Respondent: Mei Songwei-Assistant Level 2 3-22 12: 16.
Deng Jiaxian 1. Born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, party member, a national model worker. 1945 During the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Jiaxian graduated from the National Southwest United University, joined the People's Youth, a peripheral organization of Kunming, and devoted himself to the struggle for democracy and against the Kuomintang's traitorous dictatorship. The following year, he returned to Peiping, was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the staff union of Peking University in the student movement. With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States on 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic performance, he finished all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Doctor Doll".
1950 In August, nine days after receiving his doctorate in the United States, Deng Jiaxian declined the detention of his tutor and friends at the same school and decided to return to China. In the same year 10, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory and served as the head of atomic bomb theory design, which solved the key problem of the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua later said that this was the result of the "World Mathematical Problem Set". Deng Jiaxian not only works hard in secret research institutes, but also often goes to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones fly. 1964 10, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and finally he signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He studied hydrogen bombs with Yu Min and others. According to the "Deng Yu Plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally built and successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. Compared with 8 years in France, 7 years in the United States and 4 years in the Soviet Union, this has created the fastest speed in the world.
From 65438 to 0979, Deng Jiaxian was the director of the Institute of Nuclear Weapons. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer spread beyond saving, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 6th, 1986, Li Peng, then Vice Premier of the State Council, went to the hospital to award him the National May 1st Labor Medal. 1July 29th, 986, Deng Jiaxian died.
2. Deng Jiaxian: Two Bomb Fathers
Deng Jiaxian, the "father of the two bombs", has made outstanding contributions to the development of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in China. He is willing to be an unsung hero for a long time, and has integrated his youth into the "iron backbone" of China's nuclear defense forces.
1950, 26-year-old Deng Jiaxian received a doctorate in physics in the United States. He came back from overseas and served the motherland with the most advanced knowledge of physics at that time. In the late 1950s, Deng Jiaxian "disappeared" from the pulpit of physics, and his figure flashed in the front line of nuclear weapons development: he participated in the construction of scientific research institutes in the sorghum fields outside Beijing, bumped on the dirt road of Lop Nur National Test Site, and directed the development of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in the misty mountainous areas. Deng Jiaxian has devoted himself to the development of nuclear weapons in China for 28 years, from the breakthrough and test success of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb and their weaponization to the major breakthrough and development test of new nuclear weapons, and made outstanding contributions to the success of China's first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb test. Deng Jiaxian has won the first prize of National Natural Science Award, the special prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award and the honorary title of "National Model Worker".
From 65438 to 0986, Deng Jiaxian was killed by cancer. In the last month of his life, his secret experience of 28 years was revealed, and the reputation of "the founder of the two bombs" began to spread. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 30th)
People's Daily1August 3, 99914th Edition
Zhang Aiping and Deng Jiaxian.
Oriental crane
Deng Jiaxian is ill and needs an operation. Zhang Aiping, 75, arrived at the hospital after 8 o'clock. He waited outside the operating room from the beginning of the operation until the end of the operation.
Zhang Aiping said: You scientists are the wealth of the country. It is our responsibility and our wish to ensure your health.
1one day in early August, 1985, Deng Jiaxian, president of No.9 Hospital, made a special trip from Mianyang to Beijing to report the reconstruction of No.9 Hospital to Zhang Aiping and relevant leaders.
Zhang Aiping was a little surprised to see Deng Jiaxian: "How did you lose weight? The color is not very good. "
"No, nothing has changed!" Deng Jiaxian knew that Zhang Aiping usually didn't meet and say hello. From his expression and personality, I feel that he really cares. People around him didn't say anything about his change in this respect, and they didn't feel it themselves.
Zhang Aiping still asked seriously, "How have you been recently? Is there anything wrong? "
Deng Jiaxian said: "Nothing else, just hemorrhoids, always bleeding, really annoying."
"Have you been examined and treated?"
"I just did general treatment and didn't do any examination."
"Then go to 30 1 (hospital) and have a good check. I will contact you. " Zhang Aiping said, and called the director of 30 1 hospital, explained Deng Jiaxian's illness, and specifically told him to have a comprehensive inspection. When asked, Zhang Aiping said, "Now, go now!"
"No, no!" Deng Jiaxian quickly declined. "I haven't reported my work yet!"
Zhang Aiping asked, "Are there any problems that need to be solved urgently?"
Deng Jiaxian said, "No."
Zhang Aiping said, "No, I'll go now. I will go with you. "
"No, no, no!" Deng Jiaxian almost panicked. He knew that Zhang Aiping, as Deputy Secretary-General of the Military Commission and Minister of National Defense, had many important things waiting for him to do every day. Besides, he is as expensive as gold, and he is an old general at the age of seventy. How can he accompany himself to check his illness? So I refused again and again.
Zhang Aiping has picked up the crutch: "Come, take my car. We can talk about your situation on the way. "
Deng Jiaxian had to obey.
Deng Jiaxian, a famous nuclear physicist, received a doctorate in physics from Purdue University. Because he is young, smart, honest and simple, he is called Dr. Doll and Doll Scientist in the scientific community. 1958, just after the establishment of the only nuclear weapons research institute in China, he was transferred as the director of the theoretical department, responsible for leading the theoretical design of nuclear weapons and conducting basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport. , and made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis of the physical process of the atomic bomb, and took the first step of China's independent research on nuclear weapons; Leaders drafted the theoretical scheme of China's first atomic bomb and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test before the nuclear test; He made outstanding contributions to the success of China's first atomic bomb test; Then, together with his colleagues, he overcame many difficulties and technical difficulties and successfully exploded the first hydrogen bomb, making indelible contributions to breaking the nuclear monopoly of superpowers, strengthening national defense forces and safeguarding world peace. After serving as the director of the Ninth Institute, he devoted himself to the improvement and development of nuclear weapons. He respects science, seeks truth from facts and acts in strict accordance with scientific laws. From theoretical design, processing and assembly, experimental testing to stereotyped production, he always tries his best to go deep into the front line to investigate and understand the situation. He will go to the scene to direct and deal with major problems. He often appears in the most dangerous positions at critical moments, regardless of personal safety, which fully embodies the lofty dedication of taking the lead, selfless dedication and taking risks.
When Zhang Aiping visited the Ninth Hospital two years ago, it was stipulated that scientists should insist on physical examination every year. Adhere to the vacation system. But Deng Jiaxian always arranged for others to go, and he always devoted himself to the construction and scientific research of the Ninth Academy. He is one of the founders and pioneers of China's theoretical research on nuclear weapons, and also one of the main technical leaders of China in developing nuclear weapons.
Hospital leaders and doctors, seeing Zhang Aiping personally accompanying a patient for examination, have already felt the weight of this patient. But Zhang Aiping solemnly introduced to them: "This is our meritorious scientist!"
According to the routine examination, it takes only one week to see the results of biopsy, because Zhang Aiping is on standby, and the results will come out in 20 minutes.
The results are shocking: rectal cancer, middle and late stage, lymph node and surrounding tissue metastasis.
Zhang Aiping instructed hospital leaders to arrange hospitalization immediately, specially organized a medical team for Comrade Deng Jiaxian, and worked out a treatment plan as soon as possible. I will listen to your plan report.
Why didn't you find out earlier? How can some incurable diseases specifically harm our best comrades? It seems that the system of timely physical examination by experts has not been well implemented. Zhang Aiping has been thinking about these problems since he came out of the hospital. After returning to the office, I personally called the relevant leaders of the Science and Technology Commission and gave clear instructions: we should quickly check the implementation of the expert physical examination system and the rest system, and those who did not have a physical examination this year should immediately make up the investigation; If there is no rest and recuperation, it is necessary to organize recuperation. If you have any difficulties, report to me. We can't make any more mistakes on this issue!
Three years ago, Zhang Aiping publicly criticized himself several times with deep feelings: For a long time, we have not paid enough attention to the health of scientific and technological personnel. I should bear the main responsibility. ...
The reason for Zhang Aiping's remorse this time is the death of young scientist Luo. 1982 10, Luo, an engineer of Lishan Microelectronics Company of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, was suffering from cancer and stuck to his post because he devoted himself to his career. He was 47 years old.
After learning the bad news, Zhang Aiping felt deeply sorry and distressed, but at the same time he felt that he should be responsible for not caring enough for the researchers. At the meeting organized by the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense to study Comrade Luo's report, he publicly took responsibility and made self-criticism. After the meeting, he also wrote a poem in memory of Comrade Luo:
The Committee of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense studied Comrade Luo.
report conference
Yellow water flow,
Wei shuiliu,
Flows to Tongguan Nutao Road.
Pentium won't shut down.
The past is heavy,
Busy state affairs,
Break the danger and forget the spring and autumn.
Pay for the people.
He instructed the National Defense Working Committee and the Ministry of National Defense Industry to carry out extensive and in-depth activities to learn from Comrade Luo, and made a decision to care about intellectuals. He called on leaders at all levels to seriously and timely solve the practical problems of the vast number of scientific researchers, clearly stipulated that regular physical examinations should be carried out, regular health and epidemic prevention work should be done, the vacation system should be adhered to, and special arrangements should be made under special circumstances.
It was also in the activities of learning from Romania and implementing the relevant regulations on caring for intellectuals that Zhang Tongxing, deputy director and chief engineer of the nuclear parts processing plant of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, who worked in the Northwest Nuclear Test Base, was discovered. For more than 20 years, he has been selflessly working in the front line of scientific research and production in the nuclear industry and has made outstanding contributions to the development of the nuclear cause of the motherland. 1979 was rated as a national model worker. Because of overwork and stomach cancer, he still fought in his post and was known as a living Romanian.
After receiving this report, Zhang Aiping immediately instructed the Science and Technology Commission to take him to Beijing quickly and arrange for treatment in 30 1 hospital. Zhang Aiping visited him in the hospital three times. When Zhang Tongxing was relatively stable and ready to return, Zhang Aiping went to see him off again. Zhang Tongxing was very moved and said, "I am an ordinary scientific and technological worker, and I am deeply disturbed to be involved in such great energy of the head of the Central Military Commission."
Zhang Aiping said: You scientists are the wealth of the country. It is our responsibility and our wish to ensure your health.
However, the reality is often not what people want. He never imagined that Deng Jiaxian, the founding father of the two bombs, had this insurmountable disease.
Zhang Aiping calls several times a day to ask about Deng Jiaxian. I personally participated in the research of surgical plan, and reviewed anesthesia, blood transfusion, surgeon and postoperative intensive care. I also specially said to the medical staff who participated in the operation in Deng Jiaxian: On behalf of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, I hope you will do your best to keep improving and do a good job in this operation for Comrade Jia Xian. We should regard this action as a tough battle. It can only succeed, not fail. I believe you will succeed! Please, everyone! Thank you!
At 8: 30 on August 9th, Deng Jiaxian's operation began.
Zhang Aiping, a 75-year-old man, rushed to the hospital at 8 o'clock and inquired about the preoperative situation carefully. He waited outside the operating room from the beginning of the operation until the end of the operation.
The operation was successful, all the lesions were removed, and Deng Jiaxian's mental state was not bad. Zhang Aiping was slightly comforted. The chief physician reported to him that the next step is chemotherapy to judge whether he can recover. Zhang Aiping exhorted again: We must try our best to alleviate his pain and do everything possible to treat him. If you have any difficulties and situations, please report them to us in time. For his recovery, we do whatever it takes.
Since then, the hospital has adopted the way of "illness report" on Deng Jiaxian's illness, and informed the relevant responsible persons and units irregularly and timely. On August 24th, Zhang Aiping received the first issue of "Deng Jiaxian's Disease Report" that day, saying that there was cancer cell metastasis and she was going to undergo chemotherapy. Zhang Aiping in this issue of the "disease" instructions:
Please visit the leaders of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (Comrade Guangya) and the leading comrades of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry respectively. You should give yourself and your family more comfort and care. The Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Ministry of Nuclear Industry should designate special personnel to contact Mrs. Deng and the hospital at any time.
The CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission and relevant organizations are very concerned about Deng Jiaxian's illness. 30 1 hospital leaders and medical staff did their best, but in the end they failed to keep this great scientist with outstanding achievements. 1986 died on July 29th at the age of 62.
On July 30th, Zhang Aiping, who was far away from home, received a fax report from the Secretariat of the General Office of the State Council about Deng Jiaxian's death and arrangements for the aftermath. Deeply saddened, he immediately instructed in the telegram: If you decide who will attend the memorial service, please call me. I returned to Beijing today.
On the afternoon of August 3rd, a memorial service was held in the Auditorium of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. According to the central decision, Zhang Aiping made a eulogy.
Xinhua news agency issued a power-on feature for this. On August 4th, the overseas edition of People's Daily was entitled:
Deng Jiaxian, the father of China, died.
The party and the country * * * deeply mourn.
At the same time published Zhang Aiping's eulogy. Zhang Aiping said that Deng Jiaxian's fame will go down in history forever. The topic is: selfless and fearless contribution, lifelong energy, painstaking efforts to create national defense honor.
After the memorial service, Zhang Aiping wrote a poem full of grief:
Tribute to the memory of Deng Jiaxian, an outstanding nuclear scientist in China.
Walking through the Gobi prairie,
25 years ago.
Even a thousand times,
Fighting together is the first step.
Czech audio annual biography
Against nuclear blackmail,
China's innovative articles.
You treat fame and fortune like dirt,
Xu Shen is a powerful country.
Sad for your early death,
Merit benefits the world.
12 years later, Deng Jiaxian's wife Xu Luxi recalled: "After Jia Xian died, Zhang Lao invited our family to rest in the sanatorium of Beidaihe Military Commission for more than 10 days. His concern for his subordinates is sincere and has no intention of rewarding him. He also suggested making a documentary "Two Bombs of Deng Jiaxian" and writing its title. I hung this big letter written by him at home to show my memory of Jia Xian and my gratitude to Zhang Lao. Zhang Lao once climbed to the second floor with crutches and came to my house to visit us. Our whole family was very moved. We didn't move the sofa and decoration of the room where he was sitting, and we didn't want to move it. Just remember the scene when Zhang Lao came to see us and remember this day. "