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Wanli Dynasty was the beginning of Ming Dynasty's rule and chaos. Later generations talk about the death of Ming dynasty, and there is a saying that "Ming dynasty died in Wanli". However, the border administration of Wanli Dynasty was once quite effective, which not only depended on the economic foundation laid by Zhang Fuzheng during the Wanli period, but also depended on two famous border officials, Qi Jiguang in the southeast and Li in the northeast. Although Qi Jiguang's skill in running the army and his achievements in peacetime were more praised by later generations, at that time, Li's fame was far better than this. In the Ming Dynasty, when officials were afraid of death and the frontier fortress was deserted, Li Shou-bei had been in the northern frontier fortress for more than 40 years and in Liaodong for nearly 30 years. He repeatedly defeated powerful people and conquered nomadic tribes in the north, making 15,000 times of meritorious deeds and expanding his territory by nearly a thousand miles. Although the Qing Dynasty wrote the History of the Ming Dynasty, it was quite derogatory to him, but we have to admit that "Bian Shuai's martial arts are unprecedented in the past two hundred years".
"Xiang Liang, your deed. Gao Zuying was attached to the DPRK and was given the command of Tieling Wei, so he was at home. " (Biography of Ming History 126, the same below) Textual research shows that Li Zu was born in Longxi, and moved to Korea after the Tang Dynasty to avoid chaos. However, to this day, most members of the Lee family have naturalized in Korea and regard Lee as a Korean.
Although Li's "Ying Jian" is a great talent, it was not really reused until after forty years old. "Biography of Ming History" 126 said: "If you are poor, you can't be laid off. Forty years old or a student. Patrol according to the suggestion, all into Beijing, is to attack. " Poverty is not the real reason, because the officers at that time were not high in status and were all hereditary. As an immigrant from North Korea, the Li family will be discriminated against and excluded to some extent. If it weren't for Li's lifelessness and many worries, he might not even get the position of a hereditary official, and he will be unknown from now on. "When it is, although the anda period of plug, and han minister tuman and from the father black carboniferous, brother committee is, big committee is, from the younger brother warm rabbit, arch rabbit, child prophetic weeks, from the son huang taiji potential square strong. Minister Taining quickly fired flowers and flowers, while Minister Dong Huli and Minister Chang Angzuo blossomed. It is also a glimpse that Aric, Wang Wutang, Qing Jiabi and Yang belong to the east. " It was the endless troubles in the north that gave him a place to display his talents.
During this period, Li mainly fought against Mongolian tribes and eventually became the company commander of Liaodong because of his brilliant exploits. "In the first year of Qin Long, Jinshi entered Yongping. Cheng Liang's reinforcements made meritorious service and became a deputy company commander ... In April of three years, Zhang and others lost their positions, entered Liang Ying and cut them ... and recorded their work, ranking first. In September of four years, Ai Xin entered Liaodong. The company commander Wang Zhidao died in battle, and he was appointed as the commander of Liang Shubu to take his place. " Only one year behind Qi Jiguang.
By the Wanli period, Li had "become a successful teacher and made efforts to make a difference". Liaodong became a solid barrier, and nomadic tribes of all sizes were defeated by joint invasion or individual provocation. They expanded their territory by 700 miles, built six forts in Kuandian, opened trade markets in Kaiyuan, Qinghe and Fushun, and established friendly relations with local tribes. The History of Ming Dynasty is basically a dazzling history of military exploits for Li Lai.
By the Ming dynasty, most of the unrest in the north came from Mongolian tribes. At that time, the Tuman department was the most threatening nomadic force, and often assembled other tribes to invade the border and dispatched tens of thousands of riders at every turn. In the ninth year of Wanli, Guangning was besieged by hundreds of thousands of cavalry and could not be conquered. In March of the tenth year of Wanli, Li ambushed and killed the Touman leader, Kuaibahai. "Kuaibahai suffered from Liao Zuo for twenty years and even died", and this strong enemy was subdued. Another powerful tribe, Yehe Department of Haixi, was conquered in the 17th year of Wanli after disintegration, and its leader Narinboro demanded surrender.
The predecessor of Manchu Dynasty was Jianzhou Jurchen Department. From the south of Qinghe River to the mouth of Yalu River, it belonged to Jianzhouwei at that time and was controlled by Jurchen tribe. After the country has gradually grown, it has also become another major threat to the border defense. In the second year of Wanli, Li led an army to crusade against statehood, destroyed Wang Gaocun, the leader of Jurchen, and arrested and put him to death. In the eighth year of Wanli, Li defeated Wu Tang, another leader of Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou, and expelled him from Saibei, and his department declined from then on. In the 11th year of Wanli, Li once again sent troops to attack Aric's son. Nurhachi's father Taksi was Aric's granddaughter-in-law, who died in this war, and Nurhachi and his younger brother Shurhaqi were captured. The Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty said: "Mao and his brother Shuerhaqi are not in the army, and their wives are married and look strange, and they return home in the dark. "unofficial history" also said that Nurhachi was collected by Li when he was young, and only fled a few years later. The Chronicle of Ming History says that Tucker was a member of Aric, but he joined Li and died as the forerunner of this action. So, Li sent the remaining army to Nurhachi and wrote a letter to the viceroy, ordering him to attack the viceroy. Nurhachi later became full-fledged and unified the ministries of Jurchen. After Yuan Jin was founded, revenge for his father and ancestors was one of his so-called "seven great hates".
The brilliant record on the edge of Li Zhen made "Mo Di present the suburban temple, the courtiers congratulated him, and the python gave him a stack of thick clothes and gold." Joined Fengning, and added honorary positions such as Prince Shaobao, Taifu and Commander Shiyi Jinyi. "Zi Rusong: Bai Ru: Ruzhen: Zhang Ru and Rumei are all company commanders: Such as catalpa, catalpa, osmanthus, and south, it is also an official. " At that time, he made great contributions, and now he has become an out-and-out Northeast guard.
Power brings corruption. Li's prominence made him "respected by all his descendants and servants", but he was "arrogant and extravagant". The political style of the Ming dynasty has been quite declining in Wanli. Scholar-officials formed a party for personal gain and bribed the people to do business. Everything depends on showing human feelings, climbing relationships and making good profits. Although Li is in a high position, he is unambiguous in this respect. He used gold and silver to "instill power and make friends with courtiers and Chinese and foreign dignitaries, all of which have great weight and influence." Even Zhang was bribed by him when he was in power. The Ming History accuses Li of "putting all the interests of Liao businessmen into his cage", which is of course exaggerated. However, Li not only controlled the military in Liaodong at that time, but also controlled the economy in Northeast China. "Pay, horse price, salt class, city reward and annual merit are all right", which is both a warlord and a matter of course.
Li Zhijun is different from Qi Jiguang. Qi Jiguang leads troops by system, Li rewards meritorious soldiers by personal prestige and personality charm, and boosts morale by promising wealth. Therefore, "all the forces of war in the future are borrowed from athletes." Later athletes Li Pinghu, Li Ning, Li Xing, Qin Deyi and Sun Shoulian were all rich and expensive, and they had a special city. " The enterprising spirit in the early years was completely lost, and the achievements gradually turned from prosperity to decline. First, I was afraid of fighting. Later, it was reported that defeat disguised as work and killing good people took credit. Although these are all done by subordinates, Li is hard to blame. In March of the 19th year of Wanli, "Cheng Liang ... ordered Li Ning, the deputy commander, and others to go out of the city to attack Ban Sheng ... The division was also attacked, and thousands of people were killed. Cheng Liang and Governor Trent didn't listen. " This incident became the fuse, and some Beijing officials who were dissatisfied with it began to make a fuss and condemned it. Seeing that the situation was unfavorable, Li wrote to resign. Li was forced to take a back seat after twenty-two years in Liaozhen.
After Li left office, Liaodong had no right-hand man. "It's easier to be eight handsome in ten years, while preparing for the benefits." Li's eldest son, Li, is also a great soldier. In the middle of Wanli, he was the main commander in the two major battles of helping North Korea and making peace with the left and worshipping the left, and both of them won a great victory. In the twenty-five years of Wanli, Li was finally appointed as the company commander of Liaodong despite many criticisms. Unfortunately, Li was killed in a battle with Mongolian tribes a year later. The situation in Liaodong is not optimistic, which forced Li to go out again. By this time, Li was eighty years old.
Liaodong at this time is not what it was then. The Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, under the leadership of Nurhachi, is getting stronger and stronger, which makes the ministries in the four directions afraid of clothes and hard to shake. Li had to change his strategy, turn the offensive to the defensive, give up Kuandian area and move local residents to the mainland, with the aim of consolidating the wall and clearing the field, creating a buffer zone conducive to attack and defense, and curbing the invasion of Jurchen. There was no fault in this move strategically, but the officials in Beijing were in an uproar, accusing Li of neglecting everything and humiliating the country, including the famous minister who was more conservative than Li when he was guarding Liaodong later. However, this time, the emperor stood on Li's side and accused all parties. "The emperor Su became a beam as soon as possible, knowing that he could not stay in China."
After Li was reinstated, he advocated official non-governmental trade exchanges with northern ministries, focusing on appeasement. "The ministries are Usagi and Henry, and they are rewarded for their profits." Nearly nine years later, Liaodong was stable and there was no war.
In June of the thirty-fourth year of Wanli, Li died, and he was ordered to pay a public sacrifice. A generation of famous soldiers finally died in the white water of Montenegro during his military career, and this dynasty that buried him deeply was destroyed by civil strife half a century later, and was also buried by the emerging national fighters from this land.
Yeluliugo
Yeluliuge (1 165- 1220), an emerging (ancient Yinzhou) person in the Jin Dynasty, was a Qidan person, and was originally a thousand households in northern Shanxi. At the end of Jin Dynasty, Mongolian Temujin (Genghis Khan) set out to build Mongolia. Jin was suspicious and wary of Khitan, a adherent of Liao Dynasty in China, for fear that he would echo the Mongols. So he ordered the Khitan residents all over the country to be sandwiched between two jurchen families. Yelv Liu Ge couldn't stand the discrimination of Jin people and ran away. Ren Shen (12 12) raised flags in Hanzhou (now Bamiancheng in Changtu) and Longan (Nong 'an in Jilin) to rally the Khitans against Jin. The surrounding Khitans responded in succession, and in a few months, hundreds of people gathered. Jeruge was promoted to marshal. When the Mongols attacked the gold, Yeluge threw a hat in the name of the Khitan army, and Genghis Khan allowed him to stay where he was.
The following year, Pu Xian Wannu, a general of the Golden School, besieged Yelv, and Yelv fought against him in Guiren County (now surrounded by Changtu), and defeated the nomads from the army. Yelv took advantage of the situation to take Liaodong County. Jin Er is known as the King of Liao, "the old capital of Xianping (now Kaiyuan), Zhongjing, posthumous title". At that time, it was suggested that Lu Ye continue to be emperor alone, but he refused, saying that he had worked for Mongolia and would never stand on his own feet. Later, Ye Liuliu broke gold in Tokyo (now Liaoyang), and later presented more than 90 cars of gold and silver to meet Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan praised him as "loyal and efficient", but he was still named King Liao, stationed in Xianping, and gave him a golden hoop. In the year of Geng Chennian (1220), Yeluliu died at the age of 56. His son attacked Jue, went to the Western Ocean with Genghis Khan, and was deeply loved. Later, he moved to Guangning (now Beining City, Liaoning Province).
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Gao was born in 1660 and died in 1734. His ancestral home is Tieling (now Liaoning). The word Wei Zhi, numbers and gardens. Li was born in the Han army, his father was Tianjue, and he lived in Suzhou Zhizhou. He went from the palace to the assistant minister of punishments, and also from Zhejiang Salt Transportation. Be diligent after death. He is good at painting flowers and birds, animals, figures and landscapes, and his simplicity and vitality are close to that of Wei Wu in the Ming Dynasty. Especially famous for finger painting. Grandnephew Gao Bing wrote an article about finger painting and recorded its painting method and anecdotes. Paintings handed down from ancient times include Gorkon's independent picture, rice ear mantis picture, Song Yin's Xiaoqi picture, finger painting figures (10 page) and so on. Hunting map, silk edition, color finger painting. Vertical 14 1 cm, horizontal 77 cm. Now in Liaoning Provincial Museum. This painting depicts hunting in the wild. In the composition processing, two ancient trees were drawn in the upper part of the picture by the method of "interception", which occupied one third of the picture. Both old trees have cut off a section of trunk. Although this close-up is limited, it is very memorable. The lower part describes the hunter's hunting scene with two-thirds of the picture. The hunter's facial expression and appearance are lifelike, lifelike. The hound followed the horse, staring back at its prey in shock, and its head held high was also very vivid. This painting also has its own characteristics in expression. Characters' clothes pleats, dog and horse outlines and other lines are all outlined with nails, which are fine and stiff, flying at will, clumsy and lively. From this picture, we can see that the author is very handy in fingering and using ink, leaving no handprints and ink marks, and he is also unrestrained in composition, which just gives full play to his expertise in fingering and painting.
Draw a spring pool without slope. Mandarin ducks swim among weeping willows, willow branches float with the wind and birds fly up and down. It refers to ink grass, which makes the picture dynamic. The title on the lower left is "Kangxi Renchen in the early summer, Tieling master refers to painting". Renchen painted it in the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), when the painter was forty-one years old.
Wei xiejun
Wei (1812-1889) was born in Tieling. The first name is Changtai, the word Jpua, also known as Bo Yang, Gongyin, Liyan Old Man, Zhiting, Laonong, Shanren, and other names are Tiemin and Jiumei Laishi. Out of admiration for (Zheng Banqiao Zheng Xie), it was renamed Xie Jun. Wei juvenile studies and is eager to learn all his life. Love ancient Chinese, be good at calligraphy, and write poetry is better. Xianfeng is a scholar in the county. He worked as a secretary in Simatai for five years, and then returned to Tieling. He set up dozens of acres of land in Hongxing Village in the south of the city (now Hongxing Village in Liqianhu Township, Tieling County), and devoted himself to farming and painting. Over the past 30 years, he has written more than 3,000 poems, including Poems of Jiumei Village, Notes of Xiangxuezhai, Miscellaneous Notes of Mengmeixuan, Notes of Famine History and so on.
In the three years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1864), Wei, 52, went to Beijing for fame with great ambition, but failed to do so. Although he came last in scientific research, the examiner spoke highly of his calligraphy. Wei's calligraphy is based on Tingjian and Ming Dynasty painter Dong Qichang. He is good at regular script and cursive script, and his brushwork is smooth, vigorous, accurate and elegant. The examiner wrote a comment on the paper that "the word shocked Kyushu". For a time, the word "Zhen Jiu Zhou Wei" became a person on par with "Wen Ya San Jiang" and became a popular couplet. Wei attacked poetry all his life, but his calligraphy is widely known in North Korea, especially in the northeast.
Wei lives in seclusion in a mountain village, not in the city, and often works in the mountains. He took pleasure in teaching every day, was willing to be a poor scholar, did not strive for fame and fortune, planted flowers and learned calligraphy, and lived a hermit's life until he died at the age of 77 in the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889). He wrote in the poem "Living in a Leisure Place and Sending Prosperity": "To hide the door alone and be a corrupt scholar, avoiding fame and profit. Add thorns to the broken fence, and the old house is made of reeds. Planting trees and flowers is a business, and writing three pages is kung fu. Stay idle to prevent poetry friends from coming and prepare a pot of bedside wine. "
Ren chenfu
Ren (1884- 19 18) was the first Bolshevik in China. A great communist fighter who participated in the October Revolution in Russia; Outstanding leader of China workers; Head of "China Red Eagle Regiment" of the Soviet Red Army. Ren was born in Hejian Village, Xibao Township, Tieling County. When I was a teenager, I studied in the famous Yin Gang Academy in Tieling, and lived, studied and worked in Tieling, Shenyang and Harbin successively. At the beginning of the 20th century, China, suffering from internal troubles and foreign invasion, was plunged into an extreme crisis abyss. The dark reality deeply inspired the young Ren's sense of mission to save the country and the people. /kloc-when he was 0/7 years old, he worked as a clerk on the Middle East Railway built in Russia and learned Russian. During the period of 1908, 24-year-old Ren became an instructor of China at the Russian Military Academy in Harbin, and got to know the young officers of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party who were still in a secret state at that time, and began to contact the proletarian revolutionary theory. This year, he secretly joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik), which was called "the poor party" by Chinese workers at that time, and embarked on the revolutionary road.
19 14 when the first world war broke out, according to the provisions of the allies, Russia called a group of Chinese workers in China to Russia to cut trees and mine. Entrusted by the Bolshevik Party, as a member of the foreign affairs department, he took 2000 Chinese workers to the Alabayevsk mining area in Perm province of Urals, Russia, to carry out revolutionary activities among Chinese workers.
19 17 When the great October Revolution broke out, Ren was ordered to organize Chinese workers in Russia to be incorporated into the Soviet Red Army, known as the "China Regiment" to participate in the struggle to defend the new Soviet regime. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union and Russia fought fiercely and frequently. The "China Regiment" was founded more than a year ago and fought hundreds of battles. Because of its strong combat capability, "China Regiment" is often dispatched as the main force in the most critical and arduous battles, becoming the most fearsome heroic force in the eastern theater, so it was named "Red Eagle Regiment" by the Central Committee of the CPSU. At that time, communists and Urals workers reported that "China Regiment is one of the best Red Army companies on our front". 165438+1On the night of October 29th, Ren, the commander-in-chief of Weiya Battlefield in Ural Region, died unfortunately in the fierce battle with Horqin White Bandits, which contributed to the establishment and consolidation of the first socialist regime in mankind.
After Ren Chenfu died, Lenin, the great revolutionary mentor, met his wife and children and praised him as a brave soldier, an excellent commander and an excellent Bolshevik. During the period of 1958, the Prime Minister said: Comrade Ren gave his life for the cause of proletarian liberation as early as the October Revolution. He is our martyr and his revolutionary achievements are the glory of our country. 12, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the former Soviet Union held a ceremony in Beijing to posthumously award the Red Flag Medal to China's internationalist hero. Major newspapers and periodicals such as People's Daily, China Youth Daily, Beijing Evening News, World Expo and Encyclopedia Britannica published articles introducing Ren's deeds. 1993165438+1On October 28th, Tieling Municipal People's Government held a grand unveiling ceremony of the statue of Ren Martyr in Tieling Martyrs Cemetery. The leaders of the municipal party committee and government said in their speeches: Ren is a great internationalist fighter, a proletarian hero, a good son of the people of China, a pioneer of the youth in northern Liaoning and the pride of the people in northern Liaoning!
Zhao Benshan
1957 10 was born in shizuigou, Lianhua village, kaiyuan city, Tieling, and grew up on a farm. Zhao Benshan's comic sketches are well known to all women and children, and have won the first prize of CCTV Spring Festival Evening for many years in a row, and have been praised by the audience as "Red Comedian", "King of Sketches", "Land God", "Oriental Chaplin" and "China Comedian". Artistic morality is noble, and I never forget my hometown. He has donated hundreds of thousands of yuan to the Hope Project in the disaster area and his hometown. Liu Laogen, Liu Laogen Ⅱ and Ma Dashuai are the directors and leading roles of this series of TV dramas. In addition, they also directed and participated in "Country Love Story" and "Mr. Kanto", which made China's film and television comedy take a big step forward. Zhao Benshan is currently a national first-class actor of Tieling Folk Art Troupe, a member of China Quyi Artists Association, a vice chairman of Liaoning Quyi Artists Association, a member of all-china youth federation, a member of Liaoning Provincial Political Consultative Conference and an image ambassador of Tieling City.