1. Population aging. 2. The natural population growth rate has decreased, the living standard has improved, and the average life expectancy has been extended? Establish and improve the social security system and construct a reasonable social endowment insurance system; Extend the retirement age of employees and relax the policy of talent migration. In the new era, the focus of China's population work is still to continue to stabilize the low fertility level, unswervingly implement the family planning policy, and strive to control population growth. Reason: Because China has a large population and a large population base, the population growth will continue for a long time, and due to the comprehensive influence of various factors, the current low fertility level in China is in danger of rebounding.

According to the reading materials, this shows that the aging phenomenon in Shanghai is very obvious, which is related to Shanghai's early opening to the outside world, high level of economic development, improved living standards, prolonged life expectancy, and people's reluctance to have children, making the birth rate in Shanghai low for many years. Combined with the reasons and countermeasures of population aging in developed countries, we can analyze the reasons and solutions. However, on the whole, population control is still the focus of our country's work for a long time to come.