in central China needs peace, so he wants us to fight for him. "He is very happy in his palace". Li Kui jy's "Zhao An" and "Telling the Tang Dynasty" chapter 21 (You Junda has a heart, and the brave man does not want a golden helmet), Cheng said that the emperor: "... what kind of emperor can a disloyal and unfilial dog head be?" Why don't you kill him and let others be emperors ... "There are traces of this. 7. Moreover, it is a humorous effect. If the whole book is full of cautious and shrewd characters, the novel will inevitably be boring. Adding such characters will make the novel more lasting and fascinating. Since they are such important characters in the novel, I'm afraid their easy death will make the novel impossible to finish. Therefore, they often become "lucky" generals who have been defeated repeatedly (setting off the protagonist) but are safe (making the novel interesting). And if they die in the novel, it must be a grand finale, or the end of a staged grand finale. In the novel, Niu Hao's death is a grand finale of his defeat of Jin Wushu. Li Kui jy died in the last part of the book, which is a big ending; The death of Zhang Fei, a similar figure in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was also a staged finale, because from then on, the part with Cao Liu's struggle as the main line ended and the part with Zhuge Sima's struggle as the main line began. 9。 By extension, such characters can be found in all kinds of novels. Not only Cheng and jy, Zhang Fei in The Romance of Three Kingdoms, Zhu Bajie in The Journey to the West and Yang Jiajiang all have their shadows. Granny Liu in a Dream of Red Mansions, Hu Weishi in Lao She's Four Generations under One roof, and Watson in Sherlock Holmes in the west all have their traces. Sometimes, this character even rises to the leading role, such as Ah Q in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q and Wei Xiaobao in Jin Yong's The Duke Of Mount Deer. (I had a hard time typing) If you want to see more detailed or other answers, you can visit the website:/b/b/6043667.html.