The predecessor of Xianghu Lake is a lagoon evolved from an ancient bay. Specifically, about 4000 years ago, at the beginning of the Holocene snail regression in geological history, Xianghu area was not a lake, but a shallow bay. Due to the action of mountain torrents and tides, a large amount of sediment is gradually deposited at the mouth of the bay, so the sand mouth appears in the bay and continues to expand and extend. Finally, the passage between the bay and the open sea was blocked and the sand mouth became a lagoon. Subsequently, the lake was desalinated and became a fresh water lake. This naturally formed freshwater lake, called "Xicheng Lake", was first recorded in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The shallow Xicheng Lake basin and gentle bank slope not only accelerate the natural sedimentation rate, but also become the object of reclamation. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xicheng Lake finally disappeared and became a low-lying land. At that time, Puyang River flowed into the sea through Xijiang River in the west, and the farmland around Xicheng Lake was difficult to be drained and irrigated, resulting in frequent floods. "It rained cats and dogs, and canals and alleys were covered with a little dry sunshine." During the Northern Song Dynasty, Xining (1068 ~ 1077) and Daguan (1107 ~1/kloc-0. It was not until the second year of Zheng He (112) that the new Xiaoshan county magistrate Shi Yang built an artificial lake in the original site of Xicheng Lake, realizing the people's long-cherished wish. Because of its "beautiful and sparse mountains, clear and deep water, people in the city say that the scenery is better than Xiaoxiang", so it is called "Hu Xiang".
Xianghu Lake moves from northeast to southwest. It is long and narrow in northeast and wide in southwest, and it is shaped like a long-necked gourd. From the southwest to the present, Dongwang Village in Yan Wen Town, and from the northeast to Qiukou, 65,438+0 km west of the city. It is about 9.5km long, 0.5km-3km wide and 40km in circumference. The lake area is 37,002 mu (2,467 hectares), which is equivalent to 4.5 times the area of West Lake in Hangzhou today. Lake water irrigates farmland around Chonghua, Zhaoming, Laisu, Anyang, Xu Xian, Changxing, Xinyi, Xiao Xia and Huayou, with an area of146,868 mu (979 1 hectare), and is known as the water warehouse of Jiuxiang. There are 18 caves around the lake, which are opened and closed on time for flood control and irrigation.
Water can store thousands of streams,
Dry feet are diverted to nine towns and villages.
-"Singing Xiang Lake"
Cheers were everywhere,
Uncle He has since returned to business.
-"Wu Yin, in the summer of a long drought, won the Song Guishan Yang Gongfu to build Xianghu Lake to help the economy."
These poems by Shangshu and Wei Ji in Xiaoshan in the Ming Dynasty praised Shi Yang's achievements in building water conservancy projects, and wrote the role of the water of Xianghu Lake in saving farmland drought at that time.
In the seventh year after the completion of Xianghu Lake, that is, the first year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (119), some lake owners put forward the initiative of returning the lake to the fields. Since then, the dispute over the protection and abandonment of lakes in Hu Xiang has continued, and conflicts have occurred from time to time. According to Xiaoshan Xianghu Records, during the 800-odd years from the establishment of the lake in the Northern Song Dynasty to the Republic of China 16, there were more than 20 large-scale disputes between protecting and abandoning the lake. The school that protects the lake often wins, and the school that abandons the lake often loses. Therefore, although the interests of the lake have been encroached on from time to time, Xianghu Lake has not been destroyed on a large scale.
At that time, Xianghu Lake was able to maintain a large area of water, mainly because agriculture needed the irrigation and drainage function of Xianghu Lake. Zhang Mao, the magistrate of Xiaoshan County in the Ming Dynasty, pointed out in the Xerox inscription "A Brief Introduction to Xiaoshan Huxiang" standing at the county gate: "(Hu Xiang) really relies on storing water to save the drought, and people's hearts rest." Secondly, in order to prevent the encroachment on lakes and avoid the destruction of lakes in Hunan, the bans in previous dynasties were very strict, and offenders were severely punished, effectively protecting lakes in Hunan. For example, in the eleventh year of the Song Dynasty (1 184), Xianghu made a rule to release water, and whoever was not punctual when opening the gate was punished with "broken arm"; Those who set a sluice without permission and stole water at night were punished as "broken toes" for six years in Song Jiading (12 13). Guo Yuanming, the magistrate of Xiaoshan County, decided to distinguish the lake by its soil color because of the fluctuation of the lake, and stipulated that the scope of the lake should be bounded by this "golden line". Anyone who invades the lake should be punished and exiled. In the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1440), it was stipulated that all flowers, fish, dikes, bamboo shoots and houses on the lake would be demolished, and the land would be returned to the government, and crimes would be punished according to the seriousness of the case. Refused to return it. It's two months overdue. "The prisoner is in good health and nailed firmly, even his wife and son have taken it. He was sent to Beijing and Liaodong Wei to be an army forever. " Thirdly, with its clear water, Xianghu Lake has nourished thousands of fertile fields, and the people and officials in nine townships have worked hard to protect Xianghu Lake, effectively preventing its decline. Huang Yuanshou, a juren in the late Qing Dynasty (Shiyan area), asked to surround the lake. After the news came out, the peasants and the squire jointly wrote a letter and resolutely opposed it. Officials had to ban reclamation. Many officials in the past dynasties also stood up to protect Xianghu Lake. What is particularly commendable is the contribution made by Ye Jiwei and his disciple He Shunbin to defending Xianghu Lake in the Ming Dynasty.
Nevertheless, Xianghu Lake has experienced the process of becoming a lake, shrinking and even being abandoned. After the Ming Dynasty, Xianghu Lake evolved the fastest, in which human factors played a major role. As Qing Yu Shida said in "An Examination of Xianghu Lake": "Residents along the lake can live on the beach at the foot of the mountain, first insert willows and gradually fill them. In a few years, they can plant them, and then in a few years they can build houses. There are everywhere, such as those who plant lotus on the rocks according to pollution and those who store fish on the embankment. " The lake is gradually being eroded. In the last years of Hongwu (1397), Su Yuanjiu, a resident of Huxiang Lake, fell into the river because of the official land he planted, and reclaimed the lake field near the river in Shangxiang Lake as a field on the pretext of mending the field. In the early years of Yongle (1403), Hanwang, a resident in the middle of the lake, also reclaimed highland in the lake as a field. It was not until the fourth year of Jingtai (1453) that the county magistrate Li restored it to the lake, fined it 1600 stone, and indicated that it was forbidden to reclaim highlands in the lake. During the Tianshun period (1457 ~ 1464), Sun Quandeng, a lakeside tycoon, occupied the lake as a field, and Wei Ji, an official minister who retreated to Xiaoshan, took the initiative to undertake the task of reclamation in clear lake, and cleared 73 18 mu of lake field, and instructed his owner He Shunbin to deal with the lake field that had been cleared at the end of Sun Shi. After he returned to his hometown, He Shunbin found out the situation of invading the lake one by one and reported it to his superiors. Sun Shi bribed Xiaoshan county magistrate Zou Lu, and He Shunbin was persecuted to death. Later, He Jing, the son of He Shunbin, took revenge, Zou Lu was beheaded, Sun Quan was sentenced to beheading, and Xianghu Lake was restored.
During the period from Daoguang to Tongzhi, the dike pond on the southwest bank of Xianghu Lake burst twice, and the river silted into the lake, from Zishan to Qingshanzhang, and gradually rose out of the water and became an oasis. This land is about 5 Li Long, covering more than 4,600 mu (more than 300 hectares). Then, Ben and Ken had another heated argument. Pro-Banners adhere to the principle of "those with high terrain abandon wasteland and those with low terrain flood the land" and oppose reclamation of sandbars. They believe that since the emergence of sandbars, the water storage capacity of Xianghu Lake has decreased, and if reclamation is carried out again, it is bound to compete with the original irrigated fields for water. It is not worth the loss to endanger farmland water conservancy in Jiuxiang for more than 3,000 mu of sandbars. The main cultivators believe that since the opening of Mouyan Mountain in the Ming Dynasty, the Puyang River has flowed through it, and with the completion of water conservancy facilities such as Sanjiang Gate, the farmland irrigated by the water of Xianghu Lake has been reduced by more than half compared with that in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, so this oasis can be cultivated completely and its soil is fertile. If we grow grain, Xiaoshan is sparsely populated, and the contradiction of expensive rice can be alleviated. In this case, in October of the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Huang Yuanshou planned to raise 30,000 silver dollars to organize "Houzheng Company" to reclaim the wasteland of Xianghu Lake at a cost, but it was not realized because of the opposition of the main forbidders. Seven years later, Huang Yuanshou thought that the situation had changed, and wrote to the Constitution again, proposing the reason that "the vicissitudes of life and great changes are obviously harmful to the past but not to the present, and the past should stop now". It is planned to assemble the joint venture "Houzheng Company" to reclaim Xianghu wasteland on behalf of Jiuxiang, but it was approved, but it caused an uproar: firstly, a gentleman and a farmer wrote twice to explain the harm of reclamation; Then more than 650 gentlemen and farmers jointly wrote more than 40 books, demanding that land reclamation be banned. Fu Xian was afraid of trouble, and the approval was delayed.
After the Republic of China, there was a great public opinion calling for the prohibition of land reclamation around lakes. Despite the traditional intervention of the main prohibition faction, it was the general trend after all. Natural shallow siltation and artificial reclamation have reduced the area of Xianghu Lake. According to the actual measurement in 19 15, the circumference of Xianghu Lake is 52 Li, covering an area of 22,042 mu. 1927 autumn survey, the circumference of Xianghu Lake is 56 Li, 162 sheets, covering an area of about 24,000 mu. At that time, Xianghu Lake was nationalized and cultivated by the Labor College of the Third National Sun Yat-sen University, so it expanded rapidly. By 193 1 year, 3000 ~ 5000 mu of cultivated land had been cultivated in the top mountain area of Shangxiang Lake. By 1947, the area of Xianghu Lake had shrunk to 10000 mu.
Since 1949, the evolution of Xianghu Lake has been the most violent, from lake-type Xianghu Lake to river-type Xianghu Lake. In the early 1950s, the elevation of the bottom of Xianghu Lake, which covers an area of about 1 10,000 mu in Wusong, was mostly more than 5 meters, which had lost the function of regulating and irrigating nearby farmland, which was the main reason for its reclamation. Before 1965, the scale of reclamation was small and scattered, and the traditional brick and tile industry with Hu Xiang clay as raw material generally developed. Starting from 1965, the state invested and local governments organized it in a unified way, and began to cultivate it in a planned and step-by-step manner. 1966 The area of Xianghu Lake is 3040 mu, which is more than two thirds less than that of 1949. Generally, the water depth is 2 ~ 2.5 meters. Since then, a number of brick and tile factories have been built along the shore of the lake, and the lake over 1000 mu is surrounded by silt. At the same time, natural siltation and artificial breeding led to the loss of some water bodies in Xianghu Lake, leaving only 1.400 mu in the lake. In fact, it has become a irrigation and drainage station from Xiaolishan in the west to Xiaoshan in the east, connected with a river in Nansha Plain, and the fresh water in the upper reaches of Qiantang River is transported to the reclamation area in the north of Xiaoshan Plain. In the whole Hu Xiang area, there are several large waters, which have become freshwater farms in Zhejiang and Hu Xiang Fishing Ground in Xiaoshan.
Due to the excavation of many brick and tile factories, there are many holes in the mud swing in Hu Xiang. In the 1990s, not only many manufacturers were unsustainable because of the exhaustion of clay resources, but also the country issued a ban on clay brick making, and brick and tile factories closed down one after another. As a result, many mud swings in Xianghu Lake have been drained. Today, the first phase of Hu Xiang Tourism Development Resort is planned and constructed under such conditions.
The cultural site of the bridge across the lake is located near the bridge across the lake in the center of Xianghu Lake. During several excavations in 1990, 200 1 and 2002, a large number of stone tools, wood products, pottery, bone implements, jade articles, weaving, and extremely rich wild animal remains and artificially cultivated rice plants were unearthed, and many ash pits and column holes were found. What is particularly surprising is the discovery of a canoe dug with a whole section of Pinus massoniana and related workshops.
The carbon 14 data were used to measure the samples from several locations, and all the samples were 8,000 to 7,000 years ago. Pots, retort, beans and other cookware are the most unearthed pottery, and there are various decorative techniques, such as painting, engraving, poking, patting, scratching and mudding. Most of the ceramic walls are even and thin, with regular shapes. The inner and outer walls of some double-bellied beans and the inner walls of pots and pans are dark and bright, which is amazing. Bones include chisels, darts, arrows, whistles, needles, daggers, hair clips, double forks and some compound tools with unknown functions. The chisel is made of the scapula of a large mammal and has a circular socket at the end for holding the handle. The excavation of bones and grains of rice shows that ploughing agriculture has been born. The excavated canoe was identified as a relic of 8000 years ago. This is the earliest canoe in the world, 2000 years earlier than it was found in South Africa.
According to geological and hydrological data, a large-scale transgression occurred in eastern China in the early Holocene. About1.20 thousand years ago, it rose to the position of -60 meters; By 8000 years ago, the sea level had risen to a height of -5 meters. This transgression reached its peak 7000 ~ 6000 years ago. The waves hit the foothills of Huiji Mountain, and the area around Xianghu Lake and Ningshao Plain became an ocean together. Cross-Lake Bridge Cultural Site also proves this point. According to the stratigraphic profile of the cultural site across the lake bridge, the site is covered by a layer of lacustrine sediments formed by fresh water, and the lacustrine sediments are covered by marine sediments with a thickness of nearly 1 m. This is enough to show that when the sea water invaded, the ancestors living in Hu Xiang had to retreat to the highlands or migrate to other places, and the cross-lake bridge culture declined and migrated.
The site of the bridge across the lake was discovered in the summer of 1990. On May 30th of that year, the office of Xiaoshan Cultural Relics Management Committee received a phone call from Wu, a teacher of Zhejiang Radio and TV University Xiaoshan Branch, saying that a student named had discovered cultural relics. The next day, Xiaoshan District Cultural Management Committee forced Nong and Ni Zai, led by them, to rush to the brick factory to borrow soil, which was discovered. A few days later, Rui He from Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology visited the site again and confirmed that it was a Neolithic site. Because the site has been eroded by soil for nearly 20 years, it has been completely destroyed. After obtaining the support and cooperation of the brick and tile factory, we immediately decided to carry out rescue excavation.
During the period of 10 ~ 12, Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Xiaoshan Cultural Management Committee Office excavated the site for the first time. In the excavation area of 330m2, 130 pieces of stone tools, wood products, pottery, bone wares and jade articles were found. An acorn cellar and architectural remains were unearthed. The excavation results show that the cultural characteristics of the site across the lake bridge are very unique in many aspects. The archaeological team sent four wooden specimens collected on site to the Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration for14th century carbon dating. The results show that the site has been around for more than 8,000 years. This result is a breakthrough. If established, the site of Huhuaqiao will become the earliest Neolithic site found in the southeast coastal areas of China, which is 1000 years earlier than the famous Hemudu cultural site. For a time, the archaeological community had a great controversy about the age of the site, and many people doubted the accuracy of14th century carbon dating. Therefore, the first excavation of the site failed to attract enough attention. Later, due to various reasons, the archaeological work did not continue, which objectively caused the silence of the site 10.
At the end of 2000, Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Xiaoshan Museum discovered the cultural layer of the site in the area around Huqiao. So from May to July of the following year, a second rescue excavation was carried out. The excavation area is nearly 400 square meters, and a large number of cultural relics such as pottery, stone tools, woodwork and bones have been unearthed, as well as many wild animals, artificially cultivated rice, water chestnut, acorn, peach, tea seed, apricot, cucurbitaceae and other plant remains. Among them, the decisive achievement is a large number of recyclable pottery, and the special culture of the site across the lake bridge is more convincing. In order to verify the age of the site again, the archaeological team specially invited the Peking University Museum of Culture and Art, the most authoritative archaeological institution in China, to measure the carbon 14-year data of the specimen, and the results once again proved that the site was about 8,000 ~ 7,000 years ago. In March, 2002, Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and Xiaoshan District People's Government held the "Symposium on Archaeology of Crossing the Lake Bridge", and the well-known experts and scholars at home unanimously affirmed the academic value of this site.
The site was excavated for the third time between 10 ~ 12 in 2003, which was an expanded excavation after the excavation of 5438+0 in 2006. At that time, it was detected that the site was in the southeast. To the surprise of archaeologists, not only a large number of plant specimens such as pottery, stone tools, wood, bones, rice and tea seeds were unearthed during the excavation, but also a canoe and related workshops were discovered. The canoe stump is 5.6 meters long, 0.53 meters wide and 2.5 ~ 3 centimeters thick, and is made of the whole Pinus massoniana. The canoe was parked by the lake, with several wooden stakes on both sides, and several wooden paddles and some wood scattered around it.
Archaeologists believe that the site of the bridge across the lake is completely different from the surrounding Hemudu culture in Yuyao, Majiabang culture in Jiaxing and Liangzhu culture in Yuhang. It is a site with a unique cultural type, that is, the "cross-lake bridge culture". However, according to archaeological practice, a site named "culture" requires two conditions, one is that it has a certain distribution space, and the other is that it has the same characteristics at different distribution points. The site of the bridge across the lake should be named "cultural site", and there should be at least two sites of the same age and type. Therefore, in the summer of 2002, Xiaoshan Museum and Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology jointly conducted a one-year large-scale archaeological investigation in Xiaoshan. In May 2003, according to the clue provided by citizen Ni Hangxiang, a similar site-Sun Xia Site was finally found in Sunxia Village in Hu Xiang. More than 60 ash pits and coal pillar holes were discovered during the excavation of 600 square meters of Sun Xia site. Ash pit is a pit that people dug to store things at that time. There are many fish and shellfish remains in the ash pit sediments, and rice remains are also found. There is a sand layer with uneven thickness on the surface of the site, mixed with a large number of broken marine shells and human cultural relics such as pottery pieces and stone tools. The unearthed pottery is similar in shape and variety to that unearthed at Kuhuqiao site. The specimens unearthed from Sun Xia site were determined by carbon data about 8,000 years ago. Thus, the naming of "Bridge Across the Lake Culture" was established.
As a brand-new concept, the cross-lake bridge culture has extraordinary significance. It is the oldest of the five Neolithic cultural sites named in Zhejiang Province so far. It traces the history of Zhejiang civilization back to 8000 years ago, and at the same time breaks the traditional pattern of Hemudu culture and Majiabang culture in the Neolithic age in Zhejiang Province with unique cultural types, so the history textbook needs to be rewritten.
The discovery and excavation of the site across the lake bridge made people realize that the Neolithic culture in Zhejiang and even the whole Yangtze River basin is not as simple as previously recognized, but is composed of multiple lineages, and the relationship between them has become an important topic in prehistoric archaeological research in the future. This will play a positive role in promoting prehistoric archaeology and research in the southeast coastal areas of China.
The Ancient Battlefield of Wu-Yue Debate
The day before yesterday,
Romon Qudeng asked about the hero plan;
Physical and physical isolation, more and more,
I want to be a lonely priest;
A word from the kite (1) Zhejiang water,
Then make the elk enter Gusu;
Flowing like flowers and showers,
Looking at the five lakes in the west.
-Jade Bird "Homesickness on the City Mountain"
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hu Xiang belonged to the territory of Yue State and was one of the main battlefields in wuyue.
Yue's ancestor is said to be the illegitimate son of Shao Kang, the grandson of Dayu V and the queen of Xia Dynasty. After the revival of the Xia Dynasty, it was feared that the sacrifice of Yuling would be beheaded, and there were few Yue left, so it was called "Yue" or "Yuyue". After more than 20 generations, he was granted the throne and became king by expanding his territory. Yun Chang died and Zi met and succeeded to the throne. At that time, the territory of Yue was roughly centered on Zhejiang, and there was nothing in the south. Now Zhuji and Yiwu are at the junction; North to Meihua, now south of Jiaxing; East to Yin, now Yin County; West to Gu Mi, now Quzhou and Jinhua. Wu, also known as "Juwu" and "Attack Wu", is a descendant of Zhou Wenwang's brother Wu Taibo. Because he let the king be located in Zhou Wenwang, he went to the land of Man Jing and cut off his tattoo to show that he was unusable, so he was posthumously awarded as "Wu Bo" by Zhou Wuwang. 19 years, Shoumeng ascended the throne, and Wu became stronger. At that time, He Lv, the grandson of Shoumeng, had become a bully in the southeast.
At that time, although the power of the State of Wu was stronger than that of the State of Yue, the emerging State of Yue was a great threat to the State of Wu and became a menace to the State of Wu. According to Wu Zixu, the prime minister of Wu, "wuyue is a neighbor and has the same customs;" Xizhou River, the east of the sea; Two States in the same city, the gateway to Asia; If you worry about it, you will be blamed. " During the Spring and Autumn Period, powerful countries used troops and often coerced nearby small countries to leave. And Lu Wunian (5 10), Wu not only showed his own strength, but also asked Yue to send troops to attack Chu, but was rejected by Yue, so the king of Wu sent troops to attack Yue and defeated Yue. This is the first war between wuyue and China. Since then, wars have been frequent. In 496 BC, He Lv heard that Ju Jian, King of Yue, acceded to the throne and took the opportunity to cut Yue. Ju Jian, the king of Yue, faced plum blossoms and challenged the dead. They went to Wu Zhen and shouted, but they all drew their swords and killed themselves. Wu Jun was dumbfounded. At this moment, the Vietnamese army stormed together and defeated Wu Shi. He Lv, the prince of Wu, was hit by the finger of Fu Yige, the spirit aunt of Doctor Yue, and suffered a traumatic attack and died 7 miles away from Meili. Before he died, he made Prince Fu Cha king. Focha vowed revenge, and the hatred between the two countries deepened.
In the third year of Sentence Jian (494 BC), the King of Yue heard that Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was going to report to Yue for training day and night. He did not listen to the general's advice and attacked tens of thousands of troops first. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, appointed Wu Zixu as a general and sent soldiers to battle. The navies of the two countries fought fiercely on Taihu Lake. As a result, the Vietnamese navy was almost wiped out. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, conveniently captured Pingyang, the capital of the State of Yue (now Pingyang Village, Pingshui Town, Shaoxing County), leaving only 5,000 soldiers to protect its habitat in the Jurjian Mountain. At that time, Xiaoshan Hu Xiang area was located in Jin Yao (Qiantang River), Zhejiang Province, which was an important defense line and military fortress of Yue State. Guling City is built on Yuewangcheng Mountain, and Tielingguan is built on the north side of the river. Under the attack of Wu Jun, it became an important stronghold of the Vietnamese army to "defend the country". Zhang Zongxiang, a modern scholar, said: "The dispute over wuyue started in Jiaxing and followed Xiaoshan. Lushan was named after the Yue people built a city to defend it. "
Yuewangcheng Mountain, which belongs to the remnant vein of Tianmu Mountain, dives into Qiantang River from Hangzhou Zhuantang Fushan and enters Xiaoshan at an altitude of140m. The top of the mountain is low in the middle and high on all sides, just like a city wall. "Yuejueshu" contains: "South Zhejiang Road West City, Fan Li Military City also. Its mausoleum can be guarded, so it is called Guling. The reason for this is also what its big ship army did. " Judging from the existing ruins of Yuewangcheng, the Vietnamese army rammed earth to build a city along the natural direction of the ridge, with a perimeter of1091.2m.. The bottom width of the city wall is more than 10 meter, and the height is more than 4 meters, with a wide bottom and a narrow top. The small basin of 20,000 square meters inside is the frontier headquarters of the giant sword, and it is called "Yuewangtai". It is said that when Wu Jun attacked, Guling City was besieged for several days and nights. Wu Jun thought the mountain was short of water, so he sent messengers to send salted fish to mock. The King of Yue understood his intention, that is, to give back two fresh fish. Knowing that there was food and water on the mountain, Wu Fangjun withdrew his troops. This is the story of "Feed the fish at once". Hua Tuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Chengshan": "A strategist wins many battles, but courtesy also resolves disputes; A couple of koi fish were delayed, and they sat down in the army of hundreds of rhinoceroses, that is, they sang this song. Today, there is still a "horse washing pool" in the basin at the top of the mountain, which is about 20 meters long and 10 meters wide, and the water quality is clear. If it is true to feed the fish immediately, then the pair of fresh fish should be taken from this pool.
Wuyue and China are near the river and the sea, and both armies are famous for their sailors. The military port of Vietnam's "big ship army" is located on the north side of Yuewangcheng mountain, in today's Baima Lake area. According to the book "Hundred Celebrities and Xiaoshan", it is "the naval base of Yue State, named the Guling Military Port, which was built by Fan Li. From here, you can enter Qiantang River, Taihu Lake system and fight against Wu. The retreat can keep Zhejiang natural barrier. Shortly after the completion of the military port, Zhu Jian began to reject Wu in Zhou in 24 years, sent troops to reject Wu again in 26 years, sent troops to help Wu attack Qi in 36 years, attacked Wu in 38 years, and attacked Wu three times in 10 years. The above seven large-scale military activities all started from Guling Port. In 482 BC, the State of Yue concentrated 2,000 sailors, 47,000 navy officers and soldiers and hundreds of warships in Hong Kong, all the way to the Yangtze River and all the way through Qiantang River to Suzhou, thus destroying the State of Wu. Since then, the state of Yue has gone north for hegemony, captured Langya, and 300 Ge ships (seagoing ships) have left the port from Guling Port. Guling Port, built for the purpose of naval military activities, developed rapidly at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. It was built at the earliest time and has a large scale, which plays an important role in the history of ancient seaports in China. "
Related to this is Wuhang Mountain, 20 kilometers northeast of Xianghu Lake, which is also one of the military fortresses of Yue State (at that time, Qiantang River flowed into the sea between Wuhang Mountain and Zheshan Mountain, and the mountain was close to Qiantang River). Wuhang is 299 meters above sea level, 3 kilometers wide from east to west and 3.5 kilometers long from north to south. The peaks are undulating and the mountain dock is deep. According to Yuejueshu, the facilities of the Vietnamese army here are Shitang, Wu Fang and Wu Hang. "Shitang people, the more injured the warship, sixty-five steps, three hundred and fifty-five step pool, four miles county line"; "Anti-docking, the more you stop in Wu Jun, go to the county seat for forty miles"; "Wu Hangren sentenced Hang Jian, who was 200 stone long, to buy seven men and go to the county for forty miles." Wu Hangshan is also known as "Wang Bushan" because of the frequent activities of giant swords in Wu Hang, and it is still known as "Wang Bushan" today. In addition, in the "Yuewangpu" at the east foot of the north bank Hezhuang, there is a "hundred-foot building" for the Vietnamese army to observe Wu Jun's movements.
The choppy Qiantang River on the periphery of Xianghu Lake is not only the river boundary where the two armies confront each other, but also the battlefield where the two armies fight. "Yue Jue Shu" contains: "Sentence Jian and Wu fought in Zhejiang, and Shi Mai was the general. The old man and Zhuang Chang remonstrated and said,' If you buy stones, people will complain, and your family will complain; Greed is profit; If you are meticulous, you will have no long-term strategy. If the king uses it, the country will fail. "The king didn't listen and sent him away. Shimai paid Zhejiang separately, beheaded innocently, and wanted to monopolize the military power, shake the general's rate and monopolize the power. People are afraid, but people don't talk to themselves. Sun Tzu's Art of War said:' A man is like a baby, but he can follow him in the deep stream.' Buying rotten fish that you don't know is still a severe punishment. Zi Xu's independent testimony turned into a strange plan, either north or south, beating gongs and drums at night, cheating soldiers, surrendering over the division, failing to make a decree, betraying and leaving, repaying his monarch, killing him and buying him, thanking his division. "This is after the battle of Taihu Lake, the simple army was defeated again.
March into Wu Jun, not only besieged Yuewangcheng Mountain, but also pursued Yuejun to the Puyang River mouth, which is more than 0/0 km southeast of Xianghu Lake (at that time, Puyang River entered the sea through Xixiaojiang River), while Yuejun retreated to Yuewangcheng nearby. According to Chen Deming's Records of Fujiadun Village, Tianle Township, Shaoxing County in the late Qing Dynasty, Wu Shuishi invaded this mountain and led his troops to repel it with huge stones at the top of the mountain. Crossing Leon Wang, the main peak is 354 meters above sea level, belonging to Shaoxing in the east and Xiaoshan in the west. There used to be sites such as Zoumagang, Fu Bing Road, Zhigeng Building and Xiaoyao Field on the top of the mountain. According to legend, it is said that the Yue army protected the remains of this mountain, so it is also called Wangyue Mountain and Qishan Mountain. Ming Lai Hongzhen's poem "Climbing over Leon Wang in Spring";
Green hills rise and fall, and trees cascade,
Sentence Jian was trapped in this year;
Mountains mean national hatred,
The stream seems to bring you sound;
Xishi Ancient Tuyouyan Temple,
Fan Li's boat is still famous;
It's just that Zhu Tang hurt the past.
A good bird sings to people.
Looking at the historical materials and relics of Wuyue ancient battlefield in Hu Xiang, the strategic position is the most obvious, and the ruins are well preserved, so it is called "Guling City" or "Xicheng" of Yuewangcheng Mountain. 1In August, 990,1more than 20 Chinese and foreign representatives who participated in the Hangzhou Baiyue Culture International Seminar made a field trip to Yuewangcheng, and agreed that Yuewangcheng was the most complete castle site discovered and preserved in the late Spring and Autumn Period. 198965438+In February, the people's government of Zhejiang Province announced Yuewangchengshan as the third batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units.
(1) the kite, refers to the song of the kite. According to the "Wu Yue Chun Qiu Ju Jian entered the official biography", "The King of Yue planted seeds with doctors in May of the fifth year, and entered the official in Wu. All the officials went to Zhejiang, and the water blocked the road, and the army was Chen. Mrs. Betty Wong cried by boat, and Gu Wu's magpie pecked shrimp in Zhu Jiang and flew back and forth. She sang because of crying, saying,' Birds fly like kites, and Ling is mysterious and graceful. Zhu Xi in Jizhou is free and unfettered, pecking shrimp and squatting in the clouds, and returning at will. I'm innocent and guilty, so why send it to heaven! When you go to the west alone, who knows when you will return to Xi? If my heart is broken, my tears will hang. He sighed again: "This bird is flying, and it has been returned to the Soviet Union. "。 Why live in rivers and lakes when you are concerned with vegetarian shrimp? Reply to the item and swim, go back and forth! The first time you came home, it was over with me. Finally, I will go to Wu and leave China. My clothes are brown and my husband is a slave. It's hard to be 18 years old. I'm very sad, very sad. My intestines were knotted, and I was convinced, so I forgot to eat. I wish I were like a horse, flying high. If you go to China, your heart will tremble and you will know whether you are angry or sorry! " "
② Go to the county seat for forty miles, and leave Shanyin County (now Shaoxing City) for forty miles.