There is a biography of Sun Guangxian in the 27th edition of Renshou County Records, which introduces the situation of Sun Guangxian before he was 30 years old. Sun Guangxian has been a farmer for generations. As a teenager, he lived up to expectations and studied hard. Later, Sun Guangxian, a young boy, climbed Mount Er 'e and embarked on a long journey, and began to travel and study for 10 years. I made friends with scholars in Zizhou, Chengdu and other places, and met some famous literati predecessors in Sichuan at that time. Especially in the process of communication with Niu Xiji and Mao Wenxi of the former Shu court at that time, Sun Guangxian started his literary creation and made his mark in the field of ci. So day after day, year after year, I indulge in flowers. One of his songs, Huanxisha, recorded some truths about his early life in Shu:
"In the past fifteen years, I have never been romantic when I traveled to Jinan. It took a long time and I had a lot of money. I am rich and famous, and I am afraid that I will not be peaceful in my life, so I accompanied the fireworks to get drunk in the Red Chamber. "
Such a life, Sun Guangxian lived in Chengdu for about 15 years. He struggled with himself in the wild decadence, but he was helpless. Later, Sun Guangxian left Shudu, crossed the Qinling Mountains, arrived in Qinlong and began his life as a landscape traveler. After a detailed appreciation of the customs of Qinlong in the northwest, Sun Guangxian put aside the gentle and lofty literati and interacted with local monks, Taoist priests, bandits and gentry in the East Valley of Fengcheng, which accumulated rich materials for his later writing and broadened his horizons.
In 925 (the third year of Tongguang), Wang Yan descended to the Tang Dynasty, and the history of the former Shu came to an end. This year, Sun Guangxian was just 30 years old and was in his prime. As a down-and-out official of the former dynasty of Shu, he had no place in Heling State. In order to avoid chaos, he went south from history to Jiangling. This journey lasted more than 40 years, and he didn't have a chance to return to his hometown until his death.
Sun Guangxian was a judge of Lingzhou in the Tang Dynasty and had a good reputation. At the end of the Tang Dynasty (about 926), he took refuge in Jiangling (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province), and Liang Zhen recommended him to be the secretary of Wu Xin, the king of Nanping (that is, Gao Jixing, the founder of Jingnanguo in the Five Dynasties, 858-928). Xin built a warship and prepared to fight against Chu. Sun Guangxian's suggestion: "After the war in Jingnan, the king rested and the people lived a peaceful life. If you break diplomatic relations with Chu again, once other countries fly in, it will be very worrying. " Wu Cai terminated the idea.
King Wen (Gao Conghui) succeeded to the throne. When Liang Zhen asked to abdicate, he entrusted political affairs to Sun Guangxian. King Wen has always praised the luxury of the king of Chu, and said to officials, "If you are like the king of Ma (the son of Ma Yin, the king of Chu in the Five Dynasties), you can be called a gentleman." Sun Guangxian said: "According to the etiquette system, there should be a hierarchy between emperors and vassals. As a wet behind the ears, he only knows extravagance and waste, goes beyond etiquette and only seeks temporary happiness. I don't know when he will die, but where is it enviable? " King Wen suddenly realized, saying, "Sun Gong's words are reasonable." King Wen has been regretting his wrong thoughts for a long time, and thanks Sun Guangxian for reminding him in time.
Sun Guangxian served three kings in Nanping, all in the shogunate. They were appointed as our envoy to Jingnan, a court minister, a school secretary, and a trial office. The king presented a purple and gold fish bag.
After Gao Jichong became king, Song Taizu sent Murong Zhaoyan and others to pacify Hunan, passed through Jingzhou and agreed to send soldiers out of the city. General Li Jingwei advised Gao Jichong to take strict precautions. Sun Guangxian scolded him and said, "You are just a civilian in Xiajiang. How can we know success or failure? " ! Since Zhou Shizong, China has always wanted to unify the world. Besides Song Taizu adhering to the mandate of heaven, * * * appeared! Julian Waghann is not easy to resist. "So Gao Jichong, please know the situation, seal the treasury and dedicate the land of the Three Kingdoms to the Song Dynasty. In order to reward Sun Guangxian's unified meritorious service, Song Taizu awarded Huangzhou (now Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province) a secretariat, a gift and increased treatment. Sun Guangxian also manages well in Huangzhou.
In the first year of Kaibao (AD 968), Sun Guangxian was recommended as a bachelor and died without being summoned.
Personal work
Sun Guangxian is a famous poet, a poet with personality and achievements in Huajian School. * * * once copied his "Climbing the Cup": "I wandered from the city, near Jipu, so I sent him away. I don't know if I was in this mood when I went to live. The golden boat was full of joy. It was very sad to continue. He swallowed his silk and said goodbye. The sail is gone, and the river waves are like snow. "
Sun Guangxian, who had always been conceited in literature, was in the south of Jingnan, dissatisfied and frustrated, and thought that his literary talent could not be displayed in the vassal shogunate. Every time I say to my confidant, "It is better to lean on a horse than to know the pen of the forest." He often sings Liu Yuxi's poem: "You can't write bitterness all your life, but empty words can warm your home."
Sun Guangxian loves natural history and ancient classics, and has thousands of books. Sometimes, he copied it himself, and he was diligent in proofreading, old but not waste. He kept his own photons. He is the author of Jingtai Ji, Ju Zhai Ji, Pen-playing Servant Ji, Gong Hu's Editing and Playing, North Dream, Silkworm Book and so on. Sun Guangxian Good Words, edited by Shu people, contains more than 60 of his poems. Among the poets of the Ten Kingdoms, except Xishu and Nantang, Guangxu in the south of Beijing is the only one.
What kind of literary thoughts does Sun Guangxian have? He believes that literature should be cold-hearted, not competitive, so as to reach the highest level. His ci not only has the gorgeous fragrance of "Huajian School" represented by Wen, but also has broader and richer themes than other Huajian Schools. Many words reflect the pain caused by social unrest and open up new artistic conception. For example, "Ding Xifan": "Lu Jishan rides in front, with white grass and light horseshoes. The magpie's face bows away from the short pheasant and bends to the moon successfully. There was a cloud singing outside the door, and Xiaohong was surprised. Di Zi pillow before the autumn night, frost cold moonlight, is already late at night. Where is the cold flute guarding the building? You can only smell it in your dreams. Looking back at Han Guan Wanli, I burst into tears. "
Sun Guangxian's notebook "The Story of the North Dream" records many anecdotes in the political, literary and folk circles of the Tang Dynasty, which is of great historical value. There is an unprecedented explanation in "North Dream", which says: "Jingzhou in the Tang Dynasty was in rags. Send away a juren every year, who is still unknown and nicknamed' Heaven Despair'. Mr. Liu Tuoshe and Jing Jie explained that the number is' unprecedented'. " This is the earliest record of the word "unprecedented".
Sun Guangxian's ci is famous for its harmonious scenes and graceful lingering. Representative works include Huanxisha, Bodhisattva Man, Beauty of Bai Weiling, Jiuquanzi, Qingpingle, More Leaky, Denggao Cup, Nangezi, Yingtianchang and so on. Among them, Qingpingle describes a girl's spring resentment and melancholy caused by "getting married and losing her partner", and "hiding the mirror does not mean to look down, thinking with the grass is sad", which is extremely sad and sympathetic.