George Catlett Marshall (1880.12.31~1959./kloc-0.16), a five-star general in the US Army, was a military strategist.
Marshall was born on February 3, 654381,and was born in Unington in 880. He is the youngest child in the family, with a brother and a sister on it. Marshall Sr. is the chairman of a coke oven company and owns a coal mine with abundant reserves in Pennsylvania.
Marshall didn't study well when he was young and always came last in the exam. He later admitted that at the age of 9, he decided that he was destined to be "the inferior student of the whole class." His father was very disappointed with him and often disciplined him with a wicker whip. But it didn't make his academic performance better.
Old Marshall has a soft spot for the army and hopes that his son can become an officer. The clever eldest son seems to be able to realize his father's dream He was admitted to the famous Virginia Military Institute with excellent results. But he doesn't want to join the army. After graduation, he transferred to a steel plant and became a chemist. The father had to pin his hopes on his younger son, but the younger son was useless. Can such a dull child be admitted to a decent military school?
At this time, Marshall suddenly became ambitious and repeatedly asked his parents to send him to his brother's alma mater, Virginia Military Academy. He later admitted that he wanted to go to military school so much, not because he liked the army, nor because he wanted to put on the army and pretend to be the limelight, but because he wanted to be better than the pretentious brother who laughed at him in all aspects.
1In September, 897, 16-year-old Marshall entered Virginia Military Academy. As soon as he entered the school, he was tested by his old classmates. Old students routinely let him hang on the floor 10 minutes, and the bayonet was fixed directly below. He has just contracted typhoid fever and is weak. He didn't persist for a few minutes and sat on the tip of the knife. His hip was injured and he was bleeding profusely. He was taken to the doctor's office for emergency treatment, but he never said the cause of the injury. His behavior won everyone's approval, was respected in the military school, and stood firm.
Marshall gradually fell in love with military school life. He became a corporal at the end of the first grade and a captain two years later. He is the student conductor of all the big ceremonies in the school. His voice is like Hong Zhong's, and his face is dignified, giving orders is very intimidating.
190 1 year, Marshall graduated from the military academy with the eighth place, joined the army at the end of the year, and was awarded the rank of second lieutenant in the army the following year and sent to the Philippines. Before he left, he married and fell in love with the beautiful girl Elizabeth Colescott. The bride has a heart attack and can't go with him, so she stays at home.
At this time, 35,000 American troops were stationed in the Philippines to maintain some kind of "peace" and the war had slowed down. The young lieutenant served for two years and did not take part in the battle, but he experienced the test of jungle environment and epidemic disease. His prudence and fairness were highly appreciated by his superiors.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/903, Marshall returned to the United States and was sent to Fort Reno, Oklahoma. My wife is in poor health and still can't go with him. Marshall's outstanding performance in Renoburg was noticed by his superiors. 1906 was selected and sent to Fort Leavenworth for further study. The students are all officers above the captain, and he is the only second lieutenant. A year later, he won the qualification for further study with the first place. At this time, his wife moved to Fort Leavenworth to live with him. However, her illness prevented her from living a normal married life with her husband and having children. Nevertheless, Marshall and his wife have always loved each other, and outsiders think their married life is perfect.
Marshall was soon promoted to lieutenant. At the beginning of this century, there were few opportunities for promotion in the American army. Marshall kept this ranking until 19 16. At this time, he was 36 years old. In 14, he became an officer and changed jobs. He went to the Philippines twice and joined the National Guard twice. Wherever he is, he is praised by his superiors. He is willing to endure hardships, proficient in the art of war, resourceful, loyal and reliable. But he's still a lieutenant. His boss, General Hagood 19 16, wrote in the report on the ability of officers: "Marshall should be appointed as a brigadier general in the regular army. If he delays his appointment for one day, the army and the country will suffer a day's loss. " However, the Officers Promotion Committee only appointed Captain Marshall.
1965438+On April 6, 2007, the United States declared war on Germany and participated in the First World War, which has lasted for three years. General Sebert formed the Army 1 Infantry Division and was transferred to Marshall as the temporary lieutenant colonel of the General Staff. 1 the infantry division took the lead in landing in France in general Pershing's American expedition.
On the front line of France, as the staff officer of the General Staff of the Division, his task is to report the situation of the frontier positions to the division command post, check the deployment and supply, and maintain the morale of the troops. He carried out his task meticulously and spent most of his time at the front. He often patrols this position on foot alone. He gradually got used to the sound of guns and learned to go forward bravely. Hearing the roar of shells, he would instinctively lie down in the mud. Like other soldiers, he is most afraid of one thing, that is, he doesn't know which shell will poison himself.
Because of his outstanding performance in the forward position, Marshall was promoted to temporary colonel and transferred to the General Staff of the American Expeditionary Force in Meng Xiao.
1918165438+10. World War I ended in Germany's defeat. Pershing, commander-in-chief of the American Expeditionary Force, became a hero in America and Europe. Marshall was transferred to the assistant to the commander in chief. He accompanied Pershing to a series of celebrations in Paris.
In Paris 10 months later, 19 19 September 1, Marshall triumphed with General Pershing in the United States. After the soldiers of the victorious dynasty were warmly welcomed, everything was calm. Marshall's temporary wartime colonel was abolished and he remained his captain. He stayed in Pershing's office and was soon promoted to full rank of major. This promotion didn't make him happy, but made him feel that he had been an officer for 18 years and was only a major.
1921August, General Pershing became the Army Chief of Staff. Marshall followed him to Washington as the chief assistant. This time, he was promoted to a higher level and obtained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Pershing resigned at the end of his term. Marshall decided to serve in the field army to enrich himself. 1in the autumn of 924, the American 15 infantry regiment sent to Tianjing, China served as the deputy head. At the end of 1926, he was appointed as an instructor of the Army Academy and returned to Washington. 1927165438+10 month, his wife died of illness.
Fort Benning is the largest military school of the US Army, which is located a few miles away from Columbus, Georgia. Marshall is an excellent instructor. He can summarize complex military problems in a few words. He is very strict with his students. He urged them, inspired them and aroused their enthusiasm. Many outstanding generals who came out of school attributed their future ranks to Marshall. Marshall set up a student file in the ladder school and wrote down the names of young officers he thought were talented. Later, after Marshall became the army chief of staff, this file became priceless, and he often chose commanders accordingly.
/kloc-at the end of 0/932, Marshall was transferred to Fort craven to lead the troops, and was later appointed as the division commander of the Illinois National Guard. 1936 In August, 55-year-old Marshall was officially promoted from lieutenant colonel to brigadier general.
1938 Summer, Brigadier General Marshall was appointed as the Deputy Minister of the War Department. On September 1939, 1 day, President Roosevelt appointed Marshall as the chief of staff of the army, officially awarded him the rank of major general, and temporarily obtained the rank of general. On his third day in office, on September 3, World War II broke out.
After the outbreak of World War II, the United States did not immediately join the war. Some people in China advocate trying to avoid war, while others advocate taking an active part in it. General Marshall believes that whether the United States is willing or not, it is bound to get involved in this war. As the army chief of staff, it is duty-bound to actively prepare for the war. He supported President Roosevelt's strategy of assisting Britain. He thinks the British are trying to buy time for the United States.
19411On February 8, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (see Pearl Harbor Campaign), the Pacific War broke out, and the United States finally got involved in the war.
Pearl Harbor punished many troops, but it didn't affect Marshall's position. He was questioned and accused, but no one thought of replacing him, and no one opposed his leading idea of American participation in the war.
In order to adapt to the war, Marshall began to reorganize the army soon after taking office. He put forward a long list of officers who should retire. These officers are not incompetent, but because they are old and their thoughts are mostly limited by the experience of World War I. Some people even think in the way of the Spanish-American War. Marshall thinks it's time to forget the past and learn new things. He resigned on his own initiative, because he was the same generation as most of the officers he dismissed. He made it clear to the president that his 6 1 year-old man should give way to future generations, and they can better cope with the challenges facing the United States. The president approved Marshall's list of retired officers, but resolutely kept Marshall.
Marshall needs energetic young officers to fill the vacancy, but there are not many such officers who have visited various stations in the country. Then Marshall's file came into play. Some new names have been added to the file. Among them was the young Colonel Eisenhower. He served as the chief of staff of the Third Army in the simulated war in Louisiana, and once showed excellent planning ability, which greatly frustrated the spirit of his opponent. General Kruger, commander of the Third Army, said that he was "far-sighted, unconventional, deeply aware of the importance of military command, proactive and resourceful". Because Eisenhower performed well, Kruger suggested promoting him. Marshall watched the Louisiana exercise and was deeply impressed by Eisenhower. After returning to Washington, he immediately sponsored Eisenhower to be promoted to brigadier general and transferred him to his own combat department as deputy director.
Barton is also in Marshall's file. Marshall commented on him: "George is invincible, invincible." But hold on to his reins. 194 1 year, Marshall asked him to command an armored corps. Later, Barton led the troops to fight and repeatedly made meritorious military service.
At the beginning of 1942, the United States and Britain agreed to fight against the Germans in landing operation in north africa. Marshall carried out the operation code-named "Torch". Active preparations have been made for this campaign. He appointed General Eisenhower as Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Force for North Africa, with full command of the campaign. He consulted with Eisenhower and chose george patton to command the US military task force to land near Casablanca. At the same time, he recommended omar bradley to Eisenhower.
The taciturn Bradley soon proved that he was one of the most talented generals in American history. He was Eisenhower's classmate and Marshall's subordinate in Fort Benning. Marshall admired Bradley's command ability very much and made up his mind that once the American army launched a large-scale campaign, it would be entrusted with a heavy responsibility. Later, Eisenhower quickly handed over the 2nd Army to Bradley. After that, Bradley commanded more and more troops and made great contributions to defeating fascist Germany.
1942 In late July, the Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States and Britain began to draw up a specific plan for the "torch" and operations in London. After a long debate, and with the intervention of Roosevelt and Churchill, a compromise was reached on September 20, and it was decided to land in Casablanca, Morocco and Oran and Algiers, Algeria. The landing date is finally set at165438+1October 8.
On June 8th, British and American forces began to implement the "Torch" landing operation plan as scheduled (see the landing operation in North Africa Campaign for details). Landing was successful. After five months of fierce fighting, the allied forces concentrated their superior forces and launched a general attack on April 9 1943. The British Eighth Army launched a surprise attack from south to north, and the United States and Britain launched an attack from west to east. After 18 days of fighting, they captured Tunisia and Biscay respectively on May 7th. The 250,000 German and Italian troops squeezed in this area had no choice but to surrender in May 2003 at 65438+ (see the Battle of Tunisia). At this point, the German and Italian troops in North Africa were completely annihilated, and the war on the African battlefield ended in the final victory of the United States and Britain.
After the United States and Britain fought in landing operation in north africa, the United States and Britain began to consider the major strategic direction of their next move. 1943 65438+ 10/0/4 to 24, Roosevelt and Churchill led the military leaders of the two countries to hold a meeting in Casablanca to discuss military strategy. General Marshall strongly advocated crossing the English Channel and invading the European continent from northern France. Churchill disagreed. The meeting failed to make a decision on this, which actually delayed the implementation of the plan to attack Western Europe. The meeting finally decided to land in Sicily as the latest operational goal.
In July 1943, 10, the allies landed in Sicily (see Sicily Battle) and occupied the whole island in mid-August. Then, he marched into Italy, quickly advanced to Rome, and gained a firm foothold in Nazi-controlled Europe. However, when allied policy makers and ordinary people want to recover Europe, they do not pay attention to the Mediterranean region, but to France, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries, as well as Germany itself. As we all know, only the British and American allied forces crossed the English Channel. After landing in France, the big counterattack that led to the final victory really began. It is also based on this simple and correct understanding that General Marshall has always advocated excluding other factors, crossing the sea and landing in Western Europe as soon as possible, and trying his best to destroy the Germans.
1943 12, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin finally agreed at the Tehran meeting that American and British troops would land in Normandy in northern France in May 1944. The code name of this landing campaign is "Overlord".
It is generally believed that the supreme commander of the allied forces who commanded the Battle of Overlord was General Marshall. It is widely believed that general Marshall. At this time, the US Army's infantry and air force are active in six major battlefields in the world at the same time, and the front line is extremely long. However, due to Marshall's effective command in Washington, he knew all about the situation, needs, equipment and military priorities of all troops, and coordinated and cooperated tacitly, creating good conditions for the US military to win continuously.
In recognition of Marshall's achievements, the US House of Representatives and President Roosevelt had planned to award him the title of Field Marshal. But Marshall refused. He worked hard and never gave up his reputation. This move won applause from many people. Sevared, a famous American writer, said in a famous radio speech. This great army defending freedom is the most powerful, well-dressed, best-fed, and highest-paid army in the world. It is no accident that it has today's level of organization, training and equipment. This is a monument, showing george marshall's genius, boundless energy, almost extraordinary vision and leadership. Such a soldier doesn't need a marshal's scepter. "
Marshall himself wanted to direct the European campaign. 1in the autumn of 943, at the Quebec conference, the leaders of the allied countries unanimously agreed that he would take up this post, which made him very happy. But after Roosevelt returned to Washington, he extended Marshall's term as army chief of staff indefinitely.
Roosevelt's determination to let Marshall command the European campaign was very firm. In a letter to General Pershing, he said: "What we are going to let him command is the biggest combat operation in this war. I think he will undertake all the command tasks in the European battlefield, not just a certain region. In addition, the British Armed Forces Staff will consult with him on all matters. In addition, I think it is unfair if George is not given a chance to fight in the front ... The best explanation I can make is that I think Jeangeorges became Pershing in World War II ... "
However, there is no doubt that President Roosevelt finally agreed with General Pershing. The old general lying in his hospital bed said in his letter to the president: "... we are fighting a global war, and it is far from over, so the most mature officer should be the chief of staff in order to grasp the strategic direction wisely." People in the military circles in Minda agree that General Marshall is such an officer. If you transfer him to a certain area to fight, no matter how important it is to lose sight of this battlefield, it will make us lose such a knowledgeable counsel, and others can't compare with him as the chief of staff ... "
Yes, Marshall can command the European campaign well, but who can replace Marshall as the commander of American global military operations and command it so well? Roosevelt finally left the post of army chief of staff to Marshall.
Finally, with the consent of the President, Marshall appointed General Eisenhower as the supreme commander of the Allied Forces to command the Battle of Overlord.
1944 65438+1On October 3, the cover of Time magazine in the United States impressively published a photo of General Marshall. Weekly selected him as "the news person of the year" and called him "the trustee of the motherland" and "the indispensable person". The weekly wrote: "As a civilized American, he has won the respect of the whole world. General George Catlett Marshall is qualified to accept the thanks of his people on behalf of the fallen soldiers. "
It is easy for anyone to understand why the president decided that General Marshall must stay in Washington. It is difficult for others to be competent for the heavy work that is now on the chief of staff. Since 1939 Marshall took over as chief of staff, the responsibilities of this position have greatly exceeded the past. Today, 300 officers and men work directly under the chief of staff. They must keep abreast of the war situation, the thoughts of allies, the plans of the enemy, the intentions of the president and the intentions of the Congress.
Marshall did a thorough job in decentralization. His principle is to appoint the most suitable person to take charge of a job and then let him do it. If he does a good job, he will mumble his approval twice. If he is incompetent, he will ask him to leave. He knows all the activities of his subordinates. He requires himself to know all the information that his subordinates hate to know every day, so he stipulates that any subordinate can report anything directly to him.
General Tom Handy, deputy chief of staff, said, "Marshall never joined forces." . "People can argue with him. As long as you finish the work, everything is negotiable. When he is angry, he is also rude, sometimes sharply scolding, and sometimes sarcastically. However, he can listen to people for a long time, and his memory is amazing, even small things are not let go. Once, he went to Congress to attend a committee meeting, and the committee members raised some sensitive and trivial questions about some minor but complicated matters. He gave an authoritative answer calmly and eloquently. I asked him how he remembered so many details, and he said,' I selected them from the information introduced by police officers in recent weeks.' "
One of Marshall's main channels to grasp the situation is to start briefing in his conference room at 9 o'clock every morning on time. He was very proud of this briefing and envied the commanders of the US and Allied Command all over the world. Marshall later recalled: "For me and other major officers in charge, it is more and more important to grasp the progress of the world situation, because all war zones are fighting at the same time. The domestic situation is also changeable. We have many talented experts, so we gradually take a group of young officers with good eloquence as the basic force and give briefings every morning. They get up at 4 o'clock every morning, sort out the telegrams received the night before, get ready at 9 o'clock, and start speaking on time. " Marshall also said, "They did a good job later, and the briefing was really great. You can see the latest development of the whole war situation-in a sense, the war situation has become easy to understand. "
General MacArthur once sent Colonel Follette to Washington to make some unrealistic demands on Marshall as usual. Marshall invited the colonel to attend the briefing to hear about the world war. The colonel was dumbfounded. After the meeting, Colonel lafollette didn't ask MacArthur again, raised his hand and saluted Marshall, and left silently. Marshall later wrote: "The briefing will make him realize that the scale of the war is so large that our' global' needs it; So that he completely changed his mind ... he began to observe the whole situation realistically. "
During the working day, Marshall read reports, wrote memos, listened to briefings, met visitors and testified in Congress. Meet with the president and make important decisions that affect the course of the war. He kept scribbling his opinions and instructions in the blank of the official memo with a pencil. Marshall wrote most of the reports on the progress of the war that the President read to Congress.
Marshall's work is busy and complicated. He once told Eisenhower that for a chief of staff who is in charge all over the world like him, the closer to victory, the more difficult it is to deal with. There are quarrels everywhere, between services, between the government and the army, especially between allies.
1On June 6th, 944, after the American and British troops landed in Normandy (see the Battle of Normandy), the American generals thought that Montgomery, the British commander in chief, wanted to play the leading role, so they were very dissatisfied with him, and there were many contradictions between the two sides. Marshall stood in the highest position to defeat the enemy, and must handle all kinds of contradictions fairly, so that the Allies can work together to defeat the enemy in Qi Xin. Coordinating the relationship between American and friendly forces is also one of Marshall's main responsibilities. He constantly reminded Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied European Expeditionary Force, that generals tend to become "vain and conceited", and never forget that "Montgomery is almost the only hero in Britain" and don't get into trouble with him.
At this time, every battlefield is brewing disputes, many crises need to be calmed down, and many differences need to be eliminated. In the Pacific, Mediterranean and Northwest Europe, there are many problems to be solved every day, and some problems can never be solved in a day and a half.
On the Pacific battlefield, General MacArthur, who traveled all the way back to the Philippines, kept asking the Chief of Staff for something, but the Navy did everything possible to prevent Marshall from paying attention to the Philippines. In this way, Marshall will first convince other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that the Philippine Islands are reasonable military targets and should be strongly supported. On the other hand, he will let MacArthur know that it is impossible to give him everything he wants from the overall situation.
In China War Zone, Marshall had to replace his commander, General Stilwell. This is not because the general lacks command ability, but because of his disrespect and disrespect for Chiang Kai-shek in China and mountbatten, commander of British forces in Southeast Asia. Marshall had to bite the bullet and fire him.
Marshall clearly saw that the US military was not alone in the German-Japanese anti-fascist war. He had to rely on, rely on and even rely on friendly forces to achieve the final victory. On the European battlefield, he always asked Eisenhower to follow his instructions, defeat the Germans, win the victory, and maintain good relations with friendly forces. In the final stage of the European War, some American generals demanded that Berlin be captured before the Soviet Union. Churchill and Montgomery also resolutely opposed giving up Berlin, believing that it was tantamount to the West losing a great propaganda victory in vain. But Marshall resisted the pressure. In his view, giving up Berlin is entirely a military decision. At the moment when President Roosevelt just died and President Truman just took office, he had to think like a soldier and make such a decision in line with military logic that the Soviet Union occupied Berlin. Marshall and Eisenhower can't forget that the Soviet Union is still an ally of the West.
"Yes, I don't think we should occupy Berlin," Marshall wrote later. "It must be remembered that we were trying to deal with the Russians. We have been fighting alongside them. They are an inseparable part of our armed forces and a very determined part. They played a great role in the war and weakened the German forces. We should take all these into consideration. At the end of the war, they became very sensitive, always pay attention to whether there are signs that the British and Americans intend to decide the end of the war behind their backs ... "
1944 65438+February, Marshall was awarded the rank of five-star general.
1on may 8, 945, Nazi Germany was finally defeated, and the Germans surrendered unconditionally to the allies and the Soviet union. At this time, Marshall was almost 65 years old. Although his physical strength is not bad, his mental strength is weak. The war almost racked his brains. Since 194 1, he has been making decisions every day, and every decision is almost related to the life and death of the people and the survival of the country. With the expansion of the war, his responsibility to the world has also increased, and his troubles and worries have also increased. As the chief of staff, he dare not slack off and hesitate. No matter who it is, whether it is the president, the Congress, the allies, or the American people and soldiers, we need to have such confidence: despite the chaos, at least Marshall is not chaotic, can make decisions, and can win. At that gloomy and dangerous moment, people regarded him as a mainstay, believing that as long as they stood with him, they could save the day. As Mary Burleigh, the wife of the British Governor of Bermuda, wrote to him in the spring of 1945: "When you went to Europe and passed by Bermuda, we had dinner together. I remember thinking that you would speed up the victory, which made me full of confidence in everything. You must have received many similar letters, but I still want to congratulate you on the brilliant achievements of this excellent army. I also want to say that we admire the founder and commander of the army very much, and we fully believe that he won the long-awaited victory for us. I still have a thousand words of praise to say ... "
At this point, the victory of the European war, Hitler's death, the Nazi army surrendered, Marshall can finally breathe a sigh of relief. He is bent on discharging the responsibility of the chief of staff. It seems to remind him that it is time to disarm and demobilize. During the Potsdam meeting, someone brought a basket of potatoes, lettuce, carrots, broad beans and cabbage, all from the garden in Tatano, Virginia. This is an obvious hint from his married wife Catherine to her husband: it's time for him to go home and spend time farming.
However, the war against Japan is not over yet, and Marshall can't rest. More than three months later, in August, under the joint attack of China, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries, Japan was completely defeated. /kloc-in August of 0/5, the Japanese emperor personally read the armistice on the radio and announced his unconditional surrender. American troops occupied Japan. On September 2, the signing ceremony of Japan's surrender was held on the USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay.
World War II is over.
This summer, British Prime Minister Churchill wrote a letter to General Marshall, praising his contribution in this war: "It is no accident that you can command this mighty army. It is you who are ordered by the crisis to create this army, organize this army and inspire this army. Thanks to your excellent leadership, in a few days, the army was established and perfected, and finally swept France and Germany. You have not only created a field army and auxiliary forces, but also created a large number of commanding talents. They control the huge bodies of modern arms and legions, fight circuitously, and dispatch movements at an unparalleled speed. Almost everywhere they are needed, such commanders have appeared ... Over the years, your courage and energy to take the first step have aroused more and more respect and admiration in my heart. What you have done is really a great comfort to your comrades who share weal and woe, please.
1On August 20th, 945, Marshall wrote to President Truman to ask for his resignation: "Now that the war is over, the army is actively demobilizing, a major military decision to reduce arms production has been made, and the post-war military plan has entered a quite in-depth stage. Now I feel that I can ask for resignation as chief of staff with peace of mind. " Marshall also wrote in the letter, "I have served in the War Department for more than 7 years, including 6 years as Chief of Staff, knowing that the task is arduous and arduous. If I can get rid of it, I will be very lucky. " Finally, Marshall nominated Eisenhower to succeed him as chief of staff.
President Truman considered it for some time and finally accepted Marshall's resignation, but asked him to work until the fall.
1945165438+10 In October, the President held a farewell ceremony for Marshall at the White House, adding a bunch of oak leaves beside the military medal he wore. The president personally read out the commendation order: "In this war with unprecedented scale and terror, millions of American citizens have made great contributions to the motherland, while George Ka Marshall, a five-star general, dedicated himself to victory ... His character, behavior and efficiency inspired the whole army, the whole country and the whole world. The future of America depends on Marshall and millions of people. In Li Zhuo, he is one of the best generals in the world. "
After the ceremony, President Truman took Marshall aside, wishing him a comfortable, happy and long life after retirement, and promised: "General, you have done so much for your country, and I won't bother you again after you retire; You should have a good rest. "
But President Truman broke his word. 10 days later, he called Marshall: "General, would you like to go to China for me?"
1945 12. Marshall arrived in Shanghai as a special envoy to China and was responsible for "mediating" the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. 1946165438+10 failed, and he returned to the United States.
1947- 1, as secretary of state, put forward the "European Renaissance Plan" in June, which is called "Marshall Plan" in history. 1949 65438+ 10 resigned as secretary of state. 1950 September to195/kloc-0 September. 1953 won the Nobel Peace Prize.
19591June 16 Marshall died of illness. National day of mourning. He left his last words: "Jane buried me like an ordinary soldier loyal to the country." Avoid extravagance and waste. No ceremony. The memorial service should be simple, and the attendance is limited to family members, which is particularly quiet. "The funeral was carried out according to his last words. Solemn, concise and orderly, just like George Catlett Marshall commanding operations all his life.
This generation of people who made great achievements in defeating fascism were quietly buried in Arlington cemetery.