Staphylococcus Nerva (Nerva, 1996-98)
Trajan (Trajan, 1998—1 17).
Hadrian (1 17—138, nicknamed "Yong Di")
Antoniou Asylum (Antoninus Pius, 138- 16 1 year, also translated as Antoine Asylum and Antoninus Pius).
Marcus Olieri (16 1 year-180, also translated as Marcus Olieri, nicknamed "philosopher emperor").
The succession of five people has made the politics of more than 80 years clear, which is in great contrast with the bloody events of 100. These five emperors were humble and concerned about their subjects, and this period was also the most powerful period of the Roman Empire since Augustus. This period is called the period of Roman rule, also known as the period of five wise emperors or the period of five wise emperors. Among them, Antoninus Pius (Antoniou Pius) had the longest reign, so this period was also called Antoninus Dynasty. However, because these emperors were not related by blood, the era of the Five Emperors could not be regarded as a dynasty.
Marcus cokeius Marcus Cocceius Nerva (35 years 165438+ 19981October 8-65438+1October 27, and also translated Nerva and church literature into Chinese). He was the first of the five emperors of the Roman Empire (96 -98) and the last Roman emperor born in the Italian Peninsula.
Marcus Cocceius nerva was born into an Italian aristocratic family. His grandfather was appreciated by the emperor Tiberius and was one of Tiberius' close friends on the island of Capri. Marcus Cocceius nerva himself followed Rome's "glorious promotion" in politics. In 7 1 year, he served as the consul of Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, and in 90, he served as the consul of Titus Flavius Domitianus.
1September 1996 18, Emperor Titus Flavius Domitianus was assassinated in the palace. That night, the Roman Senate immediately made Marcus Cocceius nerva, 6 1 year-old, emperor. Because of Titus Flavius Domitianus's intimidation of elders and nobles, Marcus Cocceius nerva announced the measures of "erasing memory" in Titus Flavius Domitianus-destroying and erasing all stone tablets, buildings and documents engraved with Titus Flavius Domitianus's achievements. In view of the prevalence of informers in the Titus Flavius Domitianus era, Marcus Cocceius nerva gave priority to leniency, refused to accept informers without evidence, released suspects accused of treason in the past and returned their property.
After Marcus Cocceius nerva took office, he did not actively investigate the cause of Titus Flavius Domitianus's death, which made people suspect that Marcus Cocceius nerva was one of the people behind the assassination attempt on the first emperor. Titus Flavius Domitianus was loved by the military, and the guards stationed in the capital expressed deep dissatisfaction with the emperor and vowed to avenge Titus Flavius Domitianus. In 65438+ 1997 10, the guards put Marcus Cocceius nerva under house arrest, forcing the emperor to hand over the murderer of Titus Flavius Domitianus. Marcus Cocceius nerva handed over Bartnius and let him die of torture.
Marcus Cocceius nerva is old and worried that he can't restrain the arrogance of the guards. In 654381October 27th, 1997, after a worship ceremony, Marcus Cocceius nerva announced to everyone in the square in front of the temple of Jupiter that he had adopted Trajan, the leader of the Upper Germanic Legion, who was prestigious in the army, and granted him the privileges of the tribune of Trajan and the commander of the Roman army (Proconsulare Maius). In addition, he nominated Trajan and himself as consular candidates in 1998. These acts have clearly indicated in jurisprudence that Marcus Cocceius nerva and Trajan are the joint rulers of the empire.
19981October 27th, 65438, Marcus Cocceius nerva died and Trajan succeeded to the throne smoothly. Marcus Cocceius nerva's system of adopting a prestigious person as the heir of the emperor was imitated by several emperors in later generations. This has also stabilized the imperial central government for nearly a century.
Trajan (Trajan, Trajan, September 18, August 9, 53- 1 17), emperor of the Roman Empire (98- 1 17), was one of the five wise emperors of the Roman Empire.
Trajan was born in Italian in 53 AD. He was the first Roman emperor born outside Italy. When he was in office, his martial arts were superb, which made the territory of the Roman Empire reach its peak under his rule. He once built the Trajan Column to record his achievements. Senator Zeng Zeng awarded him the title of "Best First Citizen".
Hadrian (Tacitus Elias TraJanas Hadrian, 65438+1October 24th, 76-65438+July10,038), nicknamed Emperor Yong, was one of the five sages of the Roman Empire, and was in office1/kloc-.
Hadrian was born in a wealthy immigrant family in Spain. He is a distant relative of the former monarch Trajan. In fact, Trajan never officially appointed an heir, but according to the Queen, he passed the throne to Hadrian before he died. Because the queen has a good impression on Hadrian, Hadrian's succession is probably arranged by her. He ascended the throne in 1 17. From 12 1 to 125, Hadrian devoted himself to opening up the northern border of the empire, and now it is close to Romania and Hungary in Central Europe. /kloc-in 0/22, Hadrian began to build Hadrian's Great Wall on the northern border of England. From 128 to 132, Hadrian continued to expand eastward until he reached the Mesopotamian plain.
Antoninus Pius (,1September 9, 86- 16 1 March 7, 138- 16 1 year in office, translated by Antoninus Pius, Antonius Beus and Antoniou pius. Hadrian adopted him, provided that he also adopted Marcus hollier.
Marcus O'Leary (121April 26th-180 March 17), whose full name is Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, is often translated by Chinese mainland. With the title of "Julius Caesar", he was the last emperor among the five emperors of the Roman Empire, and his reign time was 16 1 to 180.
Marcus hollier was one of the greatest emperors of the Roman Empire. He is not only a wise monarch, but also an accomplished thinker, including meditation in Greek. ε ? αυτ? ν) passed down from generation to generation. In the whole western civilization, Olieri uz is a rare saint. What is more worth mentioning is that although he yearns for peace, he has extraordinary military leadership skills.
Olieri uz was born in Rome on April 26th, 12 1, and grew up in a family with great political power and wealth. When I was young, I was noticed by the then Roman emperor Hadrian, so I got a special education. At the age of six, he was promoted to a knight. At the age of 7, he entered the Sallie College in Rome and received education from various cultural elites. It was the former emperor Hadrian who really pushed Olieri uz into politics. He adopted antonin Beye as his adopted son, provided that Antonin also adopted hollier Rius.
16 1 On March 7th, hollier Rius succeeded to the throne as Emperor of the Roman Empire. Since he took office, wars have continued and natural disasters have occurred frequently. /kloc-in 0/63, he invaded Armenia. At the same time, infectious diseases flooded the whole empire, but he successfully drove the Germanic nomadic tribes out of Roman territory. As a result of these wars, when hollier Rius was in power, the treasury was empty, and the emperor's life became increasingly poor. The wife is said to be lax in chastity and her sons are incompetent.
His famous saying: "Don't do wrong, don't tell lies."
/kloc-in 0/66, an envoy was sent to China Han Dynasty, that is, ivory, rhinoceros horn and tortoise shell were presented from southern Japan, which was the official traffic between China and Rome.