History and Qi belong to the same clan, followed by Siyue Boyi. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, after the destruction of Shang Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang made a vassal. Among them, in the old land of Shang Dynasty, some vassal states of Ji surname and many vassal states of Jiang surname were also enfeoffed. Guo Xu was one of the vassal states of Jiang, which was enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty. Ancestors are the heirs of Xu He Taiyue.
Brief introduction of Guo Xu: The monarch of Zhou Dynasty was surnamed Jiang, and the title was Xu, a baron, and the capital was 1. Xu (Kun) is located in the east of Xuchang City, Henan Province, 2. Ye is located in the south of Ye County, Henan Province. Yi is a 4-year-old from Bo County, Anhui Province. Analysis, Xixia County, White City, Henan Province, 5. The founder of Lushan County in Rongcheng established this country 165438+ Xu was the ancestor of the 0 th century and died before the 5 th century. The cause of death of the king of this country is unknown. The early years of the Warring States were recorded in the Chu history books in the Spring and Autumn Period (which began in the 11th year of Yin Gong). Guo Xu, Jiang is a vassal state of Xu Shi. The title is baron, which is the only vassal state of Zhou dynasty that can be determined as baron so far. Jurisdiction, radiating from the capital to the surrounding areas, Fiona Fang is about 30 kilometers, including Xuchang County, Linying County and the vast areas in the southwest of Yanling County. As the "land of the Central Plains", it has unparalleled advantages in geographical location.
In the early days of Zhou Wuwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the capital of Guo Xu was around the ancient city of Zhang Pan, 20 kilometers east of Xuchang today. According to the Book of Parentheses, the etiquette of battlements in the Zhou Dynasty was "nine miles for a king city and seven, five and three for a vassal city". As a fifth-class vassal state, Guo Xu has a city of Fiona Fang three to seven miles away.
In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was a compromise.
In 770 BC, marked by Zhou Pingwang's eastward move to Luoyang, China entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At this time, the kingship declined, and the prosperous times were gone. The emperor can't control all the princes, and some gradually powerful princes claim hegemony. Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Chu Zhuangwang and other five tyrants have risen one after another, and many countries are teetering in feudal hegemony like a boat.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng and Chu were very powerful, and Xu was often invaded by powerful countries. Because of weak strength and inability to resist, we had to compromise.
In 654 BC, the State of Chu attacked Xu, and Xu Jun was defeated. So, Chu was very satisfied and withdrew.
After Chu became king, he attacked Xu again. Xu Jun had no choice but to "naked resignation" for the second time and demanded reconciliation. In this case, we have to go away from home to avoid the sharpness of Chu and Zheng.
In 576 BC, Xu was forced to move to Ye (now southwest of Ye County, Henan Province). In 533 BC, he moved his father (now southeast of Bozhou, Anhui). In 529 BC, it moved back to Ye. In 524 BC, he moved to Rongcheng (now southeast of Lushan Mountain in Henan Province) and became a vassal of the State of Chu.
Since then, Xu has moved home almost every three to five years, and it is conceivable that Xu is facing a sinister situation. After moving to Rong, I temporarily had a long rest time. However, at that time, when the princes were in dispute, a small country like Guo Xu could not escape the doom of being annexed.
The reason why Guo Xu is weak is directly related to his low title. Because the title is low, the city is small and there are not many fiefs. This has limited resources and weak strength. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the warring states were inevitably at a disadvantage and could not be revitalized. Under the vicious circle, there will never be opportunities for vigorous development.
Neighboring countries peep
Because Guo Xu is in the central plains, surrounded by powerful people, eyeing up. Guo Xu has to deal with great powers carefully. Qi Qiang is attached to Qi, Chu Sheng is attached to Chu, and Jin comes to Jin. Nevertheless, Zheng in the north always had the ambition of annexing Xu.
Zheng Zhuanggong, the monarch of the State of Zheng, is a wily careerist. He took advantage of the eastward movement to destroy the State of Guo and the State of Di, which were good to him, and regarded Xu as the next piece of fat.
To capture Guo Xu, we must first build a "bridgehead", and Zheng Zhuanggong aimed at Xu Tian, which is adjacent to the capital Guo Xu.
In 722 BC, he said to the king of Lu: "After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty moved eastward, we went to pilgrimage, which was a long way and inconvenient;" Moreover, when going to Mount Tai for sacrifice, there is no place to rest in the bath. It's better to replace our' Tom Town' (now southeast of Philadelphia) with your' Su Chao Town' Xu Tian, so that everyone is more convenient. "
Lu Yingong certainly understood Zheng Zhuanggong's greed and politely rejected Zheng Zhuanggong's proposal.
In July of 7 12 BC, on the grounds of disobeying Zhou's orders, they jointly attacked and agreed that whoever captured the capital first would have the right to carve up the land. Zheng Zhuanggong, bent on acquiring the land of many countries, is marching into the capitals of many countries. At that time, Xu Zhuanggong, the eleventh monarch of Xu State, led soldiers and people to defend the city, but it was only a matter of time. Soldiers from Zheng, Qi and Lu attacked on three sides and broke the city.
On the afternoon of the third day after the siege, under the onslaught of Zheng soldiers, Dr. Zheng took the test of the banner held by his uncle and climbed up the wall of Xu without avoiding the knife. However, before he could stand firm, suddenly an arrow flew from behind. Uncle Yingkao let out a cry and fell from the city. It turned out that Master Zheng, who had always been at odds with him, was jealous that he won the first prize, so he stabbed people in the back at the gate. China's idiom "An open gun is easier to hide than an open gun, but more difficult to prevent" comes from this.
As soon as Uncle Kao fell off the city head, Uncle Kao rushed up, took over the banner, jumped on the city head again and shouted, "Zheng has boarded the city!" " When the soldiers of Zheng saw the flag flying above the city, they took the lead more bravely. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xu Zhuanggong opened the gate and led the army and the people to break through, fighting our way out and defending our country. Two years later, Xu Zhuanggong died in another country.
But Zheng Zhuanggong was not satisfied. In 7 12 BC, after Lu Yingong's death, Lu Huangong succeeded to the throne, and then met with Lu Huangong in Blowing Pavilion (now Heze, Shandong Province), and offered an exchange again, and gave Lu Huangong a crystal-clear jade, thus reaching this deal at the expense of Guo Xu, which was called "Zheng Bo's Xu Fake field" in history. From then on, the state of Zheng had the reasons and military bases for its outward expansion, and also pointed the finger at Xu.
The capital was attacked.
After Guo Xu, the capital city, was breached, although Zheng Zhuanggong wanted to occupy Guo Xu, he was afraid of interference from the governors, so he pretended to show the Qilu kings how to deal with it. The gentlemen of Qilu believe that Guo Xu has not committed the crime of destroying the country and should be punished as appropriate. Zheng Zhuanggong had to order Dr. Guo Xubaili to "serve Xu Shu (Xu Zhuang's brother) in Xu Dong", let Dr. Sun of Zheng Guo lead the troops to live in Xu Xi, and put Dr. Xu and his subjects under full surveillance.
Revenge is a dish that should be eaten cold. In 697 BC, civil strife broke out in the State of Zheng, and Xu Shu seized the opportunity to recapture the capital, driving away the army of the State of Zheng and rebuilding the State of Xu, known as Xu Mugong in history. Since then, Zheng has been regarded as an enemy and has repeatedly made promises. According to historical records, during the 120 years of the Five Overlords War in the Spring and Autumn Period, Xu Communist Party suffered 1 1 times of invasion, among which Zheng invaded 9 times.
Move the capital to Ye.
In 576 BC, Guo Xu was invaded by Jin and Zheng and lost a lot of land. In desperation, the 15th monarch Xu (Zi Ning) moved the capital from Xu to Ye (now Ye County, Henan Province) and became a state within a state of Chu, completely becoming a vassal of Chu. In April 2002, archaeologists excavated an ancient tomb on the cliff on the south bank of the Lijiang River in Yexian County, and unearthed a large number of bronzes, such as chimes, bronze figurines, bronze ding and bronze ge. Inscriptions for children's songs: "Xu Gongning Che Ge" and "Xu Gongning Ge Yong". Professor Li Xueqin, a famous archaeologist and chief scientist of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project, confirmed that this is the tomb of Xu Gongning, the monarch of Xu Guodi15th generation. )
Even so, Guo Xu was not taken care of by Chu, and he was ordered to migrate from time to time. Moved the capital to Bozhou, Anhui, Suizhou, Hubei, Xixia, Henan and Lushan, Henan. After three transgressions of five times, Guo Xu has run out of money and money. It has only one name. However, Zheng is still afraid that Xu will make a comeback. In 504 BC, General Zheng swam to the army to attack Xu, who could not resist. Xu, the monarch of seventeen countries, was captured and destroyed.
Since then, with the help of Chu State, the descendants of Xu State have re-established 100 years. Until 375 BC, the history books recorded that "Xu XXIV was destroyed by Chu". Guo Xu, which lasted for more than 700 years, completely withdrew from the historical stage.
Final national subjugation
According to Zuo Zhuan, when Xu Nansi was in power, Xu was destroyed by Zheng and the capital of Chu was destroyed by Wu.
Later, the history books recorded several princes in many countries. Probably with the support of Chu State, Xu was established by local people or adherents of the country. Strictly speaking, they are not the monarchs of many countries.
In the first 48 1 year, King Hui of Chu made the son of Xu Guojun. From the fifth to the early Warring States period, Xu Jun was deposed by Chu and Xu Guo was completely destroyed.
In the early Warring States period, when Xu was in power, he died. Destroy Chu and Wei.
Later, several princes from many countries were recorded in the history books, which were probably supported by the local people or the adherents of the country. Strictly speaking, they are not princes in many countries. 48 1 years ago, King Hui of Chu established Jiang as the king of many countries, which was destroyed by Chu a few years later.
After the national subjugation, many people moved to the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River, taking the country as their surname, so they named Xu Shi, that is, Xu.
After the descendants moved to Buxuguo and were destroyed by Chu, except for some who moved to Jingshan, Hubei and Zhijiang, Hunan, most of Xu's surnames propagated in the same place or moved northward. Xu first moved north to Levin, Jizhou (now Levin, Hebei), and later Xu moved back to Baofeng, Henan. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Xu family had spread all over most areas of Henan and Hebei provinces. Since then, the northern Xu surname is mainly distributed in today's Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other vast areas. Xu Nanqian began in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, He was ordered to enter Fujian, accompanied by a Henan Xu Shi, and settled in Fujian. In Tang Xizong, Xu Ai, an imperial envoy, guarded Zhangzhou for Zhao 'an, and later entered Jinjiang Stone Tortoise. After the Tang Dynasty, Xu moved south on a large scale and propagated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, the Xu family moved to Guangdong. In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian people Xu Chonghuai and Xu Shen moved to Taiwan Province Province, then Xu Shi moved to Taiwan Province Province many times, and then some people moved overseas. Xu Shi, traveling in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places, is integrated with Dong, Zhuang, Miao, Buyi and Tujia ethnic minorities.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xu's surname was not only distributed in Levin, but also in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and Zhejiang, among which Shaanxi, Henan and Hebei had the largest population and the most concentrated population. These areas are not evenly distributed, but concentrated in a certain area, for example, Shaanxi is mainly concentrated in Guanzhong, Henan is concentrated in Luoyang and southern Henan, and Hebei is mainly concentrated in Jizhong Plain. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xu Nanqian began in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, Xu moved southward in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces on a large scale.
Xu Daoning's works
So many celebrities named after Xu came from here after the Tang Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Liao was located in the north of China, and there were few Xu surnames in the territory. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, it occupied a vast area north of the Huaihe River, mainly Han nationality, so the distribution of Xu surname in the Jin Dynasty was much wider than that in Liao Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty ruled a vast territory with a large population and complex nationalities, so there were a large number of people surnamed Xu in the territory. In addition, the ethnic composition of Xu surname also changed during this period, and many Xu surnames appeared among ethnic minorities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population migrated frequently, some of them were * * * behaviors, and some of them fled the war, which constituted another remarkable feature of the surname distribution in this period. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of great population development of Xu surname, and the number of Xu surnames recorded greatly exceeded that of the previous generation. In addition, the cultural quality has also been greatly improved, and a number of Jinshi have appeared, and the number of Jinshi who have passed the examination has also increased unprecedentedly. Another feature is that a large number of Xu surnames emerged among ethnic minorities in this period, far exceeding the sum of all previous dynasties. Today, Xu mainly lives in Jiangsu, Shandong, Yunnan, Guangdong, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and other provinces. Xu Shi in these seven provinces accounts for about 55% of the population of Han Xu Shi in China.
The title of the monarch's lineage, the number of years the monarch's real name was in office, and the source 1 Xu Qian 1 1 century-? The descendants of Boyizi, Jianwai Collection, 2 Xu Denan Xu Zi Yue Zi Jianwai Collection, 3 Xu Xude Jianwai Collection, 4 Nan Xu Fengbo Zi Yue Zi Zi Zi Zhitong Jianwai Collection, 5 Xu Jingnan Xu Xiaoman Zi Zhitong Jianwai Collection, 6 Xu Kangnan Xu Jing Man Zi Zhitong Jianwai Collection, 7 Xu Wugong Zhou Xingfu, Zhou Pingwang. +0 1 years ago -698 years ago, Xu Zhuang's Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period was 42 years ago, and Xu Zhuang's Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period was 697 years ago -656 years ago 14 years ago, Xu Nuo's career was 34 years ago. 30 years ago, 62 1 year ago ——592 years ago, Xu Nuo's Zuo Zhuan, 16 years ago, Xu Ning's Zuo Zhuan 45 years ago, 59 1 year ago ——547 years ago, 17 years ago. Nine years ago, 522-504 years ago, Xu Ai Gong-sun was born about 22 years ago, 503-482 years ago, Xu Ai Gong-sun was born about 48/kloc-0 years ago-Xu Yuan's Gongzi's Interpretation of the Spring and Autumn Period, Spring and Autumn Justice and Zuo Zhuan's Biography.
Number of years of service
Time in place
comment
sources of information
1
Xu
Uncle Wen
1 1 century ago-
Boyi descendants
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
2
Xu Denan
Uncle Xu Wen
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
three
Xu bofeng
seal
Prince Xu De, also known as Gong.
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
four
allow
Xubofengzi
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
five
allow
Xu xiaogongzi
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
six
Xu kanggong
Prince Xu Jing
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
seven
Xu Wugong
Xu Kang Gongzi
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
eight
Xuwengong
Promote/start/get up/maybe/last name/interest
Zhou Youwang and Zhou Pingwang.
Xu Wu Gongzi
Chronology of bamboo books
Diaphragm 2 (when it comes to men's singles)
1 1
Xu Zhuanggong
surname
20 years
73 1 year ago -7 12 years ago
Or a celebrity
Yu Xianhao has been in office for 20 years
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
Zuo Zhuan Reader
12
Xu huangong
surname
14 years
About 7 1 1 years ago-698 years ago.
The annotation of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period was Xu Zhuang's brother.
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
13
palace
Chen Xin
42 years
Qian697-Qian656
Xu Zhuanggong's brother.
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
14
Xu xigong
work
34 years.
655 BC to 622 BC
Xu Mu Gongzi
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
15
allow
Sivo
30 years
Before 62 1 year-before 592.
Xu Biao's son
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
16
allow
The abbreviation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
45 years
59 1 before-before 547 years
Prince Zhao Xu
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
17
Xu mourned for the duke.
buy
24 years.
546 BC to 523 BC
Prince Xu Ling
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
18
Xu nansi
this
19 years
522 years ago -504 years ago
Mourn for Xu's son
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
19
allow
success
About 22 years.
About 503 BC-482 BC
Xu mourns Gongsun Sheng.
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period
20
Xu Nanjie
knot
1 year
48 1 year ago
Xu Yuan Gongzi
The inscriptions are named Fu Renfu and Fu Jijia.
Textual research on the update of Spring and Autumn Ethnic Source Map
A Summary of Family Studies in the Spring and Autumn Period
Many generations don't know the age of Xu Zi's makeup.