Biluochun is one of the top ten famous historical and cultural teas in China. It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It is a tribute to the court in history and has a long-standing reputation in the domestic and foreign markets.
Dongting Biluochun is a kind of tender fried green tea. Produced in Dongting Mountain, Taihu Lake, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, Dongting Mountain is a famous tea-fruit intercropping area. Tea tree intercropped with peach, plum, plum, orange and other fruit trees. Tea absorbs fruit fragrance, and flowers melt tea, which complement each other. In addition, the climate around Taihu Lake is mild and humid, and the unique growth environment has given birth to the good quality of Biluochun. Biluochun is very strict in picking. It is mined around the vernal equinox every year, and the picking quality is the best from the vernal equinox to Qingming. Generally, one bud and one leaf are picked, which looks like a sparrow tongue. The picked bud leaves must be carefully picked and fried on the same day. Biluochun string is slender, curled like a snail, with white hair exposed, silvery white and dark green. When brewing, it is like a wave of white clouds, with rich aroma, fresh taste and green soup color, which is known as "one tender (bud leaves) and three fresh (color, fragrance and taste)".
Biluochun belongs to green tea, which is also called "Biluochun in Dongting" because it is produced in Dongting mountain area of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Dongting Mountain is divided into east and west parts, and Dongting Dongshan is a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides. Dongting Xishan is an island on Taihu Lake. Fruit and tea are grown in the mountains of the East and West Dongting. Here, Taihu Lake is clear and foggy. Tea trees and fruit trees such as Paiba, Citrus and Myrica rubra are interlaced, with branches and leaves connected and roots and veins connected; The sparse sunshine on the branches and leaves of fruit trees soaked the fragrance of flowers and fruits. Really: "Into the mountains, flying everywhere, Biluochunxiang, drunk."
Biluochun, formerly known as "scary fragrance", has been a treasure in tea since ancient times and is said to have a history of 1300 years. According to "The Continuation of Liunan" written by Wang Yingkui in Qing Dynasty, there are several kinds of wild teas produced in the stone wall of Biluofeng, Dongshan, Dongting, and the local people use bamboo baskets to pick and drink them every year. Once, because there were many leaves, it was difficult to store them in the basket, and because the tea was scalded in your arms, a strange smell suddenly appeared. The tea pickers exclaimed, "Surprised and fragrant." In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1699), Emperor Kangxi visited Taihu Lake in the south, and the governor gave it tea. Emperor Kangxi thought the name was too vulgar and renamed it "Biluochun".
Biluochun is green and shaped like a spiral, which is produced in early spring. The shape of the rope is slender, with hair all over and white hair hidden; After making tea, the color is light green and bright, and the taste is rich, and there is a sweet feeling after drinking. People praised this kind of tea: "copper wire strips, spiral, long hair all over, fragrant flowers and fruits, fresh and refreshing."
Biluochun tea, because of its delicious taste, is also different from other famous teas in brewing and tasting. Tea is usually served first. After washing. Biluochun cannot be brewed with water. Can't cover tightly, first pour boiling water into the cup, and then add tea; After three or four minutes, the buds and leaves spread out one after another, and the tea color was rich and the aroma was delicious. Biluochun is produced in Dongting Mountain, Taixian County, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, also known as Biluochun in Dongting. Wuxian belongs to Suzhou, also known as Suzhou Biluochun. The shape is curled like a snail, and the flowers and fruits are natural, which is the best in tea.
Regarding the history of "Biluochun", Wang Yingkui in Qing Dynasty once had a narrative in Liu Nanxu, which was quite interesting. "Liu Nan Xu" Dai: "There are several kinds of wild teas produced in the stone wall of the east peak of Dongting. Every year, local people bring bamboo baskets home to live. It has been like this for decades, and it makes no difference. In one year of Kangxi, tea was picked according to the waiting time. Because it has many leaves, the basket is difficult to store. Because of the heat in my arms, tea suddenly smells sweet, and tea pickers shout "the fragrance of people." A person smells the fragrance, which means that this kind of tea is particularly fragrant, especially fragrant. Wuzhong dialect is also called tea cloud. Naturally, in the future, every tea picker, regardless of sex, age, should take a shower and change clothes, and put a basket in his arms. Zhu, a native of China, is refined independently, and the method comes from his family, especially the wonderful products, which are worth three taels per catty.
In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1699), he was lucky to drive in Taihu Lake. Duke Song (referring to Governor Song Rong) bought this kind of tea and named it "Biluochun" because of its indecent name. From then on, "Biluochun" got its name, and its reputation spread far and wide.
According to the draft of Qing history, Emperor Kangxi went south to Suzhou seven times, some of them went south to do river work, some went to Hangzhou and other places, passing through Taihu Lake and Tianchi Mountain in Suzhou, and Kangxi visited Suzhou. Local officials in Suzhou presented local famous tea, which was very fragrant. Kangxi is quite literary and disrespectful, because he can take "Biluochun" as the tea name, and the story can be logical.
There is another folklore about the origin of "Biluochun". It is said that there is a fisherman named Robbie in Dongting. Miss Robbie once used her spring tea to cure a young man who was injured in saving her. Miss "Biluochun" has a wonderful hand to rejuvenate, so she named tea "Biluochun".
The predecessors once wrote a poem praising "Biluochun", Poetry Day: Everything has a good name, and the more things are known by their names, the more precious they are. Every time Mei Sheng calls for incense, tea tips contend for "Biluochun". Knowing that baking spread to three places, I went to Beijing happily. It's ridiculous to praise people's fragrance, but choose the vernal equinox early. The so-called moral in the poem has certain scientific truth, especially: "You must pick the vernal equinox early to brag about the original fragrance." Picking early and young is a major feature of Biluochun. Biluochun is especially tender, and it should be picked in time when the new buds first bloom. High-grade Biluochun is not only beautiful in appearance, but also of good quality. To be exact:
It is necessary to make early use of the vernal equinox,
Copper wire spiral mixed hair, floral and fruity taste twice as good as body fluid.
Dongting Biluochun is a treasure in green tea, which is famous for its beautiful appearance, bright color, rich aroma and mellow taste. When did "Biluochun" begin and where did its name come from? There are different opinions. According to the Grand View of unofficial history in Qing Dynasty (Volume I), there are several wild tea trees on the stone wall of Biluo Peak in Dongshan, Dongting. The natives call it "scaring evil people", and Kangxi has bought this tea to enter the DPRK ... and the title is "Biluochun" because the name is indecent. Due to local departments, 18 years old will be purchased and put into service. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, Prime Minister Wang Ao was from Dongshan, and "Biluochun" was his title. According to Notes, there is tea in Dongting Mountain, which is slightly delicate and delicious, commonly known as "scary killing", and the person who produces Biluofeng is especially good, named "Biluochun". If this is true, Biluochun tea should have started from the Ming Dynasty, and it was famous before Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River. Some people think that "Biluochun" is named after its curly shape like a snail and green color, and it was picked in early spring. Regardless of the origin of the name, this kind of tea has a long history and has long been a tribute tea. There is no doubt about it. Biluochun is produced in Dongting Mountain, Taihu Lake, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Dongting mountain is divided into east and west hills. Dongting Dongshan is a peninsula, like a huge ship extending into Taihu Lake, and Dongting Xishan is an island, standing in the lake. The water vapor in Taihu Lake is rising, the fog is long, the air is moist, and the soil in this area is slightly acidic and loose, which is very suitable for the growth of tea trees. Biluochun belongs to tea-fruit intercropping. Tea trees are planted alternately with peach, plum, apricot, plum, persimmon, orange, ginkgo, pomegranate and other fruit trees. Rows of green tea awnings are like green screens, and pieces of fruit trees are shaded like umbrellas, covered with frost and snow, and blocked by autumn sunshine. Tea trees and fruit trees are connected by branches and roots. The aroma of tea and fruit has cultivated the natural quality of "Biluochun". As Tea Solution in the Ming Dynasty said: "Tea gardens should not be mixed with evil trees, but laurel, plum, magnolia, rose and pine and bamboo can shelter frost and snow and autumn sun.
Tieguanyin is green tea.
Green tea is not fermented tea, but its basic quality is green soup and green leaves. Green tea includes bulk green tea and famous green tea. Bulk green tea refers to green tea that is fried, baked, dried and steamed. , its quality is mainly in the middle and low grades.
Bulk green tea is set to 1 to grade 6, and the quality is from high to low.
(1) Fried green tea.
According to the different shapes of dry tea, it can be divided into long fried green, round fried green and flat fried green. Long-fried green has the widest producing area and the largest output, mainly produced in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. Middle-and high-grade tea strips are tightly knotted and green in color; Strong aroma, mellow taste, clear yellow-green tea color, bright yellow-green. Long-fried green tea is called eyebrow tea after refining, and is generally exported abroad. Fried green tea is one of the important varieties of green tea in China. Mainly produced in Pingshui Town, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, also known as "Pingshuizhu Tea". Maocha is also called flat fried green. The appearance is round, the high-grade tea is round like beads, and the color is dark green and oily; Strong aroma, mellow taste and yellow-green soup color. After refining, the round fried green is called Zhu tea, which is mainly exported to Africa. Flat fried green is flat, including Longjing tea, Dafang tea and Qiqiang tea. Longjing tea is a famous green tea. Qiqiang tea originated in the suburbs of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and Fuyang, Yuhang, Xiaoshan and other places, and was later classified as Longjing tea in Zhejiang Province.
Dafang tea is mainly produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province, Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province, Lin 'an and other places. Its appearance is flat and uniform, its color is yellow-green, brownish, oily and shiny. The endosperm is rich in aroma, mellow in taste, light yellow and clear in tea color, and the bottom of leaves is fat and tender.
(2) baking green.
The producing areas are widely distributed, and Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Yunnan and other provinces have more output. Baked green tea is a strip tea, and the shape of middle and high-grade tea is still tight and straight, and the color is dark green; The fragrance is pure, the tea color is yellow-green, and the leaves are tender, even and soft.
(3) bask in the sun.
Produced in central south, southwest and Shaanxi, Yunnan is the best. Some sun-dried green tea is sold in the form of loose tea, and some are used as raw materials for pressed tea. After drying, the appearance is still firm, dark green and moist, with low aroma, yellow soup color and strong taste, often with red stems and red leaves.
(4) steaming.
Steamed green tea is a kind of green tea made by steam deactivation, which is generally sold to Japan. The dry tea of high-grade tea has green color, green tea color and bright green leaves; The aroma is like moss and the taste is mellow and sweet. The middle and low-grade tea strips are still compact and slightly flat, with dark green color, rich aroma and slightly astringent taste.
Famous green tea refers to high-quality green tea, which is mainly made by hand and has a small output. Famous green tea has flat shape, curled into spiral shape, sparrow tongue shape, orchid shape, melon seed slice shape, round bead shape, needle shape, eyebrow shape, chrysanthemum shape, curved strip shape and so on. These are the top ten shapes of famous green tea.
(1) West Lake Longjing.
Produced in Xihu District, Hangzhou, with an area of about 168 square kilometers. This producing area has four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rainfall and humid air, and the natural conditions such as soil, vegetation, heat, light and water are incomparable to other Longjing tea producing areas.
The appearance of West Lake Longjing tea is flat, smooth, straight and sharp, and its color is light green. Tea in different places in the West Lake producing area has its own characteristics. For example, Longjing tea produced by Lion Peak is yellowish in green, with rich aroma and fresh taste; Longjing tea produced in meijiawu is green in color, fragrant and bitter in taste.
(2) Dongting Biluochun Tea.
Produced in the east and west mountains of Dongting, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, surrounded by Taihu Lake. Tea trees are planted under a flower and fruit tree, and flowers and fruits are fragrant all year round. Its appearance is characterized by fur, copper wire strips and bee legs.
Biluochun tea is silvery green and dark green, giving people a fresh, smooth and pleasing feeling. Biluochun tea is described as "one tender and three fresh": each catty of Biluochun tea contains 50,000 to 60,000 buds; Bright color, fresh and strong fragrance and fresh and mellow taste. The aroma of Biluochun tea makes people crazy; There is a sweet fruity taste in the fresh tea flavor of Biluochun tea, which makes people never tire of drinking it.
(3) Huangshan Mao Feng Tea.
Produced in Huangshan City, Anhui Province. The appearance of high-grade tea is full of buds, full of fat, full of buds or one bud with two leaves, with light yellow color and golden green; Mid-range tea has one bud, two or three leaves, the bud leaves are plump, the color is yellow-green, with a little golden yellow; Low-grade tea is mainly thin with one bud and three leaves, and its color is turquoise or dark green. High-grade tea has fragrant flowers and mellow taste; Mid-range tea is fragrant or slightly fresh, with mellow taste; Low-grade tea is pure and fragrant.
(4) Xinyang Maojian tea.
Produced in Xinyang County, Henan Province. The mountains in this area are steep and the ecological environment is unique: high-grade Maojian tea is mainly composed of one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves, while middle-grade tea is mainly composed of one bud, two leaves or three leaves. Maojian tea is light green in color, fragrant with ripe chestnuts, strong in taste, durable in foam and bright in leaf color.
(5) Luan melon slices.
Produced in Lu 'an, Jinzhai and Huoshan counties. The quality of "Qishan business card" produced in Qitoushan area is the best. Lu 'an Guapian tea is shaped like melon seeds, without bud tips and tea stalks, and its color is green. Gao Shuang is fragrant, dark brown, fresh and mellow, and its leaves are light green.
(6) Taiping monkey kui.
Produced in huangshan district (formerly Taiping County), Huangshan City, Anhui Province, near Monkey Pit in Taiping Lake. Tea was produced here before the Ming Dynasty, and the "Kui Jian" was specially made in the Qing Dynasty. Because of its high quality, it is named "Taiping Monkey Kui". In other places, tea is made in the same way, just called "Kuijian". 19 15 Taiping Monkey Kui won the first gold medal in Panama World Expo, making it famous overseas.
When "Taiping Monkey Kui" is brewed, its bud leaves stand upright in the water and rise and fall several times. Known as "one bubble is fragrant, two bubbles are strong, and three bubbles and four bubbles are still fragrant".
(7) Emei bamboo leaves.
Produced in Emei Mountain, Sichuan. The bamboo leaves in Emei are flat in appearance and tapering at both ends, resembling bamboo leaves. The soup is clear in color, fresh in aroma, rich in flavor, and even pale green at the bottom of leaves.
(8) Yong Xi Huo Qing.
Produced in Yongxi, Jingxian County, Anhui Province. "Green fire in the stream" has a history of over 300 years. "Yongxi Huo Qing" is round, compact and heavy in appearance, dark green and oily in color, with white hairs hidden, light green and slightly yellow and bright in soup color, rich and lasting in floral fragrance, refreshing and mellow in taste, smooth and even in leaf bottom, and shiny in apricot yellow.
(9) Linhai Pan Hao.
Produced in Linhai City, Zhejiang Province. The shape of the disc is curly and the color is green; The soup is light yellow and clear, with rich aroma, chestnut fragrance, mellow and refreshing taste and fresh and sweet aftertaste.
(10) ancient bamboo purple bamboo shoots.
Produced in Guzhushan, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province. This kind of tea has been listed as a tribute since the Tang Dynasty and lasted for more than 600 years. The shape is compact, straight and flat, the color is green and the soup is sweet.
(1 1) Huiming tea.
Produced around Huiming Temple in Chimushan, Jingning County, Zhejiang Province. This tea won the first gold medal of 19 15 Panama World Expo. The appearance is thin and strong, and the color is blue and white. The color of the soup is clear and green, the flowers are high and the taste is fresh and strong.
(12) South Bai Hao.
Produced in Nannuo Mountain, Menghai County, Yunnan Province. The shape of the rope is tight and sharp, and it is covered with white hair; The soup is yellow-green, fragrant, strong and sweet, and it is very resistant to brewing.
Tieguanyin non-green tea
Myth 5: Tieguanyin belongs to green tea, not oolong tea.
Strictly speaking, Tieguanyin belongs to green tea. According to the China Dictionary of Tea Culture, "① Green tea, also known as oolong tea, is one of the six major teas. The finished tea has a red green edge and a special aroma. Products are divided into Wuyi Rock Tea, Northern Fujian Green Tea, Southern Fujian Green Tea, Guangdong Green Tea and Taiwan Province Green Tea according to geographical and legal characteristics. ② Oolong tea includes Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces. Fujian northern oolong tea, Anxi oolong tea and Guangdong oolong tea are the product names of fresh leaves processing of oolong tea varieties. ③ The green tea producing areas in southern Fujian are centered on Anxi, including Yongchun and Zhangping, with Tieguanyin, Color Bell, Narcissus, Fingered Citron and Oolong. (4) Anxi Oolong Tea is produced in Anxi, Fujian, and Oolong Tea is made of fresh leaves of Oolong Tea. According to China Tea Classic, "China tea can be divided into basic tea and reprocessed tea. Basic teas include green tea, black tea, oolong tea (green tea), white tea, yellow tea and black tea. Tieguanyin was originally the name of tea tree variety, because it is suitable for making oolong tea, and its finished oolong tea is also called Tieguanyin. According to the Records of Famous Tea in China, "Anxi Tieguanyin is a famous historical tea and belongs to oolong tea". Famous teas in China are divided into six categories: green tea, yellow tea, black tea, white tea, green tea and black tea, among which Tieguanyin is classified as green tea. Based on this, Tieguanyin belongs to "green tea" and "oolong tea", but it is more appropriate to classify it as green tea.