The title of "Tang" is the ancient name of Jin, which generally refers to the central area of Shanxi Province today. Legend has it that the monarch of Yao is called "Tang Tao". During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a small country called Tang State in today's Hubei Province. Li Yuan of Sui Dynasty inherited Tang Guogong; After Emperor Gong abdicated, he took Tang as his country name. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty in Li Jianli in the Five Dynasties and the southern Tang Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms both claimed to be the successors of the Tang Dynasty, and both took "Tang" as their country name. In fact, their emperor had nothing to do with the Tang Dynasty.
Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, claimed to be a Han nationality. Li in Longxi was a famous family of military commanders in China during the Qin Dynasty. Li Guang, the flying general of the Han Dynasty, and other famous soldiers emerged in this family. However, some people doubt this statement and think that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Xianbei. In Old Tang Book and New Tang Book, it is said that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Lao Er, and Li Hao, the founding monarch of the Sixteen Countries, is also his distant ancestor. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Xianbei policy was implemented, and Li was forced to change his "Xiao Ye surname", which was a newly created surname. After the demise of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was restored as Lee.
Historian Huang Renyu thinks that the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty are the second imperial period of China after Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally think that the Tang Dynasty is the end of China's "Middle Ages". The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in China's history, so China people were also called "Tangren", and today China people in the west are also called "Chinatown".
▲ History:
The establishment of Li Yuan
At the end of Sui Dynasty, because Yang Di deviated from Germany and did not go to Koguryo, peasant uprisings rose everywhere (see the peasant war at the end of Sui Dynasty). 6 17 May, Tang Guogong Li Yuan stayed in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), occupied Chang 'an in November, made You Yang emperor, and changed Yuan Yi Ning to Sui Gongdi. Tang Gaozu was appointed Prime Minister and became the king of the Tang Dynasty. In March of the 14th year of Daye (6 18), Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu. In May of the same year, Li Yuan forced Emperor Gong to abdicate, calling himself emperor, with the title of Tang. Changed to Wude, the capital is still in Chang 'an. Due to the premature death of the third son, Li Xuanba, the eldest son, Li, was made a prince, the second son was the king of Qin, and the fourth son, Li Yuanji, was the king of Qi. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to conquer all sides and annihilate all sides. On the fourth day of June in the ninth year of Wude (626), Li Shimin, who had made great achievements on all sides, launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killing his eldest brother Li and his younger brother Li Yuanji. Li Yuan abdicated automatically and Li Shimin became Emperor Taizong.
Zhenguan kaiyuan
During the period of Emperor Taizong, the Mongolian Plateau dominated by Turks was the sphere of influence, and the ethnic groups in the northern part of the Tang Dynasty called Li Shimin Tiankhan. In internal affairs, he inherited the prime minister system, developed, perfected and established the imperial examination system for future generations, and also implemented the land equalization system and the tenancy adjustment system, attracting a large number of competent ministers. During this period, the social order was stable and the economy was prosperous, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. His achievements summed up Zhenguan dignitaries as their agents and became the imperial textbook for Japan and North Korea.
After the death of Emperor Taizong, Li Zhi, the ninth son, acceded to the throne for Tang Gaozong. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, he accepted the invitation of Silla, and finally destroyed Goguryeo and Baekje, and defeated the Japanese naval reinforcements in Baijiangkou. The emperor was in poor health, and many political affairs were handed over to Wu Hou. Shortly after the death of Emperor Gaozong, Wu Zetian made Li Xian Emperor of Tang Zhongzong. Soon, he abolished Zhongzong and made his other son Li Dan emperor. After the rebellion was put down, in the first year of God-given (690), Wu abandoned his position as emperor and changed his name to Zhou. Wuhou became the only woman who claimed to be the emperor in the history of China, and she reigned for more than 50 years. Because of the word "Zetian" in posthumous title after the death of Wuhou, some scholars have called it "Wu Zetian" since modern times, but this is an imprecise title.
During the fifteen years of Wu Zhou's rule, in order to balance or even attack the influence of aristocratic families since Emperor Gaozong, Wu Hou vigorously promoted officials who entered the official career through the imperial examination. Di Renjie is one of them. She also arranged for her nephews and confidants, such as Wu Sansi and Wu Chengsi, to be important maintenance personnel. Traditional historians criticized Wu Hou, such as Suo Yuanli, Lai Junchen and Zhou Xing, and they encouraged her to spy on her ministers through informers and torture. Wuhou often bypassed the province under the door, and Zhongshu Province directly gave orders to officials, which set a precedent for destroying the official system. Butler Zhang Changzong and Xue Huaiyi, etc. However, there are many traditional male emperors' harems. Wuhou also highly respected Buddhism. For example, Buddhist temples were frequently built during the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, and the year numbers were used to prove saints and Dazu. This is in sharp contrast with Li's worship of Taoism and titles such as Zhenguan, Yonghui, Jing Yun and Kaiyuan. In addition, Wuhou became an imitator of the women in the Tang Dynasty's harem fighting for power and profit.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Jing Hui, Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and others staged a coup and restored the political power of the Tang Dynasty. Li Dan was made king of Xiang. However, Zhongzong was always influenced by Wei Ruyun, Princess Anle, his daughter and party member Wu Sansi, the elder of Wuhou. Both Zhang Jianzhi and Jing Hui were exiled or killed. Wei Ruyun intends to be the second marquis of Wu, and Princess Anle once asked to be the wife of the emperor. In the fourth year of Jinglong (7 10), he conspired with Princess Anle to poison Zhongzong. In order to be a younger emperor, he made King Wen emperor and wanted to harm King Li Dan. Li Dan's son, Li Longji, then the king of Linzi, staged a coup with the help of his aunt Princess Taiping, killing Wei Ruyun, Princess Anle and the remnants of Wu Shi and restoring Li Dan. Princess Taiping, the sister of Hou Ruizong, fought a power struggle with Li Longji. In the first year of Yanhe River (7 12), Zong Rui gave way to Li Longji, the Prince of Tang Dynasty. In July13, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave Princess Taiping the death penalty, and followers either killed or chased her, which ended the chaotic political situation known as the "Hou Wei Rebellion". In the same year, it was changed to Kaiyuan. Tang Xuanzong reigned for 44 years. In the early period (Kaiyuan period), the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, and Qu Yuan's plough and gondola car were invented in agriculture, which greatly improved the agricultural productivity and the national strength rose rapidly. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history. This period is considered to be the second heyday in the history of China after the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The capital Chang 'an, with a population of over one million and an area of 84 square kilometers, became the largest city in the world at that time.
the Tang Dynasty
Chang 'an is the capital and Luoyang is the east capital.
monarch
-Founding monarch
-There are 20 dying monarchs.
Yuan Li
Lizhu
Establishment (peasant war at the end of Sui Dynasty)
(6 18)
Death (the disaster in Baimagang)
(907)
The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) is one of the most important dynasties in the history of China, and it is also recognized as one of the most powerful times in China. Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in 6 18, with Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) as its capital, and Luoyang as its east capital. In its heyday, the desert of Central Asia was also ruled by it in the 7th century. In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of Zhou, which was called Wu Zhou in history, until the name of Datang was restored in 705. After the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Tang Dynasty gradually declined. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong, King of Liang, usurped the throne and perished, which lasted for 289 years and experienced 20 emperors. The Tang Dynasty made brilliant achievements in culture, politics, economy and diplomacy, and was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time. At that time, the political system and culture of East Asian neighbors including Silla, Bohai Sea and Japan were also deeply influenced by it.
The title of "Tang" is the ancient name of Jin, which generally refers to the central area of Shanxi Province today. Legend has it that the monarch of Yao is called "Tang Tao". During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a small country called Tang State in today's Hubei Province. Li Yuan of Sui Dynasty inherited Tang Guogong; After Emperor Gong abdicated, he took Tang as his country name. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty in Li Jianli in the Five Dynasties and the southern Tang Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms both claimed to be the successors of the Tang Dynasty, and both took "Tang" as their country name. In fact, their emperor had nothing to do with the Tang Dynasty.
Li, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, claimed to be from Zhao County of Han nationality, and the Li family was also a military aristocrat in Longxi. Li in Longxi was a famous family of military commanders in China during the Qin Dynasty. Li Guang, the flying general of the Han Dynasty, and other famous soldiers emerged in this family. However, some people doubt this statement and think that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Xianbei. In Old Tang Book and New Tang Book, it is said that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Lao Er, and Li Hao, the founding monarch of the Sixteen Countries, is also his distant ancestor. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Xianbei policy was implemented, and Li was forced to change his "Xiao Ye surname", which was a newly created surname. After the demise of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was restored as Lee.
Historian Huang Renyu thinks that the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty are the second imperial period of China after Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally think that the Tang Dynasty is the end of China's "Middle Ages". The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in China's history, so China people were also called "Tangren", and today China people in the west are also called "Chinatown".