At the end of Yuanjia, Shang Shuling ordered He Shangzhi to live in Fangshan after retirement, and also wrote "Retirement Fu" to clarify his ambition. He Shangzhi is a famous Buddhist who worships Buddhism. Since then, when he was filial to Emperor Wu, another monk has been living in Fangshan, with notes of Sheng and Wei Mi Jing. This is the earliest evidence of the relationship between Fangshan and Buddhism. Fangshan is so good that the emperor came to join in the fun, and Emperor Wudi of Qi dreamed of leaving the palace here. Wang Rong and Shen Yue, great poets, both wrote poems about "Feng Fangshan should be imperial edict", which is probably related to this matter: Feng Fangshan should be imperial edict to Wang Rong, who is going to Linqiu County. The sun feather mirror frost invertors, cloud flag falling wind. Four Liang Ying in sight, eight Wan Yuru in sight. I stole from Jia and gave you a present. Visiting Fangshan should be a letter to Shen Yue, telling the story of the night in Qin and Han Dynasties. Sing a song in the sun and build a feather pool sooner or later. If gold floats, it will shrug its shoulders. A touch of nine dew, Chenopodium finally knew. Later, Zhu Hongwu moved Fangshan's mind in his later years. "He ordered the household department to be five miles away from Banqiao outside Zhengyangmen, from Niushou Mountain to Fangshan, and from the river to Shanglinyuan in the west, and the household department sought to stop it." The prosperity of Fangshan is closely related to the status of Nanjing, with one glory and one loss.
After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty unified the north and south, he did two bad things to Nanjing. One is that Taicheng in the Six Dynasties was razed to farmland, which is not bad. The palace where no one lives will eventually be abandoned, and ordinary people can build a house with two more bricks. Another thing is really "difficult to destroy flowers." Pogangdu was abandoned, and Nanjing was like being reinforced, cutting off the close connection with the land of Sanwu, and the martial arts were all wasted. Later, when the Southern Tang Dynasty was founded, because Taihu Lake was basically controlled by wuyue, the southeast waterway was still impassable.
In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Wushu suffered a great loss. He returned from the south of the Yangtze River with a fleet full of goods. He wanted to bypass Zhenjiang, and was trapped in Huang Tiandang, which is full of reeds and harbors. He was almost taken to Jiaozi by Han Shizhong. When Zhu Yuanzhang arrived, Pogangdu could not be restored, so he had to reopen the Rouge River in Lishui to solve the traffic problem with southern Jiangsu. After the Six Dynasties, although the importance of Fangshan decreased, it was still the only way to the south. Fangshan was involved in the war many times because of the tight traffic arteries.
At the end of Han Dynasty, Sun Ce settled in Jiangdong and fought the first hard battle in Nanjing Moling City. Not only did the lottery hang up, but the city didn't fall. His main rival, Rong Rong, a local warlord in Nanjing, was not only good at fighting, but also the first Buddhist in Nanjing. At that time, Moling County was located in Moling Pass, west of Fangshan Mountain. The folklore was chased to Fangshan Mountain by Sun Ce, and the horse fell and died, leaving the place name of Moling XiaMa Jian. In fact, Sun Ce's storm was unfavorable, so he had to bypass Moling and take Qu 'a, the lair of the boss Liu You. Yu Rong later fell out with his boss Liu You and died of infighting. The name Fangshan really appeared in the history of war, when Liu Song killed Liu Shao of Lao Zi Song Wendi. In order to resist the attack of his younger brother Liu Jun (later Emperor Xiaowu), he ordered the destruction of Fangshan Dai and prevented the eastern army from entering Jiankang. At the end of Liang Dynasty, the Northern Qi army also bypassed Fangshan and attacked Jiankang from the south. Fangshan also has the site of Yuewangtai. Yue Fei withdrew Guangde from Jiankang South to fight guerrilla warfare, and did pass Fangshan. Fangshan Mountain left the largest number of military sites, and it was also the underground works of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's early national army, and the concrete was poured as a whole. Some of its entrances and exits are open, the top is covered with soil to plant vegetation, and the doors and external walls are painted with pine trees, which are spacious and can reach two or three meters high; Some are vertical shafts, which are relatively hidden, and there are steps on both sides for going up and down; Underground fortifications are connected by tunnels, which are unfathomable. At that time, the peripheral positions defending Nanjing were in Jiangning Town, Niushoushan, Fangshan, chunhua town, Tangshan and Longtan, forming a southeast arc, consisting of permanent reinforced concrete fortifications, barbed wire and anti-car trenches. Fangshan area is particularly strong, and most of the entrances and exits of underground works are located at the end of the mountainside, commanding, backed by cliffs, easy to defend but difficult to attack.
1937, 12 During the Nanjing Defence War, the 74th Army of Yu Jishi was in charge of Niushou Mountain, Fangshan Mountain and Chunhua Line. With Qinhuai River as the boundary, Fangshan and Chunhua defenders are the fifty-first division of Wang, and Niushoushan defenders are the fifty-eighth division. In Fangshan is Cheng Zhi, head of the 302nd regiment of 5 1 Division. The defense zone of 5 1 division, especially Chunhua, is the key attack area of the Japanese army. According to the evaluation of the Japanese troops participating in the war, the fortifications in Chunhua area are extremely strong, but there are very few troops. Despite this, the Japanese army still suffered heavy casualties and it was very difficult to move forward in the end. At that time, the defenders of Chunhua were just a group of three O's, but they were fighting against the mechanized troops, infantry, artillery, tanks, engineers and planes. On the third day of the bloody battle, the head of the team, Ji Hongru, suffered casualties 1400, without taking a step back. Later, because the nearby Tangshui (now Tangshan) fell, it was forced to retreat. Fangshan is to the west of Chunhua, and the enemy is the Austrian brigade of the Japanese 1 14 Division (128 Brigade). Major General Ao pushed to the northeast of Fangshan, and then turned back to the main divisions on the west bank of Qinhuai River. He never dares to attack directly. Cheng Zhi was killed in the battle to recover Saigong Bridge (now Saihong Bridge) in southwest Nanjing a few days later. The 51st Division suffered more than 7,800 casualties in defending Nanjing. Four regiments were killed and three regiments were injured. Among them, Zhang, the head of the 3O5 regiment, was seriously injured in the battle to support Chunhua, and the head of the 3O6 regiment was injured on the west wall of Zhonghua Gate. Let's say a few more words about this, because there are still two days left in 2007, and the seventieth National Day will be held. ) The world famous mountain is Buddhism and Taoism, and Fangshan Mountain is also a famous religious mountain, which has developed Buddhism and Taoism for thousands of years. Taoism, in particular, has a special position because Ge Xuan, the founder of "Second Brother and Three Zhang", initiated the metaphysics in Shannan Cave, and Ge Hong later lived in seclusion here. After six years of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, he still lived in Xuanguan in Fangdong, and the scale expanded. In the Song Dynasty, Yang Xiu wrote the poem "You Guan Dong": "Ge Xing travels three thousand miles, and goes to the sky in the daytime. After leaving the old altar, future generations will believe in immortals. " In the Ming dynasty, the cave entrance was under the jurisdiction of the Chaotian Palace, and it was orthodox for 12 years, giving it a Taoist collection. It was abolished in the Republic of China and is one of the oldest Taoist temples in China. In addition, there is the Bao Hua Palace on Fangshan, which was built by the Lord for the Empress Dowager in the Southern Tang Dynasty and moved to the south gate in the Southern Song Dynasty. Fangshan Temple, another historic site in Fangshan, was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and dedicated to Jaco, an Anhui Guangde God, which belongs to local folk beliefs. Jaco, a Han nationality, was revered as the Zushan Emperor by later generations, and was blocked in dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, one of the ten halls of Jiming Temple was dedicated to him, and now there are more than 1,000 Zhangbo halls in southeast provinces. This has something to do with the worship of pig spirit, because he once opened the door of blasphemy, so there is no need to sacrifice pork to Emperor Zhang. Buddhism developed later than Taoism. In addition to the seclusion of lay monks in the Southern Dynasties, the earliest temple tested was in the Song Dynasty. The most famous is Ding Lin Temple, a famous temple in the Six Dynasties, which was moved from Zhongshan Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty. Repeatedly destroyed and built, the road is bumpy. The leaning tower of Ding Lin Temple only existed for 800 years. In recent years, a new hall has been built, and it is ready to gradually restore its old appearance. There are also ruins temples on the mountain, such as Haihui Temple, Dong Xia Temple Temple and Baoji Temple, which are all recorded as ancient temples in the Six Dynasties in the Selected Temples of Ding Lin. The appendix was submitted by Ding Lin Temple, but I checked the Buddhist scriptures and local chronicles at hand, and there was no relevant record. Haihui Temple is located in Shilongchi on the top of the mountain. Zhu Dai's textual research on Jinling historic site is said to be "newly built in recent years" and belongs to the Republic of China. Shilongchi, a famous Fangshan scenic spot in Ming Dynasty, did not dry up after the drought. After liberation, it belonged to a military region, and now it is being renovated and turned into a scenic spot. Dong Xia Temple is located at the eastern foot of Fangshan. According to Brahma Jinling, this is a small temple in Ming Dynasty, which belongs to Ding Lin Temple. Bao Ji 'an, Zhu Dai said it was built in the Song Dynasty, and there was a monk tower in the Song and Yuan Dynasties behind the temple. After liberation, the local villagers were investigated and it was determined that Baojian Temple was the place where Li Xiucheng was captured. However, according to Li Xiucheng's self-report, it was captured as Haihui Temple. Fangshan in the Ming Dynasty, although there are two leading ancient temples, the Cave Mystery Temple and the Ding Lin Temple, which can earn some incense fame, are both secondary temples and cannot make a big splash. The top of Fangshan Mountain is a crater made of basalt. Seen from the surrounding valley plain, the cliff stands upright and the top is like a cut, so it is also called Yintian Mountain. Shrubs and miscellaneous trees grow thickly on the mountain. In the eyes of laymen, it is a good place to collect firewood. When there are more woodcutters, tourists will see a scene-"Yin Tian woodcutter's song". From Eight Scenes of Jinling selected in the Ming Dynasty to Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling reviewed in the Qing Dynasty, there will be no shortage of them. In the end, they are all old-school scenic spots. Shi Jin, who was then the official of Yingtianfu in Hongwu, was probably the first person to sing "Eight Scenes of Jinling" (many people know the Eight Scenes of Jinling painted by Guo Ren, the earliest person in Jiangning, but they don't know that the theory of "Eight Scenes of Jinling" actually existed as early as the early Ming Dynasty, and its name was basically used by future generations). In his "Yin Tian Woodman's Song", he said: "There are green snails in the green hills, and every time you smell firewood, there is a song. Dark cranes dream through clouds, so they should let go. Several and a half times, I listened to the stick, and sometimes a song passed through the forest. Come and relax in the evening and sing a song in front of the rock. " Shi Jin also wrote a poem "The Sunset is Printed in the Sky": "The mountain shape is like a pavilion, and the clear sky is Wan Li, which is greener than Qinhuai Xiusuo Clock. A few oblique days, white clouds and mangroves cast double shadows. " Besides the woodcutter's songs, Fangshan spring water is also a good thing to taste tea. The Ming Dynasty recorded 24 famous springs in Jinling in Trivia of Jinling, and Fangshan monopolized Bagua Spring and Gexian Wengdan Well. With the increasing number of tourists, there are more pure poems about travel, such as "Climbing to the Top of Fangshan" by Xu Gu of Amin Dynasty: "Yin Tianshan looks far away in the third year of high school, and his clothes are swaying. Deep rock grass is still lush in autumn, and the pool water is clear and dry. Scattered green mountains surround Jin Dian, and you can see Xiao Dan when you look up. In the cave, I love those who live in truth. I don't believe there is a city in the world. " Since then, the tourism value of Fangshan has gradually surpassed the religious value. Now the plan to revitalize Fangshan is to use the name of the scenic spot, and the rebuilt temple is just one of the scenic spots. There are not many historical sites in the mountain, but the climbing stone path is considerable. Except for a few volcanic rocks, most of them are paved with the cornerstones and stone tablets of local ancient buildings, surrounded by Shi Gandang, Mendang, Mountain Boundary Monument, Ancestor Monument, Ma Tieshi, etc., and the grand scene of that year is vivid and exciting.