Tian (1899- 1975), a native of Yongding County, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, is a regional geologist, paleontologist and stratigraphic scientist, and the pioneer and founder of Devonian research in China. Graduated from the Department of Geology of Peking University, he has served as a technician, technical director, director and director of Hunan Geological Survey, a researcher at the Institute of Geology of China Research Institute, and a professor at the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Hunan University. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Steering Committee of China Geological Work Plan, director of Central South Geological Survey, deputy director and distinguished chief engineer of Central South Geological Bureau, deputy director and chief engineer of the State Mineral Reserves Committee, and deputy director and chief engineer of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Geology. 1957 Joined China Democratic League, member of the third CPPCC.
Long-term regional geological and mineral geological investigation and research. He led Hunan Geological Survey Institute for many years and made outstanding contributions to the geological cause of our province. Devonian brachiopod in Hunan is an important classic, and the sea lily fossil in Taiyuan, northern China is the first work of paleontology. Devonian in China laid a foundation for the division and correlation of Devonian biostratigraphy in China. Over the years, he has served as the organization and management of the geological cause in New China, and has taught in Hunan University and other schools successively, cultivating a group of talents.
Chinese name: Tian Qiqi
Ethnic group: Tujia nationality
Date of birth: 1899
Date of death: 1975
Occupation: Geologist, Paleontologist, Stratigrapher.
Graduate school: Peking University.
Representative works: brachiopods of Devonian in Hunan
The life of the character
Tian, whose real name is Tujia, was born in an intellectual family. His father was a former scholar and his mother was a scholarly family. Tian Qixin ranks fourth among the five brothers. He and his brothers are well educated. He entered a private school at the age of 7, and entered Song Liang College in Dayong County at the age of 10. 13 years old, attending middle school in Changsha. /kloc-graduated from Hunan No.1 Middle School at the age of 0/7. The following year, he went north to Beijing and was admitted to Peking University Science Department with excellent results. 19 19, the vigorous May 4th patriotic movement broke out. Tian and his classmates took part in the demonstration in front of the square and set fire to Cao Rulin Building together. On May 5, he participated in street propaganda, was arrested and imprisoned for more than 10 days, and then successfully returned to school with the support of patriotic progressive forces in all aspects.
19 19 Autumn, Tian Qi was promoted to the undergraduate course of Peking University Geology Department. From 65438 to 0920, Li Siguang and Glip came to teach in this department. Tian Qijuan was deeply taught by them, became more interested in geology, worked harder, and won the scholarship awarded by Hunan Provincial Department of Education for three consecutive years with excellent results.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/922, Tian and his classmates went to Nankou, Changping County, Beijing for graduation practice. They spent three weeks surveying topographic maps and stratigraphic sections, collecting fossils and rock specimens, and finally finished their graduation thesis. Tian's graduation thesis is Sinian Stratigraphic Sequence and Paleontology in Nankou. On the basis of previous studies, this paper points out that the Sinian stratigraphic unconformity in this area is covered by Wutai ancient gneiss and schist. This is his first paper, and he has some original opinions on the study of Nankou section, one of the standard sections of Sinian system in northern China. When he graduated, this article was published in geological society of china magazine.
1in the autumn of 923, after graduating from the Department of Geology of Peking University, Tian Qijuan was admitted to the Geological Survey Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce as an intern, and was promoted to researcher the following year. During his three years in the institute, he mainly investigated the geology of the northern coalfields and studied Carboniferous-Permian fossils (fossils, brachiopods, sea lilies, etc. ), and also participated in the revision of the large-scale reference book "Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy".
1927 In March, the Geological Survey of Hunan Province was established. On Weng's recommendation, Tian Qichen returned to his hometown in Hunan to take part in the work of the institute, where he worked for 23 years, and served as the director, technical director, technical director, acting director and director of the institute. In the meantime, he served as the technical director of the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Industry (Ministry of Economic Affairs) at1933-194/and as a special researcher at1949. 1928- 1940, 1947- 1949 are also researchers at the Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica. His actual work place is in Hunan Province, with the provincial geological survey as the main place. In an extremely difficult environment, he made the work of the institute flourish and achieved fruitful results, and became an excellent unit of the provincial geological survey before liberation. He himself has done a lot of pioneering work in Hunan regional geology and mineral geology. He is actively engaged in basic geology, mainly paleontology and biostratigraphy. Through the study of Devonian biostratigraphy in Hunan, he laid the foundation for the division of Devonian stratigraphy in southern China. 1934 won the third research grant in memory of Mr. Zhao Yazeng, and 1940 won the first prize in memory of Mr. Ding Wenjiang.
Tian hates the decadent old society. /kloc-in the winter of 0/948, Tian contacted the underground party of the Communist Party of China and said that he would protect the property of the whole institute and welcome liberation. 1August 5, 949, after the peaceful liberation of Changsha, Tian and people from all walks of life in Changsha jointly electrified the whole country to support the people's political power and were appointed as the successor to the director of Hunan Geological Survey. He was also invited to attend founding ceremony on June 1. He is full of enthusiasm and determined to contribute all his strength to the geological cause of new China. /kloc-transferred to Wuhan in 0/950, served as the director of the resource investigation department of the heavy industry department of the Central South Military and Political Commission and the director of the Central South Geological Survey Institute, focusing on the whole Central South. In the same year, he was appointed as a distinguished member of the Geological Group of China Academy of Sciences and a member of the Steering Committee of the Geological Work Plan of China. 1952 the Ministry of Geology was established, and Tian Qi was appointed as the deputy director and chief engineer of the Central South Geological Bureau of the Ministry.
From 65438 to 0955, Tian Qijuan was transferred to Beijing, and served as deputy director and chief engineer of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Geology, deputy director and chief engineer of the State Mineral Reserves Committee of the Ministry of Geology, and member of the State Stratigraphic Committee. He devoted himself to the management, organization and leadership of national geological science and technology and made great achievements. From 65438 to 0956, he attended the National Congress of Advanced Workers of the Ministry of Geology as a special representative, and was cordially received and cared by President Mao Zedong.
Tian Qixin also actively participated in geological foreign affairs activities. He visited Hungary twice in 1954 and 1960. 1956 was invited to attend the Boli Far East Geological Conference of the Soviet Union, and made a report on the Sinian system in China, which attracted the attention of the Soviet geological community. From 65438 to 0957, he was sent to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to take charge of chrome ore exploration. He was received by President Ho Chi Minh and awarded a friendship badge by the Vietnamese government.
Tian Qiqi is also keen on social activities in academia. As early as 1920, when he was in college, he and his classmates actively established the "Peking University Geological Research Association" and actively participated in its activities. 1922 geological society of china was established, and he is a member. He became a member of the association after he joined the work. Enthusiastic about meetings for decades, he has successively learned Geological Review (1936- 194 1 year, 1943- 1947,1949-/kloc).
Tian Qiqi enthusiastically participated in social and political activities, and his brilliant achievements in geological undertakings were deeply trusted and respected by the party and the people. 1957 joined the China Democratic League, 1959 was elected as a member of the Third China People's Political Consultative Conference, and 1964 was elected as a representative of the Third National People's Congress.
Technical achievements
Tian Qi has done a lot of regional geology and mineral geology investigation and research. From the autumn of 1923 to the spring of 1927, Tian Qijuan, together with Zhao Yaceng and Wang Zhuquan, investigated the Lincheng coalfield in Hebei before the winter of 1923, and made a detailed study of the Carboniferous-Permian coal measures strata in this area. 1in the spring of 924, together with Zhao Yaceng, we conducted a coal field geological survey in Cixian County, Hebei Province and Liuhegou, Zhangde County, Henan Province, measured the stratigraphic profile of the Upper Carboniferous in detail, and collected fossils such as brachiopods and sea lilies. Detailed reports were published on both visits. During his work in the institute, he also revised the first geological mineralogy dictionary in China (edited by Du Qibao and published by Shanghai Commercial Press, 1930) together with Weng, Zhao Yazeng and Qian.
In the late 1920s, when I first arrived at Hunan Geological Survey, I successively investigated Shuikoushan lead-zinc mine in Changning county with Liu and Ouyang, Shangwudu manganese mine in Xiangtan county, antimony mine in Banxi county in Yiyang county, Zimenqiao coal mine in Xiangxiang county with Wang and Guo, and geology and mineral resources in Xinhua county, all of which achieved fruitful results. In the early 1930s, he was already in the leading position of the institute, so he participated in and presided over a number of large-scale comprehensive research projects. He participated in the regional geological survey and mapping of six counties in central Hunan, and finally edited and published the geological records of six counties in Changsha, Xiangtan, Hengshan, Hengyang, Shaoyang and Xiangxiang, with the geological map of1/250,000, which is considered to be one of the regional geological maps with high accuracy in early surveying and mapping in China. In this book, he initially established the Devonian stratigraphic system in central Hunan, and its stratigraphic names "Shetianqiao System" and "Xikuangshan System" are still in use today. He also initiated and presided over the compilation of mineral records of important minerals such as iron, manganese, tungsten, antimony, lead and zinc in Hunan Province. To this end, he personally went to the relevant mines and mining areas for on-the-spot investigation, inspected the mining history, present situation, geological characteristics and scale of the deposit, and made a comprehensive and systematic summary. He has edited and published Hunan Iron Mine Records (Volume I), Hunan Manganese Mine Records and Hunan Tungsten Mine Records (Volume I). Xie Zeng, a well-known deposit geologist, once commented on the first book: "Throughout the book, the investigation is rigorous, the description is detailed, and the illustrations and photos are clear and impressive. The discussion of academic issues and the collection of economic data are concise and detailed, which is indeed an important contribution to China's economic geology. " He also planned and participated in the 400km regional adjustment (65,438+0/500,000) and mineral survey near Zhuzhou-Yizhang of the Guangdong-Han Railway, and published a book "Report on Geology and Minerals of Changping Section of the Guangdong-Han Railway", which played an important role in the industrial layout along the Guangdong-Han Railway.
After the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Tian Qiqi actively led the Institute to inspect Hunan's mineral resources for the development of the Anti-Japanese War. 1in the autumn of 938, entrusted by Yuanling Administrative Office of Hunan Provincial Government, he led the Xiangxi Mineral Exploration Team for more than one year, and made a detailed study on the stratum, structure and geological characteristics of more than 30 mining areas in this area. Finally, he compiled 16 reports (including 2 written by Tian Qiwen alone and 5 co-authored by others) into the Report of Mineral Exploration Team of Yuanling Administrative Office.
Tian also often provides consultation for mineral resources exploration and mine construction at the invitation of mines, coal mines and placer gold mines in the province and neighboring provinces. There are mainly Jianghua tin mine, Yuanling, Taoyuan gold mine and Xikuangshan antimony mine. Through the above investigation, he obtained a lot of practical data and published several important works, including: On the Formation and Occurrence of Mercury Mines in West Hunan and East Guizhou, Prospect of Gold Mines in Hunan, Coal Mines in Hunan and Minerals in Hunan. These works not only play a "pioneer" role in the industrial construction in Hunan and South China, but also greatly enrich the treasure house of China's economic geology.
Tian once taught in Hunan College and the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Hunan University, which lasted for five years and trained a large number of geological, mining and metallurgical talents for the country. When he was transferred from Changsha, he donated all his books (mostly his own works) to Hunan University.
In addition to teaching and educating people at school, Tian Qiqi pays more attention to tutoring young people in practical work to help them grow up faster. He first infected and educated young people with his love and dedication to the geological cause. For example, he said to Liao, who had just come to work with him, "You can't get promoted or get rich when you come to work in the graduate school. If you want to get promoted and get rich, please don't come! Geological prospecting is not a hotel. You can't come whenever you want and leave whenever you want. If you want to come, you must finish reading for three years. If you can still do it after three years, I advise you to do it for a lifetime and don't change careers. " Liao was deeply educated, and later he really loved geology and grew up to be an accomplished geologist. In daily work, Tian Qixin always enthusiastically guides young colleagues, solves problems for them indoors and explains geological phenomena and theories for them in the wild. All aspects of his work are in harmony with everyone, promoting academic democracy and promoting common progress. The young people working beside him have grown rapidly, and many of them are well-known scholars, such as Lawrence Ah Mon and Bian Xiaozeng.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Tian Qiqi was transferred to the leadership position of the Ministry of Geology to be responsible for the management of science and technology business. 1950 In May, at the first resource survey meeting held by the Heavy Industry Department of the Central South Military and Political Commission, three reports were made, namely, geological survey in Central South China, mineral survey in Central South China and general situation of mineral resources in Hunan Province, which were highly valued by representatives and leaders and were praised as reports integrating theory with practice. During my five years working in Wuhan, I comprehensively guided the planning, deployment and implementation of geological and mineral exploration in Central South China, and effectively led the scientific research development of Central South Geological Survey Bureau and its five branches in Kaifeng, Wuchang, Changsha, Nanchang and Guangzhou. He visited Daye Iron Mine many times to study and plan the geological exploration of the mine and its periphery, and actively worked hard to solve the problems of iron, manganese and other related mineral resources for WISCO.
After Tian was transferred to the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Geology of Beijing and the State Reserve Committee as a leading post, he presided over and participated in the formulation of dozens of geological and mineral exploration specifications, reviewed and approved various mineral resources reserve reports submitted by various industrial departments, and presided over and participated in the national geological work conference on important minerals such as chromium, nickel, mercury and gold. Participate in the discussion of many major geological and technical issues (such as the guidelines, tasks and priorities of geological work in different periods, long-term and annual plans of geological work, breakthroughs in mineral resources exploration urgently needed by the country, introduction of major technical projects, etc.). ), and often go deep into key exploration bases and important mining areas and occurrences for inspection, investigation and guidance.
Tian attaches great importance to the quality of geological work. He believes that only by ensuring the quality of each work link can reliable geological data and data be obtained, and more and better mineral reserves for industrial use can be proved. In particular, he criticized and improved some exploration teams for violating exploration procedures and causing waste due to excessive reserve pressure. In the late 1950s, some people proposed to make a big breakthrough in the classification standard of Soviet mineral reserves adopted since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and even proposed to reduce the proportion of advanced reserves and relax the exploration grid. Tian believes that it is necessary to modify it in some aspects according to the specific situation of our country, but we must fully consider the geological foundation and be cautious, especially to ensure the exploration quality. He also attached great importance to the comprehensive utilization and rational development of mineral resources. Some smelters do not attach importance to the recovery of associated beneficial components in ores, and the indiscriminate mining and excavation by the masses often destroy mineral resources. He was deeply worried about these phenomena and put forward his own opinions. He also opposed the sudden closure of gold mines that had been operating for many years in the early days of liberation.
Heavy management tasks forced Tian Qiqi to have no time to write more new scientific works. However, he cares about the growth of the new forces and is careful about reviewing manuscripts. For example, the article Geological Characteristics of Wanshan Mercury Mine in Guizhou, co-authored by Zhou Dezhong and Li Wenyan, was published in Geological Review 18 1 issue 1958. At the same time, the article "Comments on Zhou Dezhong and Li Wenyan" edited by Tian Qi was published, and several aspects of this article were discussed in detail. This issue also published Zhou Dezhong's comments on the article Geological Characteristics of Wanshan Mercury Mine in Guizhou. In addition to answering some questions raised by Tian, the article humbly accepts Tian's criticism, and finally says: "Mr. Tian's valuable opinions are very enlightening to us, and also point out the direction for our future research on mercury mines, and teach us to have a certain materialistic and dialectical scientific basis when explaining a geological phenomenon. Thank you, tian teacher, for your advice! "
Business experience
1899 February 13 was born in Xixiping, Dayong County, Hunan Province.
19 16 graduated from Changsha Hunan No.1 Middle School.
1923 graduated from the Department of Geology of Peking University. Internship in Geological Survey Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce.
1927- 1950 has served as technical director, investigation director, technical director, acting director and director of Hunan Geological Survey.
1928 is also a researcher at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1933 concurrently serves as the technical director of the Geological Survey Institute of the Ministry of Industry.
1937 concurrently holds the position of professor in the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Hunan University.
65438-0950 Director of Central South Geological Survey, distinguished member of Geological Group of China Academy of Sciences, and member of the Steering Committee of China Geological Work Plan.
1952- 1955 Deputy Director and Chief Engineer of Central South Geological Bureau, Ministry of Geology.
1955 Deputy Director and Chief Engineer of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology. Elected as a member of the Department of Biogeology, China Academy of Sciences.
1956 deputy director and chief engineer of the state mineral reserves commission.
1959 was elected as a member of the National Stratigraphic Committee.
1964 was hired as a member of the Geology and Mineral Resources Group of the State Science and Technology Commission.
1975 September 15 died in Beijing.
Main thesis
1 Zhao Yaceng, Wang Zhuquan, Tian Qijuan. Geology of Zhili Lincheng coalfield. Geological Survey Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Geological Report, 1924 (6): 67-82. (English part 10 page).
2 Zhao Yazeng and Tian Qiqi. Geology of Cizhou and Luhegou Coalfield in Zhili, Henan Province, Geological Survey Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, geological report,1924 (6):102-120 (with English part attached 17 pages).
Tian Lao's works include Devonian brachiopods in Hunan, Carboniferous sea lily fossils in China and Devonian in China. Among them, the Devonian brachiopod in Hunan is an important classic, the Carboniferous sea lily fossil in China is a pioneering work of paleontology, and the Devonian sea lily fossil in China lays the foundation for the division and correlation of Devonian biostratigraphy in China.
Personality assessment
Zhou Enlai's comment: There are no experts who have studied abroad.
Commemoration of future generations
On March 10, 2004, the symposium on the fifth anniversary of Mr. Tian Qijuan's birthday 105 was held in Zhangjiajie. More than one person from the scientific and technological circles and the family members of Academician Tian Qijuan 100 attended, expressing that they would inherit and carry forward the spirit of Academician Tian Qijuan's dedication to science.