Let's take a look at the analysis of Li Yousong in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Battle of Red Cliffs in the 13th year of Jian 'an was one of the most famous wars in the history of China. For more than a thousand years, there have been various accounts and comments about this war. Although most viewpoints tend to burn Chibi, which led to Cao Jun's failure, there are still many doubts.
This paper focuses on the relationship between the defeat of Cao Cao in Chibi and schistosomiasis, trying to make it an interesting chapter in the history of war and disease, and also as a link to reverse Cao Cao's unjust case. The historical materials recorded in Historical Materials describe the injuries of Cao Cao's soldiers and horses in Battle of Red Cliffs, which are listed as follows. Today, the north is not flat, and Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai for future trouble. Fuck pommel horse, rowing, and racing against wuyue. It's freezing today, and the horse has no draft grass, which drives China literati to travel far away. If they don't study soil and water, they will get sick. These people also suffer from fighting. It was in the evening after A.D. that Yu Fu saw Quan and said,' Everyone was shocked to see the teachings. Today, as far as the actual schools are concerned, there are only 150,000 to 60,000 students in China, and they have earned 70,000 to 80,000 after a long period of fatigue, so they still have doubts. Although there are many people, they are not afraid. Quan also sent Yu and others to attack Cao Jun. When they met at Chibi, Cao was terminally ill. He was defeated on the first day of the war and was led to Jiangbei. Cao Jun is not conducive to coming to the Great Wall and dying of epidemic diseases. The disease happened again, many northern troops died, and Cao Jun retired. The rest of the ships were burned in public, the soldiers were hungry and most of the dead were killed. ) Liu Bei and Zhou Yu are neck and neck, chasing Cao Cao to Nanjun. When Cao Cao was fighting, he was hungry and cold, and was riddled with diseases. Most of the victims. Led the army to the north.
As for the defeat of Chibi, luck is still great. In fact, it was caused by diseases and epidemics, which damaged Feng Rui. The prosperity of Chibi comes from the south, burning with energy. What happened? What happened? Sun Quan led the crowd around Hefei. When the army levied Jingzhou, Liaoning University of Technology got sick, but General Zhang Xidan sent thousands of soldiers to ride through Runan to clear the way, which was quite complicated.
65438+In the spring of March 2004, the army came and controlled the water by canoe. On his deathbed, he said,' Since the Qing Dynasty, the army has marched, or been infected with epidemics, officials have died, families have been unhappy, and people have been displaced, but are the benevolent happy? No) Mao also said to Xunzi,' Filial piety can be ignored, and it must be ignored. If you look at current events and military affairs, you will never see anything else. Many people are afraid of getting sick. There is an epidemic in the south. As the saying goes,' you can't live if you go to the south'. The inevitability of disease. It is conceivable that Maneba's dozens of expeditions, busy battles, turbulent life and low conditions have caused physical fatigue and mental tension.
This will inevitably reduce the resistance of individuals and the whole to disease infection and morbidity and the level of rehabilitation function. Compared with the north of China, the climate in the south is hot and rainy, and conditions such as temperature and humidity are suitable for the reproduction and circulation of various infectious diseases, local pathogens and vectors. Those unknown pathogenic microorganisms at that time did much more harm to newcomers and horses.
Which of these points is the most important? Although the "northern soil is uneven", Ma Chao and Han Sui in Kansai are only potential threats and have not caused immediate harm; "Fighting against the pommel horse" is abandoning the long and avoiding the short, but it is indeed somewhat passive. However, after the reduction of staff in Jingzhou, especially the water army and the "Meng Chong Thousand Warships", the strength has been greatly supplemented and strengthened; Logistics supply in autumn and winter, with the military reserves in Jingzhou Jiangling and other places and the prosperity of Jiangnan, there will probably be no big problem! What it can't overcome is this: these literati from the far north of China will get sick if they don't learn water and soil. If the severity of the disease is only a minor illness such as the common cold, it seems inexplicable in historical materials.
According to Cao Cao, Battle of Red Cliffs's retreat was a "terminal illness", which led to "the death of many officials". It should be noted that the occurrence and harm of diseases involve not only soldiers, but also civil and military officials; Not only disease, but also death; Not individuals, but the majority; Not only did it cause military defeat in Chibi battlefield, but when Sun Quan was besieged and closed, he could not send more reinforcements, so he had to ask the Ministry to lead several troops to rescue him. However, the combat effectiveness of this small team is also affected by its persistent illness or sequelae or other diseases secondary to physical decline. Not only did it cause serious harm at that time, but it also caused a situation that "the people were having a hard time and their families were having a hard time" many years later. What a tragic scene this is! Cao Cao's army would never easily "lead troops to the north of the Yangtze River" and then "take them back" unless it met with great obstacles.