Bo Qinhuai

Du Mu? Tang dynasty

Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.

Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.

Bo Qinhuai's translation;

Vague moonlight and light smoke enveloped the cold sea water and white sand beach, and at night ships anchored in restaurants near Qinhuai River.

The singer doesn't know what the revenge of national subjugation is, but he is still singing "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" across the river.

Bo Qinhuai's Notes:

Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, which originates from damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and the eastern foot of Lishui, flows into the Yangtze River through Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River. All previous dynasties were bustling places for sightseeing and enjoyment.

Smoke: smoke.

Park: Park.

Businessman: A singer who lives by singing.

Backyard flower: short for the song "yushu backyard flower". Chen (), the emperor of the Southern Dynasties, wrote this song for pleasure with the beautiful women in the harem, which eventually led to national subjugation, so later generations took this song as the representative of the voice of national subjugation.

Appreciation of Bo Qinhuai:

This poem was written by the poet when he spent the night in Qinhuai. The first half writes the night view of Qinhuai, and the second half expresses feelings. He used the history of Chen's pursuit of debauchery and pleasure to die, satirizing the life of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who did not learn lessons after drinking, showing the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.

The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first, and then look at the inscription in the corner. Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.

"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.

"Strong women in business do not know the hate of national subjugation, but still sing backyard flowers across the river." At night in Qinhuai, the poet heard the voice of national subjugation "yushu backyard flower" coming from the other side of the river. On the surface, the poet seems to be reprimanding the ignorance of "business women", but the poet's goal is the power of those who are worried about world security but lead a drunken life. In the late Tang Dynasty, two and a half centuries after the collapse of the Chen Dynasty, some people drugged themselves with the sound of national subjugation, which made people feel that historical tragedies would repeat themselves. "I don't know" is actually an excuse for "business women". The singer has no intention, but the listener has intention. The word "still singing" traces back to history, indicating that the prodigal son who has been immersed in burmese debauchery has existed since ancient times; According to the reality, it reveals that today's dignitaries, like Chen Houzhu, will also perish; It is unthinkable that you will make the same mistake if you don't change your tune. Expressed the poet's warning

This poem is ingenious in conception, blending scenes, appropriate in allusions, implicit in meaning and concise in language. Shen Deqian, a poetry critic, praised this poem as a "swan song", and it really deserved its reputation.

About the author:

Du Mu (803-853) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Mu Zhi, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In the second year of Taihe (828), he was a scholar. He used to be an observer in Jiangxi, an aide to Niu Xiangu, an observer and an observer in Huainan. He used to be the censor, the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Later, he became Si Xun's foreign minister, and his official position was in the middle of the book. I think I have the talent to help the world. Most of these poems quote Chen's works. A lyric poem about the scenery is so beautiful and vivid. People call it Xiao Du, and Li Shangyin is collectively called Du Xiaoli, which is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. There are 20 volumes of Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times.

Creative background:

"Bo Qinhuai", containing "All Tang Poems", volume 523. The Qinhuai River in Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, has always been a place for dignitaries to have a full meal, and "Qinhuai" has gradually become synonymous with extravagant life. Du Mu stayed here, saw booze, heard erotic songs, touched by the scene, and was deeply moved by the thought of the decline of the Tang Dynasty and the fatuity and debauchery of those in power. He wrote this song "Bo Qinhuai".

Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea.

Express the theme:

"Bo Qinhuai" is a poem by Du Mu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. This poem was written by the poet when he spent the night in Qinhuai. The first half writes the night view of Qinhuai, and the second half expresses feelings. He used Chen's history of pursuing debauchery and pleasure to satirize the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty who dreamed of drinking and did not learn from it, which showed the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country. The whole poem contains feelings in the scenery, with sad artistic conception, deep and subtle feelings, refined language and ingenious artistic conception. The combination of scenery writing, lyricism and narration has a strong artistic appeal.

Famous comments:

Gao Mingkun's "The Voice of Tang Poetry": Wu Yue: The voice of decadence is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the loneliness is natural.

Ming, Gui and Tian Xiang's Criticizing the Pronunciation of Tang Poetry: The scenery is full of wonderful meaning, which is different from other works because of its extreme resentment.

Guo Mingzhuo's Supplement to Tang Poetry: The sound of national subjugation is unbearable, and it is also a scene.

Zhou Wei's On Lin Zonglun of Tang Poetry Selection Meeting in Ming Dynasty: Zhou Bi is a practical learning style. He Zhongde is a fusion.

Xu Qingzeng's Poems of the Tang Dynasty in Er 'anshuo: "The smoke cage is colder than the water", and the water is blue, so the cloud is a "smoke cage". "Moon cage sand", the sand color is white, so the cloud "moon cage". The next sentence is extremely cautious. It stops at Qinhuai in the evening, which is close to the restaurant, so the restaurant is close to the river. A businesswoman who sings for a living sings the song "Flowers in the Backyard", but it is only a song. Then I know that Chen Houzhu has the hatred of national subjugation! Du listened across the river, feeling infinite ups and downs, pretending to write poetry.

Shen Deqian's Unique Tang Poetry in Qing Dynasty: Farewell.

Song Qing Zongyuan's Notes on Tang Poetry in Shiyuan: Where do those who praised Qinhuai choose their words? ?

Wei and Li Zhaoyuan's A Brief Record of Poetry Changes: The first sentence is the night view of Qinhuai. At the end of the next day, the words "near the restaurant" caused the last two sentences. The word "I don't know" has the deepest feelings and little sustenance. The charm of the first syllable is wonderful, and it is appropriate to sigh for the swan song.