Biandukou is located in Minle County, Zhangye City (under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province.
Biandukou: Located in the middle of Qilian Mountain, 30 kilometers south of Minle County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, on both sides of National Highway 227. The tourist area is divided into five communities 12 main scenic spots, namely: Biandukou Canyon tourist area, Taipo Donggou leisure and sightseeing area, sports and leisure resort area and management service area. The most famous scenic spots in the tourist area are Biandu Canyon, Black Wind Tunnel, Stone Buddha, Zhuge Monument and the pastoral scenery of blue sky and yellow flowers.
Minlebian Ferry in Gansu: a dangerous gorge running through the ancient Tang-Fan Road and Hexi Corridor.
In the middle of the rolling Qilian Mountains, at the southern end of Minle County, Gansu Province, there is a peak mouth no more than ten feet wide. It is the border ferry, which was called "big barrel pulling valley" by the ancients. Biandukou Canyon is deep and rugged, connecting Gansu and Qinghai from north to south. The mountains in the valley are rugged, the water is heavy and the stone is strange, and the two cliffs stand abruptly. The terrain here is dangerous, which has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times and an important channel for business travel. The ancient Tang-Fan Road runs through Gansu Ganzhou and Hexi Corridor from Ledu, Qinghai, meets the Silk Road halfway, and reaches the western regions and Europe.
The ancient customs were guarded by soldiers throughout the ages.
Biandukou is located in the southeast of Minle County, Zhangye City, at the junction of Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Ebao Town, Qilian County, Qinghai Province in Nantong, and Chaomian Village, Minle County, Gansu Province in the north. The canyon is 28 kilometers long and the throat is only 10 meter wide. Since ancient times, Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province has passed through Huangzhong Expressway in Qinghai Province. In ancient times, the border ferry was called "barrel-pulling", also known as "barrel-pulling" or "barrel-pulling" "Ganzhou County Records" Volume 8 Rong Bingzai: "The border ferry is thirty-five miles away from the city. Old Tzu Chi Town is 250 miles southeast. Lentil mouth of Xining Avenue in Qinghai. Grass and licorice are lush, and the road is smooth. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Julian Waghann has been generally taxed, and today's businessmen are also allowed to do so. There is a huge monument in Yunkou, and its words are peeling off. You must know it. I don't know when it will stand up. "
During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Central Plains was divided into Kyushu, and the border ferry belonged to Yongzhou, where Rong and Qiang were stationed. During the Qin Dynasty, Ren Yue lived, and there was Dongcheng, Ren Yue (now Gu Yong Town, Minle County) under Qilian Mountain. "Minle County Records" contains: "In the fourteenth year before Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (BC 166), the Xiongnu always joined forces with Wusun to attack Yue on a large scale,' killing the King of Yue with his head as a drinking vessel', and Yue moved westward again. A few people stay in Hexi, which is called abortion. Since then, the county has been under the jurisdiction of the Xiongnu Evil King, a subordinate of Xiongnu Right Wang Xian. "
Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, the border ferry has been an important channel for Qiang, Xiongnu, Turkic, Uighur, Tubuhun and Tubo nationalities in the west to compete with each other and enter and leave Gansu and Qinghai. "Biography of General Wei in Historical Records" contains: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "In the second year of Yuan Shou (BC 12 1 year), with the top scholar Hou Huo Qubing as the general, he rode out of Longxi for six days and crossed Yanqi Mountain for more than a thousand miles to collect sacrifices for the people." Huo Qubing made a long-distance raid, crossed the Qilian Mountains from the northeast of Qinghai, pulled out the Biandukou Valley through a big barrel, and camped in Heishui Village (now Huocheng Town, Shandan County), highlighting the encirclement of Xiongnu with the plan of "guarding the city, taking off the cage, sheep drum, rat hole, people east and Longxi"; In the village of fried noodles (now Nanfeng Township, Minle County), we processed fried noodles and prepared enough rations. In the village of Baguaying (now Gu Yong Town, Minle County), we set up a strange array, captured the Xiongnu Evil King City (the old city of Gu Yong, now Gu Yong Town, Minle County), and beheaded the Xiongnu Evil King, Guo Xiang and Dewey by more than 8,000 levels. That is, along Yanqi Mountain (a branch of Qilian Mountain, also known as' Deleted Danshan',' Rouge Mountain',' Rouge Mountain' and' Dahuangshan' to the east to the ancient Tibet (now Wuwei City). It coincides with the Huns' spring memorial day ("The Biography of Southern Huns in the Later Han Dynasty" contains: "Huns' custom, there is Sanlong Palace at the age of 20. I often worship God in the first month, May and September. "Hugh Tu Wang Cheng (now Sancha Village, Siba Township, 32 kilometers northeast of Wuwei City) sacrificed to the god of heaven and earth, and the soldiers and civilians gathered to guard against lax. Huo Jun suddenly fell from the sky, like a bamboo sweeping the city, and the golden statue sealed in a shrine was returned to the East. In the summer of that year, Huo Qubing attacked Hexi again, crossed Qilian Mountain and took Liu Xiahui _ De (northwest of Zhangye City 12 national road, 15 kilometers, commonly known as "Blackwater Country", which dealt a heavy blow to Xiongnu. In the autumn of the same year, the evil king Xiongnu killed the king of Xiutu and led more than 40 thousand people to fight against Han. Hanyang Grassland (now Shandan Military Horse Farm) was the official pasture of the Han Dynasty. Xiongnu lost a large area of natural grassland under Qilian Mountain and Yanqi Mountain, leaving a sad "ballad": "Losing Qilian Mountain makes my six animals unhappy; Losing my mountain makes my woman colorless! "This is the earliest record of pulling grain in vats in history.
In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (BC 1 1 1), the Western Han Dynasty set up a captain to protect Qiang in Bianchi (now Minle County), sending 5,000 troops into five teams, including three cavalry teams, which were stationed indefinitely; A group of infantry, stationed in Chicheng; A team of archers were stationed in the animal husbandry center of Gu Yong, the former evil king of Xiongnu, to prevent military invasion. "Minle County Records" contains: "In the first year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 89), Deng Xun, a captain protecting Qiang, invaded Anchi in order to prevent Hu Qiang from invading the first year of Yongning in Andi (AD 120), and the captain protecting Qiang led the army to conquer it and suffered a great defeat. Ma Xian was stationed in Hanyang for three years. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, sixteen countries on the western border competed for the strategic pass of the border ferry. " Six years ago (350 years ago), Moody Yonghe left the Qilian Mountain and set up Hanyang County to guard the border ferry. In the early Tang Dynasty, he managed grazing land, set up Chishui to guard the capture, and turned to Wuwei County to guard the pass to prevent Tuyuhun and Tubo from going north and protect the passage to the western regions. In the seventh year of Zhenguan (AD 633), Emperor Taizong sent a letter to Liangzhou Secretariat, Li Daliang and General Xue to conquer Tuguhun, which won a great victory. They stationed troops under Qilian Mountain to guard the mouth of Dadougukou. Emperor Taizong sent envoys to Dadou Valley to admire the army. "
During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, wars around the border ferry continued, and famine, earthquake and man-made disasters occurred frequently. In the second year of Li Zongbaoqing (A.D.1early summer of 226), Genghis Khan led an army to invade the Xixia border from the North Road, and even broke Suzhou (now Jiuquan, Heishui and Ganzhou). The defenders died, and folk music and Damaying returned to Mongolia. In the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 128 1), the Yuan Dynasty established Gansu Province in Ganzhou, controlled Hexi, and belonged to Ganzhou Road, Gansu Province. The Yuan Dynasty sent 1,000 households to take charge of the grazing affairs of Damaying Caotan. In the fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (A.D.1the first month of 525), Bursun in the West Sea left the border ferry and invaded Ganzhou, and villages and towns along the way were looted. The governor of Gansu advised Tang Ze to play the imperial court and set up a flood (now flood town camp in Minle County is on the defensive). The Ming Dynasty ordered Bai Yang, the governor and an imperial envoy, to build the mountain pass and add a beacon tower. According to the military records in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, "The prefect of Gansu is in charge of the five battalions of raising the bid, taking into account the Yongcheng Shouxie, and governs the four towns of Xining, including Zuoying, Right Yingying, Qianying and Houying, Gu Yong Chengshouxie, Ganzhou Chengshouying, Liyuan Yingying, Hongshui Yingying, Nangucheng Yingying, Shandan Yingying, Xiakou Yingying, Damaying Yingying and Chahan Yingbo Yingying. In the fourth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1665), a boundary pillar was erected in the north of Aobaoying Mountain, which was called "Ganzhou Aobaoying". In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (AD 1694), 500 soldiers were stationed in Damaying, guarding the border ferry. In the 11th year of Tongzhi (AD 1873), the city was built on the mountain. In the first year of Guangxu (AD 1875), Biandukou, Xishuiguan, Huangyoukou, Daduma and other passes were renovated and stationed in defense. In May of the following year, Governor Zuo ordered Geng to coordinate Ma Yingdun's headquarters in Russia and set up a Russian headquarters, which belonged to the Association of Hometown Association.
193 1 in April, Ma Bufang, commander of the ninth division of Qinghai Province, led Ma Jiajun out of the mountain from Biandukou, and fought fiercely with Ma Zhongying, commander of the second column of the 15th Route Army of the Kuomintang, in Sanbao (now Sanbao Town, Minle County). Ma Zhongying defeated Jiuquan, and the second battalion of the 599th Regiment of the third brigade of Ma Bufang entered Shuicheng. 1in March, 937, after the Red West Route Army was defeated in Hexi, Ma Jiajun went out to the border ferry to search for and kill the lost Red Army in folk music in the name of "Qing Xiang", and the folk music people took in and transferred to protect the Red West Route Army soldiers.
1949 September 12, the 5th Division of the Second Army of the First Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army crossed Qilian Mountain from Xining via Biandukou Canyon and marched into Minle County. The 14th avant-garde regiment braved the snowstorm that blocked the canyon and entered Russia lightly. 153 soldiers dressed in light clothes died heroically and stayed in Biandukou Canyon forever. The People's Liberation Army suddenly left the ferry on the edge of Qilian Mountain, passing through the areas of Chaomian Village, Zhanglianzhuang Village and Hezhuang Village, and raided Hongshui City that night, and Minle County was liberated. Peng telephoned the Second Army of Jiamian: "Storms can't stop you from going forward and killing the enemy. Your spirit of not being afraid of difficulties in order to complete the task was taught by the whole army. I would like to extend my cordial condolences to all the officers and men who are resolute, brave and not afraid of difficulties! "
Historic sites abound, and there are many legends.
As a dangerous pass, the border ferry is not only the key point of ancient military defense, but also an important geographical position for developing agricultural and animal husbandry production and facilitating trade exchanges. Cultural relics left over from past dynasties are all over Qilian, Yanzhi and Shandan County, Minle.
In the early 1930s, local villagers reclaimed land in the site of Baguaying ancient city, and found a large number of bricks, tiles, various pottery, bronzes, coins, seals, heavy iron plows, stone mill residues, copper arrows and so on in the topsoil. Some complete tiles are 5 1 cm long and 43 cm wide, and they are also printed with rope patterns, which are really rare. According to the investigation of cultural relics workers, the ancient city of Baguaying faces south, with a concave plane, which consists of outer city, inner city and Miyagi. The outer city is 590 meters long from north to south and 473 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 279,000 square meters. The inner city is 287 meters long from north to south and 283 meters wide from east to west. The city wall is ridged. There is a moat on the edge of the inner and outer cities, and a suspension bridge between Nanyuanmen and the moat. Miyagi, commonly known as "Ziyingtai", is located in the middle of the inner city. Its site is a 40-meter ×40-meter ×5-meter rammed earth platform, on which pottery fragments of the Han Dynasty are preserved. From the analysis of a large number of tombs and unearthed weapons in the east of Baguaying ancient city, it is found that the city defense structure of Baguaying ancient city is perfect and has strict military defense function.
The Baguaying Han ethnic group includes five mountains, namely Beibei Mountain, Zhilingling, Bojiwa, Lugou Mountain and Luangoda. During the period of 1975, after the archaeological excavations by Professor Ma Shichang from the Department of Archaeology of Peking University and Professor Liu Yuquan from the Department of History of Sichuan University, it was found that the tomb covers an area of 2 square kilometers, including burial tombs and brick tombs. The structure of the tomb roof includes dome roof, record roof and voucher roof. The structure of the tomb includes single room, double room and three rooms. Most of the tomb bricks are bricks and mother bricks, and most of the burial tools are coffins, but there are also a few urns and coffins. The walls of the mural tombs in Han and Jin Dynasties were painted with white powder, with pen and ink, with earth red and azurite. In the relatively intact mural tomb No.2, the walls are covered with clouds, and images of "Fairy Lapras" and "Sun and Moon" are painted between the clouds. Three fairies are riding on a blue dragon ridge. The fairies are dressed in collared gowns, with their hands in front of them and their long hair behind their heads. They are very dynamic. Japanese and China paintings include golden birds that eat fast, toads in the middle of the month and jade rabbits with poles. The pen is fluent and the painting style is rough. The era of ancient tombs has spanned more than 500 years, attracting worldwide attention for its rich unearthed cultural relics and tomb murals, and has now been listed as a national cultural relics protection unit.
In the third year of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 399), Faxian, a 65-year-old monk, decided to go to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures and worship relics. There are nine people who have traveled with Fa Xian successively, starting from Chang 'an, crossing Qilian Mountain via Xining, going through hardships to pull out the grain in vats to Zhangye, and going down the Silk Road to the Western Regions to Tianzhu (India to learn from the scriptures). Folklore has gone through a barrel of scriptures since Faxian and Xuanzang, and it has become a path for Buddhism to spread, leaving many Buddhist relics. On the stone wall of the east cliff of Yangga Gorge, five kilometers away from the ferry crossing into the gorge, there is a stone carving of Buddha and Bodhisattva, 3 meters from the ground, with a clear picture. The stone Buddha statue is 1.2 meters high, wearing a three-fingered crown, holding a bowl in both hands, sitting on the lotus platform, with headlights and backlight, and a treasure cover on the top of the head; Two Bodhisattvas stood on the rosettes on both sides of the stone Buddha, with lights on their heads and treasure covers on their bodies. Sitting on the Buddha is dignified and kind, and the Bodhisattva is respectful. There is a Dharma Building on the top of Buddha and Bodhisattva. The whole portrait is1.5m high and1.8m wide. There is a Tibetan sign under the portrait, which was carved by Bichibako Ye Xiyang. It is inferred that the stone carving works were also in the Tubo Sambo period at the latest. In modern times, local believers raised funds to build the "Stone Buddha Temple" to protect the stone carvings of Buddha statues and bodhisattvas.
During the Sui Dynasty, the Turks in the north and the Tuyuhun in the south of Hexi Corridor seriously threatened Hexi, and the prosperous Zhangye City suffered greatly. Pei Ju's Preface to the Western Regions said, "The Turks and Tuguhun were divided into Qiang and Hu, and they were restrained, so the tribute was blocked." Great cause for five years (in March 609 AD, Yang Di made a western expedition to Tuyuhun, and surrounded the mountain of Chewo Town with 400,000 troops (now Ebaotan in Qilian County, Qinghai Province, was the headquarters of Tuyuhun in Wang Fuyun, and was defeated by Tuyuhun. On the eighth day of the sixth lunar month, surrounded by concubines Cai Dai and 3,000 guards, Yang Di crossed Qilian Mountain and went to battle, and arrived in Zhangye via Gu Yong. "Sui Shu Yang Di Ji" records: "In March and June, I drove the Western Expedition. Had a big fight, pulled out of the valley, dangerous mountain road, windy and dark, lost the lawsuit. Most of my soldiers froze to death, 189 horses and donkeys all died. " "The harem princess, the Lord or the embarrassment, is mixed with the sergeant in the mountain." "The Biography of Zhou Shu" also said: "Emperor Yang went to the Western Ocean, Princess Leping, the daughter of Wendi, the younger sister of Emperor Yang, and Yang Lihua, the queen of Tianyuan, died in Hexi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty." During this trip, one of Emperor Yang's concubines also contracted the disease, and the treatment was ineffective. Before leaving the Biandukou Canyon, she was ecstatic. Up to now, the "Princess Tomb" where the border ferry enters the princess tomb ditch two kilometers away is still an unsolved mystery, that is, whether Yang Lihua or Yang-ti's sick concubine was buried.
Yang-ti toured in Zhangye, inspected the Shi Jiao managed by Pei Ju, summoned four imperial examiners and held an unprecedented World Expo. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" has a history of 18 1 year: "Renzi, Emperor to Yanzhishan, Boya, Tutun Society and other 27 countries in the western regions were demoted to the left, all of which made them admire today, decorated with brocade, burning incense and playing music, singing and dancing noisily. The emperor ordered Wuwei and Zhangye women to decorate. Looking around, those clothes and horses are all supervised by the county. Ride and swallow it for dozens of miles a week to show China's prosperity. " Although there is no World Expo site in Yanqi Mountain, it is the originator of the World Expo in China history. Emperor Yang Di boasted about his great achievements in Tuguhun at the foot of Yanqi Mountain, proudly showing off the power of the Sui Dynasty. He happily left a long poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave", which became a masterpiece to praise the historical achievements of the Great Wall and the power of the powerful army in the Sui Dynasty.
There is a grotesque boulder on the western cliff ten kilometers away from the entrance of Biandukou. Whenever the sunrise rises and the sunrise fills the hillside, you look forward to the canyon. Against the blue sky and white clouds, this huge stone looks like a statue of Zhu Gekongming. He wears a black silk scarf and a gossip suit, and looks forward to the future with great foresight. Locals regard it as a sacred object, and call it "Kongming Stone" from generation to generation, also known as "Zhuge Monument". According to legend, in the Song Dynasty, the imperial court sent Yang Jiajiang to invade the Liao army during the Western Expedition, and the general Gao Wang of Yangmen took command. After attacking Liao camp for a long time, I had to retreat to the vat and pull out the valley, and set up camp to find another good plan. One day, Gao Wang was so sleepy that he walked out of the camp in the middle of the night and came to the edge of the cliff in Dadou Valley. Suddenly I saw a piece of Wang Yang in the big bucket valley, rocking a goose feather fan with the bow and coming down the river to the cliff. Gao Wang knelt down in fear and saluted. Zhu Gekongming replied, "General, please get up. Mountain people know that the general is trapped, but they can burn Liao Ying's grain and grass and destroy it in one fell swoop. " When Gao Wang heard this, he thanked the plan. When he looked up, Zhu Gekongming had disappeared. Gao Wang broke out in a cold sweat and woke up in a dream. Gao Wang acts according to the plan, and the fire rides the wind and the wind rides the fire. Liao Ying's grain and grass were burnt out, and her morale was in chaos, so she quit without a fight. Gao Wang took advantage of the situation to pursue a great victory, and the defeated Liao army abandoned its helmet and fled back to western Liaoning. In order to remember Zhu Gekongming's kindness, Gao Wang returned home in triumph, and ordered the sergeant to unplug the top of the western cliff at the mouth of Dadougukou and commemorate Zhu Gekongming with a stone tablet. Later, after thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, Zhuge tablet became today's Kongming stone. Although these legends are far-fetched, they reflect people's yearning for a stable and peaceful life in the frontier.
The scenery of the four seasons is charming, and the poems and songs are immortal.
Biandukou is a magical canyon, winding for more than a hundred miles, suddenly winding around heavy mountains, and suddenly surrounded by water. In the mountains, a natural tunnel connecting the ancient Tang Fan Road and the Silk Road and connecting the Qinghai Plateau and the Hexi Corridor came into being. She is the favored son of Qilian Mountain and a wonderful flower of nature!
In 1950s, Gan Qing Highway was built in Biandukou Canyon, and now it has been converted into National Highway 227. A wide and flat asphalt road leads to the valley and extends to the depths of the winding mountains. In ancient times, there were no roads in the canyon, the mountains and rivers were dangerous, the climate was unpredictable, rocks were in the way, and tigers and wolves appeared. It is unthinkable for soldiers, businessmen and monks to cross the canyon.
Li Bai, a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, wrote in Humak Song of Youzhou: "Although I live in Yan Zhi, I don't know how snowy it is. The woman suddenly laughed and looked like a _ tracts. Fly over and shoot birds and beasts, spend the moon drunk and carve saddles "makes Rouge Mountain synonymous with the poet's" frontier fortress ".
Reciting the beautiful poems of predecessors and witnessing the beautiful scenery in front of us, the vast grassland at the mouth of the border ferry valley where cattle and sheep can see is dotted with yurts, showing a peaceful and smooth western scenery; The famous sea of thousands of hectares of rape blossoms, with endless golden waves, conveys a colorful southern landscape. In the past, the traces of war and bonfire at the border ferry have disappeared, but a series of thrilling stories interpreted by Da Da will live in people's hearts forever.
Editor: Han Ying
Biandukou-the most convenient throat artery in Gansu-Qinghai passage
In the middle part of Qilian Mountain, there is a canyon passage that runs through Gansu and Qinghai provinces, which is the dangerous road called "big barrel pulling valley" by the ancients-Biandukou. Biandukou, a low shrub in Qilian Mountain, is a phonetic change of Bianmaduo in Tibetan, which means "Jinlumei". It has a large number of flowers, which are delicate, usually golden yellow, white and pink. Every summer, Biandukou Canyon is full of golden lumei, hence its name.
Biandukou is the most convenient and important section from eastern Qinghai to Hexi Corridor in Gansu, which has played an important role in China's military, trade and ethnic exchanges. Biandukou is not only a pass, but the old name of "Dadou Lagu" refers to a narrow and dangerous valley, which is an important passage for ancient Guanlong and Hehuang areas to enter Hexi Corridor and lead to the western regions. The Biandukou Gorge is deep and dangerous. The canyon is nearly a kilometer long, and it is wide and narrow at times. In the Qing Dynasty, Hao Daozun wrote in "Dragging Valley in a Barrel": "The mouth of the flat is weak and the stream is deep. The wind was so strong that Emperor Yangdi was drenched. Woche looks up to Longshan, don't stop teaching Lu Wu to invade. Yan said that the old Weiguo triumphed and Huang Hua swayed in the clouds. " It tells the human history and natural scenery of the border ferry.
In the second year of Han Jianyuan (BC 139), Liang Wudi sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, and Zhang Qian set out from Chang 'an, crossed the Yellow River through Longxi, traveled westward along the southern foot of Qilian Mountain, left the border ferry and entered the Hexi Corridor. After that, this ancient road left the figure of emperors, soldiers guarding the border, camel teams of merchants, envoys, monks and literati.
The most spectacular event was that in the fifth year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (AD 609), Emperor Yang Di led hundreds of civil and military officials, concubines and attendants to the north via the border ferry, and arrived at Zhangye County in the Hexi Corridor, where they were treated by various countries and held the World Expo. After the establishment of Sui Dynasty, there were Turks in the north and Tuguhun in the south of Hexi Corridor. In order to show the national strength of the Great Sui Dynasty and further expand the Silk Road, the talented Yang Di took pacifying the Turks and Tuguhun, recovering the western countries and expanding the territory as the primary task at that time. Emperor Yang Di sent Pei Ju, assistant minister of the official department, to Zhangye to discuss with the envoys of the western regions, to learn about the customs, mountains, rivers and dangers of the western regions, and to write a map of the western regions. Pei Ju said: "There are many treasures in Hu Li, which are easy to swallow." He also showed a picture of the western regions.
In the fifth year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 609), Emperor Yang Di personally led the officials, palace concubines and various armies, set out from Chang 'an, left Lingjinguan (now Yongjing, Gansu), crossed the Yellow River and entered Qinghai along Huangzhong Road. In today's Minhe and Ledu areas, "Chen Bing talks about martial arts" and "hunts for 2,000 miles" north of Hualong. Then Sui Jun passes through Shanghaomenchuan (now Datong River) in Xining, facing the pass at the junction of Dabanshan (Yuexingling, Datong and Menyuan counties, with an altitude of 3,940 meters. Because the mountain is steep and towering, Yang Di's army did not directly cross the Daban Mountain, but entered the territory of Menyuan along the journey to the south of Datong River, and defeated Tuyuhun in Fuyuan River area (now the West Yong 'an Beach of Menyuan), forcing Tuyuhun to submit to the Sui Dynasty. This massive western expedition made the ancient Silk Road Ning (Xining) Zhang (Zhangye) unimpeded.
In order to show the great national and military power of the Sui Dynasty and submit to all directions, Yang Di trumpeted its prestige. The "Palace" of the Western Expedition Army consisted of Liuhe City, Liuhe Hall and a thousand-person account. "Liuhe City" is a bedroom, with a square foot and a height of 4 feet and 2 feet (equivalent to two buildings with a length of 100 meters, a width of 32 meters and a height of 6 floors, which can accommodate 600 guards and is convenient for loading and unloading; "Liuhe Hall" as a "vulgar hall" (observing the customs, receiving guests, decorating car curtains, setting up early warning hidden weapons, installing bells and horses, it is very convenient to separate and combine, and can accommodate hundreds of courtiers and three guards; The "thousand-person account" can accommodate thousands of people and is used for discussions, celebrations and big banquets.
Emperor Yang Di toured Zhangye in the west and took a dragon and phoenix car to the east to the foot of Yan Zhishan, where the "World Expo" began. At that time, there were Turkic, Silla, _ _, Bi Daci, Daduhe, Sichuan and Vietnam, Unadi, Bora, Tuhuoluo, Dujianjian, Hulun, Tudor, Peihan, Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, Anguo, Hehuo, Bi and Hehuo. "Zi Tongzhi Jian" contains: "Its barbarians are accompanied by more than 20 countries. At that time, the venue was resplendent and thunderous, and merchants from all over the western regions gathered. Princes and envoys from various countries in the Western Regions, wearing golden jade and gorgeous ornaments, greeted Emperor Yang Di on the roadside. Emperor Yang Di ordered that all clothes, chariots and horses should not be lit, and they were not allowed to enter the stadium.
Emperor Yang Di also hosted a banquet in honor of world leaders, envoys and accompanying officials from 27 countries, with extraordinary momentum. In the account of thousands of people, the royal guard of honor played nine national music, and large-scale performance programs competed for the first performance. Emperor Yang Di personally visited the "Palace of Fashion", which was full of cultural relics and splendid silk, and let the kings and envoys of the western regions enjoy it to show the prosperity of the Sui Dynasty civilization. This grand event held at the foot of Yanqi Mountain lasted for 6 days, and envoys from 27 countries in the Western Region paid tribute to Emperor Yang Di. Yang Di was very happy and immediately issued a decree announcing the establishment of four counties: Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan and Qiemo.
Although Yang Di's style is cruel, his great achievements, such as digging the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, visiting western Yan Zhi and restoring the western regions, cannot be denied. Emperor Yang Di held the World Expo to stabilize the western border, show the prosperity and dignity of the Sui Dynasty, open up the Silk Road and further prosper the economy.
Today, we set off from Xining, the capital of Qinghai, crossed Daban Mountain and crossed the hinterland of Qilian Mountain. The natural moat has long been a thoroughfare, and the arterial national highway 227 twists and turns in Qilian Mountain. Dabanshan Tunnel has also been completed, with an altitude of 3,792.75 meters, ranking first in Asia and second in the world. Go north along Zhang Ning Highway, cross Haomen Bridge, cross Menyuan Qingshizui, cross Jingyang Ridge and enter Qilian Prairie. After Ebao, you can reach Mingle and Zhangye.
Standing in the Hexi Corridor, from a distance, Qilian Mountain is covered with snow, Yanqi Mountain is lush, and thoughts are rolling in. As early as Xia and Shang Dynasties, Qiang people lived a nomadic life in this area. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, it has been an important channel for the Xiongnu, Turkic, Uighur, Tuguhun and Tubo nationalities to contact each other and enter and leave Gansu and Qinghai. As early as the second year of Emperor founding ceremony of the Han Dynasty (123rd BC), General Huo Qubing, a title of generals in ancient times, led an elite soldier out of Longxi, crossed Haomen, entered Hexi Corridor through vats (border ferry), and went deep into the Xiongnu station for more than 1,000 miles, defeating the evil king of Xiongnu and the king of Xiutu, and Hexi was subsequently incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fa Xian, who became a monk, decided to go to Tianzhu (India sought the Dharma, Jin 'an Longan for three years (AD 399), from Jingyuan to Lanzhou, Ledu, Datong and Menyuan, from Biandukou to Qilian Mountain, to Zhangye, along the Hexi Corridor to the Western Regions, and returned to China by sea through Tianzhu. In the fifth year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (in March 609 AD, Emperor Yang Di left the border ferry and held the "World Expo" at the foot of Yanqi Mountain; In the sixth year of Tang Tianbao (AD 747), General Ge of the Tang Dynasty was appointed as the deputy commander of the Dadou Army, guarding the Dadou Valley. General Yang, who was promoted to Wei because of his outstanding military exploits, served as the deputy commander of Longyou Festival, creating a "God into an army" and building a "Longyingcheng" garrison area. "Old Tang Book _ Biography of Ge" records: "(Wang Zhongsi took Ge as the deputy ambassador of the big combat army." When Dou Jun was guarding the border ferry, a poem said, "This starry place, with seven high stars, is Shu Ge's sword at night. There are no barbarians, and no horses and cattle dare to cross the river." From then on, the Tubo people never dared to invade the east, which also prevented the Tubo from invading the Hexi Corridor. In the year of Song San (A.D. 1227), the Mongolian army crossed the Qilian Mountains via the border ferry and captured the northern part of Qinghai. In the 15th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1642), Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising army, followed him to capture Ganzhou, then led his troops to capture Xining through the border ferry. In the 4th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1665), Chahan Russian Bo Camp was set up at Biandukou and boundary markers were set up. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (AD 1694), 500 soldiers were sent to Damaying to guard there. In the eighth year of Guangxu (A.D. 1882), a Frenchman, Dou Tuole, went deep into this place to make a field survey and draw a map. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 193 1), Ma Bufang came out from here and fought fiercely with Ma Zhongying in the south of Sambo, and Ma Zhongying defeated Xinjiang. In mid-September, 1949, the First Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army also passed the border ferry and galloped overnight, suddenly appearing in front of the Kuomintang defenders in Zhajiang Noodles Village, Minle County, liberating folk music and advancing into Zhangye. On this ancient road, I also passed many literati, such as Li Bai, Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.
Biandukou has a rich historical and cultural background, which witnessed the historical changes of emperors' wars and the rise and fall of dynasties. Biandukou, an ancient road full of lament, endless vicissitudes and legends. The valley once echoed with the long bells of caravan camels, and the cliff was engraved with the figure of iron fighters marching. I wonder how many historical stories have been staged here. In the past more than a thousand years, all the stories were stirred by the wind in the passage of time and gradually precipitated in the tunnel of history. The wheel of history is rolling forward. Today, National Highway 227 passes through the canyon, and the border ferry still plays an important role in connecting Gansu and Qinghai. The border ferry, once a battleground for military strategists, is now a tourist attraction and a place for business exchanges. The golden rape blossoms are competing to open and welcome the arrival of the world with a brand-new look.