Zhongyou
Wang Xizhi
Chu suiliang
Ouyang Xun
Yan Zhenqing
Liu Gongquan
Huai Su
Mi Fu
Zhao Mengfu
Female calligraphers in history;
Wang Xizhi's cursive script, regular script and running script have been respected throughout the ages. His teacher is a famous female calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Her surname is Wei, and she is famous. She is called Mrs. Wei. When Mrs. Wei studied the kingdom, Zhong You's calligraphy reached perfection. Her masterpiece is The Story of Ancient Celebrities in lower case letters. Its brushwork is simple and solemn, and its posture is natural, which is the top grade in regular script.
Before Mrs Wei, there was a female calligrapher. She is Cai Wenji, a famous poetess at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who is famous for her Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and Poems of Sorrow and Anger. Her name is Yan and Wenxi is her word. Her father, Cai Yong, has made great achievements in literature and calligraphy. Cai Wenji inherited his family studies and occupied a place in the history of calligraphy.
There were also young calligraphers in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The female calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty were Wu Cailuan, Xue Tao and Wu Zetian. The lower case letters written by Wu Cailuan are very Zhong You and Wang Xizhi's brushstrokes, which are elegant and clever, and can be compared with Mrs. Wei. Xue Tao's Beauty of the King of Chen Si is a running script with ups and downs. Wu Zetian wrote cursive script, and his calligraphy was graceful and restrained. Zhu, a female calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, wrote in small letters, dignified and vigorous, and won Wang Xizhi's brushwork. Guan Daosheng was a female calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Mengfu's wife Zhong You, Zhao Mengfu Ziang, a passerby, was a great calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty.
When Guan Daosheng first married Zhao Mengfu, her handwriting was better than her husband's. Later, Zhao Mengfu caught up and surpassed his wife. Guan Daosheng's Plum Blossom is written in small letters, which is beautiful and leisurely.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Cao Cao, Zhong You, Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Wang Huizhi, Suo Jing, Mrs. Wei Heng, Xie An, Wang Xun, Xiao Shaozhi, Xiao Yan, Wang Hui, Wang Sengqian, Wang Zhi, Wang Ci and Yang Xin.
Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties: He Zhiyong, Zhang Zhi, Zhang Xu, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang, Yan Li Zhenqing, Yong Xu Hao, Huai Su, Sun Liuguo, and Yang Ning style of suspending public power.
Song Liaojin: Ting Jian Mi Fei Cai Jing Ouyang Bu Bai Yuchan Zhu Zhangxi Ji Zhi Wu Cong Wen Tianxiang
Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty
Yang Weizhen Xian Yushu Ni Zandeng Wen Yuan Li Kangkun Rao Jie Feng Zizhen Zhang Yuke Jiu Si
Ming Dynasty: Dong Qichang, Wang Duo, Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming, Xu Wei, Wang Chong, Huang Daozhou, Ni, Chen Chun, Chen Jiru, Chen Hongmou, Hanshan, Cai Yu, Tang Yin, Mi, Mo Shi, Long, Shen Mei, Song Ke, Sun Shenxing, Wen Peng, Xing Dong, Yao Mao and Zhang Mao.
Qing Dynasty: Yi Bingshou, Deng He, Wu Changshuo, Gu Cao, Cha Shibiao, Zheng Zanbao, Baweizu, Chen Hongshou, Mo Youzhi, Zhang Zhao, Zhou Lianggong, Gao Fenghan, Zheng Xie, Wang Shishen, Li Jue, Huang Shenliang, Liu Yao, Wang Wenzhi, Gan Feng, Wan Jinggong, Ding Jing, Huang Yi, Zhao Zhiqian Weng Tonghe, Weng Fanggang, Wu Ranzhi, Xu Sangeng, Wu Dazheng, and Zeng Guofan.
Three Heroes in China's History
Although Cai Jing, Qin Gui and Yan Song were great calligraphers, their calligraphy was abolished because of their betrayal.
So there are very few calligraphy works handed down.
Cai Jing, a native of Fujian, is the first of the "six thieves" in Song Huizong. He and the palace worship officials.
Tong Guan colluded with each other and blackmailed Song Huizong, pushing the Dasong Dynasty to the abyss of disaster. Cai Jing's
Calligraphy is sui generis. Even the arrogant Mifei once said that his calligraphy was not as good as Cai Jing's. at that time
Cai, that is, originally referred to Cai Jing, but later generations hated his wickedness and easily adopted Cai Xiang.
Qin Gui, a native of Jiangsu, killed the national hero Yue Fei and insisted on surrendering. It was the Southern Song Dynasty.
Hui Zong is a famous traitor. He was born as a top scholar, with profound knowledge and high attainments in calligraphy.
On the basis of imitating Hui Zong Evonne's "fine gold" font, he created a neat and unified,
Simple and easy-to-learn unique fonts were used to write the memorial, and even Song Huizong ordered the national unified publication.
Qin Gui's model font for writing official documents. This font gradually evolved into a "song style" for printing.
Yan Song, a native of Jiangxi, was a 25-year-old scholar with profound calligraphy attainments. Houlai steet
The party engaged in malpractices for personal gain, harming loyalty and morality, and finally cut its membership for the people, copying everything, all together.
More than 30,000 taels of gold and more than 2,000 taels of silver were equivalent to the total fiscal revenue of the country at that time.
According to legend, in the Qing Dynasty, after the provincial examination in Shuntianfu, Beijing, the words "Supreme Court" were written on the plaque in the main hall of Gong Yuan.
It was written by the treacherous court official Yan Hao. Emperor Qianlong wanted to change it, so he ordered someone who could write these three books.
He wrote several big characters himself, but he felt that his imperial pen was different from other people's handwriting.
Are not as good as Yan Song, so we have to forget about it, still let the treacherous court official Yan Song hang high.
Calligraphy introduction
Calligraphy is an art with a long history and the widest mass base in China. With the unique lines and writing rules of Chinese characters, it shows colorful brushwork, composition and gestures, reflecting people's temperament, interest and aesthetic ideal. It is the result of our ancestors' continuous beautification of words and artistic creation in long-term practice. It occupies a high position in traditional culture and is deeply loved by the people of China. It is also a unique traditional art in China, which is irreplaceable by other art forms.
The formation of calligraphy art
The art of calligraphy developed from characters is closely related to the occurrence and development of Chinese characters. On the containers of Longshan culture and Yangshao culture, there are some carved symbols, similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is a mature Chinese character, which presents different styles in three stages: early, middle and late. It embodies skillful skills and certain aesthetic pursuit, and already has the basic elements of calligraphy art. The lines of bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are changeable, and there is an obvious trend of neatness. Bronze inscriptions in the Warring States period have a strong decorative style, but until now, words have been used as a tool for communication. Classical literature records show that people have not yet linked the line structure of words with spiritual life. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, the characters were sorted out, variant characters were deleted, and Xiao Zhuan was created. The decorative style was rich, but Xiao Zhuan was never widely used. It was not until the maturity of official script in Han Dynasty that the structure of Chinese characters changed greatly and the expressive force of lines was enriched. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people studied calligraphy, and Cai Yong's On Calligraphy and other monographs on the role of calligraphy appeared. Calligraphy became an independent art. Some people wrote according to Liu Yin's account in Jingchuan Bibian in the Yuan Dynasty: "Calligraphy and painting were clumsy, and the pre-Qin Dynasty did not take things seriously ... Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, their academics have flourished. Since the emperor and minister Chu Shi, he has often become a pervert in the name of able books, and his statutes are well prepared, so he has become a special school. " It is a controversial issue in academic circles that Wei and Jin Dynasties were the formative period of calligraphy art.
Oracle calligraphy
This is a word carved on the tortoise shell bone by a businessman with a knife. This is the oldest writing found so far, which has some elements of calligraphy art. In the 300 years of Shang Dynasty, the style of writing was vigorous in the early stage, bold in the middle stage and small in the later stage.
Jinwen calligraphy
During the Shang, Zhou and Warring States periods, Zhong Ding and other bronzes and weapons had inscriptions, including words cast on coins, which were collectively referred to as inscriptions on bronze. This is the beginning of the conscious pursuit of artistic beauty in writing, which makes the beauty of writing and the ornamentation of bronze ware seamless, and the inscriptions are mostly round pens, highlighting the beauty of flowing curves.
Calligraphy in Qin dynasty
Shi Guwen is the most representative book in Qin Dynasty. It is ten stone carvings unearthed in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province in the early Tang Dynasty. Each stone is about three feet high and two feet in diameter. There are words carved around it, describing the grand occasion of Qin hunting. The original text has more than 700 words, including more than 200 words. The font is big seal script, with a round pen, neatly arranged, which was a popular pavilion book at that time. After the Qin dynasty unified the six countries, it unified the characters, based on Hexi characters, simplified the complex and made small seals, which became popular all over the country. 1975 The excavation of Qin bamboo slips in Yunmeng, Hubei Province shows that official script has risen in the Qin Dynasty, and it is straight and square, and it is easier to write than seal script.
Calligraphy in Han dynasty
The art of calligraphy in Han dynasty is mainly official script, and it is good at writing official script, which is called "official script history". Therefore, official script was also called "history book" in Han Dynasty. Except for a few stone carvings, seal cutting and seals, official script has become a popular writing in the Han Dynasty. Due to the requirements of use and aesthetics, there are "eight points" in form. Form a unique Han Li in the history of calligraphy. With the further development, by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "side" (dot), "sweep" (long left), "hook" (straight hook) and "peck" (short left) appeared, and the structure became more rigorous, gradually forming block letters, that is, "modern Li". Various schools were formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as Founder School, which was in full swing; Straight and straight with a pen; A dynamic writing school; Frustrated gorgeous faction; A school with a flat pen; Demonstration of strength, softness and vitality; A big and heavy boys' school; Elegant school and other styles are dazzling, which fully embodies people's love for calligraphy and the prosperity of calligraphy art.
calligraphy of wei and jin dynasties
Calligraphy in Wei and Jin Dynasties inherited the solid foundation of calligraphy in Han Dynasty, and further developed, especially in Jin Dynasty, which can be compared with Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu. /kloc-in the past 50 years, there were nearly 200 calligraphers, which was the pinnacle of calligraphy art. Wei Bei, a famous writer, made new innovations in pen use and structure. His writing style is bold, bold and vivid, which clearly shows the gradual change from official script to regular script. The brand-new style represented by Wang Xizhi has reached the realm of peace, nature, chic and meaningful. Preface to Lanting is the most outstanding masterpiece, which has epoch-making significance in the history of calligraphy.
Sui and Tang calligraphy
With the revival of inscriptions, calligraphy in Sui and Tang Dynasties experienced a new climax again. The pursuit of vigorous beauty in art changed the gentle charm of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, and formed the characteristics of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. Ou Yangxun, a famous calligrapher, has a fair and rigorous calligraphy style. Zhang Xu, a cursive master, is a wonderful one; Yan Zhenqing's books are vigorous and magnificent; Liu Gongquan's pen is beautiful and charming; Huai Su's "Wild Grass" is magnificent, and they have created a new realm in the history of calligraphy, which has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
Song ci
Compared with Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, calligraphy in Song Dynasty lacks distinctive features, which is the result of prevailing calligraphy style and calligraphers being confined to their own ways. During the Yuanfeng period, Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei advocated the elimination of calligraphy, and since then calligraphy has been revitalized. Calligraphy in Song Dynasty paid more attention to the free play of "meaning" and the expression of personal feelings, which broke through some rigid formats and surpassed the barriers of predecessors, and some fine works appeared.
Yuan Ming Qing calligraphy
Calligraphy in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties basically developed along the style of Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties. There were many calligraphers and their personal achievements surpassed those of their predecessors, but there were no pioneering calligraphers. Calligraphy in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties has been unable to surpass Jin and Tang Dynasties.
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Eastern Jin Dynasty)-Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (303-36 1, 32 1-379), a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has few words. Originally from Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), I now live in Yinshan Huiji (Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The officers of the right army generals will review the internal history and be called "Wang Youjun". He came from a noble family in the Jin Dynasty. When Wang Xizhi was twelve years old, his father taught him the theory of brushwork. "If you use an outline, you will realize something." When I was a child, I studied calligraphy with the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei. Later, he visited the famous mountains in You Jiang, where he learned from foreigners, learned from foreigners, and learned from Zhong You. Observing and learning "how to combine multiple methods to prepare a family" has reached the height of "more expensive than others, the best in ancient and modern times".
Compared with Han Dynasty and Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style is characterized by exquisite brushwork and changeable structure. Wang Xizhi's greatest achievement is to increase and destroy the ancient law and turn the simple calligraphy style of Han and Wei dynasties into exquisite and beautiful calligraphy style. In a word, the introduction of Chinese character writing from practicality to the realm of paying attention to techniques and tastes is the awakening of calligraphy art, which indicates that calligraphers not only discover the beauty of calligraphy, but also can show it. Few later calligraphers have not copied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy posts, so they have the reputation of "book saints". His regular script, such as Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Dong Fangshuo Hua Zan, was quite famous in the Southern Dynasties, leaving various legends, and some even became painting themes. His cursive script is honored as "the sage of grass" by the world. There is no original trace in the world, and there are many calligraphy books, such as Seventeen Sticks, Le Li Yi in Small Letters, Huang Tingjing and so on. Copy the outline of ink, there is a hole in the middle post, Lanting [Feng Chengsu Copy] sequence, clear post in the snow, diligent funeral post, funeral post, far official post, aunt post, peace post, line post. His calligraphy of Preface to Lanting Collection is vigorous and beautiful, fresh and natural. Is the masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's life, since ancient times. Known as the best running script in the world!
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Tang Dynasty)-Ou Yangxun
Ou Yangxun was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). The world says that Ouyang leads many people. The world calls his words "rate and style". Yu Shinan said that he "can get what he wants without choosing a pen and paper". Besides, he can write a good official script. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, the tablet of Xuzhou Cishifang was his official script. His calligraphy, with official script as the most. Examining its pen, it is both round and powerful. "Surprised in the grass, sending between clouds. Another example is King Kong glaring and Lux punching. " Among them, strokes such as vertical hook are still official strokes. The inscription he wrote on the Buddhist stupa of Huadu Temple, the inscription on the grandfather Wen Yanbo and the inscription on Huangfu's birthday are called "the first regular script in the Tang Dynasty". His regular script has a very serious procedure, both in pen and structure, which is most convenient for beginners. The Thirty-six Methods of Ouyang's Structure, which was circulated by later generations, is a structure writing method summarized from his regular script. His regular script "Zhang Hansi Sticking Bass" is long and vigorous. Ink handed down from generation to generation is especially precious. Ou Yangxun's son Ouyang Tong has a family of calligraphers. Both father and son are very famous in the book world and are called "Ouyang". Xiao Ouyang's "Taoist Monument" has a stronger sense of propriety, but it is too revealing and implicit. Yugong Gongbei, whose full name is Yugong Gongwen Gongbei, was dedicated to Shangshu by the right servant of the Tang Dynasty. In Zhao Han's graphite engraving, he commented: "This tablet is better than Huangfu and Jiucheng, but its calligraphy is neat and not under the second tablet." And sighed: "When the letter is over 80, the law is exquisite."
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Tang Dynasty)-Yan Zhenqing
Tang Jingzhao is a man of ten thousand years, and he speaks eloquently. Kaiyuan Jinshi, moved to the palace as a counselor, was hated by Yang, the satrap of the plain, so the world called Yan Plain. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan made great contributions to the fight against thieves. When he entered Beijing, he was an official minister, a prince and the founding father of the county, so he was also called Yan. When Li Xilie rebelled in Dezong, Prime Minister Qilu hated it and asked Zhenqing to persuade him. Left behind by Xilie, loyal and unyielding, he was killed.
Zhenqing is a descendant of Langya family, with a profound family background and achievements in letters; From Chu Suiliang and Zhang Xu, the style of writing is dignified and majestic in block letters, and the running script is rich and harmonious, which has changed from ancient law to its own style and is called "Yan Ti". Song Ouyang Xiu commented: "Uncle Yan is like a loyal minister, like a martyr, like a moral gentleman. His dignity and respect are frightening at first sight, but the longer he takes, the cuter he becomes. " Not many people in the world see the treasure, but they never tire of it. "Painting Praise", "Many Pagodas Monuments", "Yan Monument", Zhong Nephew's Memorial Manuscript, "Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji", Yanjia Temple Monument, "Seating Confessions" and so on. It's all his masterpiece.
Yan Zhenqing's running script ink in the manuscript of offering sacrifices to his nephew. In Yuan Dynasty, Xian Yushu commented that this post was "the second running script in the world". In this original post, all the places where you are thirsty and holding a pen are vivid, which can make people see the process of writing a pen and the wonderful change of the nib, which is of great benefit to learning cursive. The original is now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan.
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Tang Dynasty)-Liu Gongquan
Liu Gongquan, whose real name is Hang Cheng, is from Jingzhao Garden (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). Yuan is also a scholar of Chu, a school book lang, a bachelor of book service, and an official to a prince, so he is called Liu. He lived in the middle temple period, during which he experienced three dynasties: Mu, Jing and Wenzong. At this time, the calligraphy reform movement in the Tang Dynasty was basically successful, and the mission entrusted to Liu Gongquan by the times was not development but perseverance. Liu Gongquan's historical achievement is that he inherited Yan's achievements with innovative spirit and formed the historical theory of "Yan Gu", which drew a perfect end for the construction of calligraphy style in Tang Dynasty. "Old Tang Book" says: "Gong Li studied Wang Shu first, read all the modern books, and became a family of his own. At that time, ministers' memorial tablets were not allowed to write calligraphy, which was considered unfilial. Foreigners pay tribute and buy willow books here without signing money. " He learns the word Yan, but he can create new ideas by himself. Known as "Yan Gu", the world pointed out their differences in calligraphy. Liu avoids the strict heavy pen, which is generally flat and thin. He also absorbed the sharp and angular advantages of China's calligraphy, making stippling as crisp and deep as a knife. He also drew lessons from the tight structure of European regular script and the vertical trend of Yan Zhenqing regular script, and wrote a unique six-body style.
Calligrapher Huang Tingjian (Song Dynasty)
Word Lu Zhi,No. Valley Road flyover,No. Weng, Jiangxi Xiushui people. Later people called him the Yellow Valley. Song Shi? "Biography of Wen Yuan" called him: "Ting Jian's natural science article, which Chen Shidao called Du Fu, was good at cursive writing and set a good example. He, Chao and Qin Guan traveled in Sumen, collectively known as the four bachelors in the world. " He himself said, "I studied cursive script for more than 30 years, and I took Zhou Yue as my teacher at the beginning, so I was full of vulgarity for 20 years." Su Caiweng was too late, and the beautiful book was written by the ancients. Later, I got Zhang Changshi, Huai Su and Gao Xian's Mo Bao, so I can get a glimpse of their brushwork. "
His running script, such as Ge and Su Shi's cold food poems and postscript, and his pen, such as Feng Ban's "Miscellaneous Notes on Blunt Songs": "The pen starts from painting, returns to the left wrist, and actually draws to the right, but it jumps again, like a cloud meets the wind and returns." He wants to start from right to left, from the Tibetan front in the painting to the left pen, and then draw out, "no peace and no evil", deliberately changing pens; Go back to the pen and hide your cleverness. Good at hiding the front, paying attention to setbacks, and taking "painting bamboo as a book" gives people the feeling of "leisurely". Its structure comes from Yan's "Eight Guanting Jiangbao", and the middle palace is tightened, radiating outward from the center, and extending horizontally, such as paddling and propping up boats, with great boldness and momentum. His personality characteristics are very obvious. When learning his calligraphy, we should pay attention to the "leisurely joy" and the extensiveness of the structure. As for his cursive script, Zhao Mengfu said: "Huangtai history books have the meaning of Zhang Changshi's roundness." "If you are an elegant person, it is admirable." We can see that his poem "Poem of Flower Spirit" is vigorous, clumsy and unfortunate, fat and thin, and "unusually vigorous". Its charm is no less than regular script. Please be seated and the brushwork is fluttering, which is a rare masterpiece.
Calligrapher (Song Dynasty)-Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi), is a famous symbol festival. Politicians, writers and thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi's calligraphy is of primitive simplicity and far-reaching, and won the wonderful use of pens by people in Jin and Song Dynasties, and is often imitated by the soil. Outline of Yan Jing, a paper book, 29.9 cm long, the main book, every two texts are connected, with 72 lines of scriptures ranging from 23 to 36 words. Translation of The Book of Songs in Tang Dynasty. Ten volumes. Wang Anshi is taken from Guanyin Miaoermen, which is from Wen. This volume, in the middle of the main book, has a running script and a light ink book with clear strokes. Although the lines are close and there are few blanks, there is no dazzling feeling. Now it's in Shanghai Museum.
Calligrapher (Song Dynasty)-Su Shi
Zi Zizhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan (now Sichuan). He and his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are world-famous for their poems, known as "Su San". His calligraphy draws nutrition from Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and strives for innovation on the basis of inheriting tradition. When talking about his calligraphy, he said: "The method of writing is superficial and limited, and the three can't be perfect in the end, but I have a good idea." When talking about his artistic creation of calligraphy, he said: "I can't write books with my heart, and I am very happy." He focused on "meaning" and sent his feelings to the book with "faithful hand". On the basis of his profound understanding of calligraphy art, he used traditional techniques to create calligraphy art, enriching and developing traditional techniques in calligraphy art creation, rather than simply mechanically removing the old. He used a special method different from ordinary people in writing methods, and also paid attention to the reform of writing tools. The representative works include Dark Clouds in the Sky, Poems of Dongting Spring, Poems of Zhongshan and Song Dynasties, Poems of Spring Posting, Poems of Wine Love, Poems of Cold Food, Poems of Shu Zhong, Notes of Drunk Pavilion, etc.
Su Shi's Poems on Cold Food in Huangzhou. It is the masterpiece of Su Shi's running script. This is a poem to send a revival, and it is a sigh of life caused by Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou for three years. The poem is desolate and affectionate, expressing Su Shi's melancholy and lonely mood at this time. The calligraphy of this poem is produced in this mood and situation. The whole calligraphy is full of ups and downs, radiant and unrestrained, and there is no shortage of pens. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post has a great influence in the history of calligraphy, which is called "the third running script in the world" and is also a leader in Su Shi's calligraphy works.
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Song Dynasty)-Zhao
Zi Ziang, Taoist Cedar, Taoist Crystal Palace, Huzhou (Xing Wu, Zhejiang). Descendants of Song Taizu's son, King Qin Fangde. After the demise of the Song Dynasty, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. Later, he was wooed by Yuan Shizu and became an official in the Five Dynasties. He was appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin, and Dr. Rong Lu was appointed as Wei Gong and Shi Wenmin. Make good use of printing, printing, printing, printing, printing, printing, printing. He is the author of Song Xuezhai Collection. Zhao was an influential calligrapher in the early Yuan Dynasty. "Biography of the History of Yuan Dynasty" records: "Meng Yi's calligraphy is the best in the world, so the book is the theme of the world." Praise. According to Song Lian, a scholar, Zhao's calligraphy learned Lingling's Eight Intellectuals in his early years, Zhong You and Fairy in his middle years and books in his later years. In addition, he also visited Dingding Monument in Yuan and Wei Dynasties, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang in Tang Dynasty, which was a great achievement of predecessors. As Wen Jia said, "Gong Wei's calligraphy is superior to the ancients, and they are all imitations. "So, Zhao's success in calligraphy is inseparable from his ability to learn from other people's long sentences. What is particularly commendable is that most calligraphers in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were only good at lines and cursive scripts, but Zhao was able to study every style thoroughly. His article is out of date and bypasses the study of Buddhism and Taoism. Later generations learned Zhao's calligraphy, which is very popular in Korea and Japan. There are also masterpieces in Zhao Kai's books, such as Sanmen Collection, which is broad in structure, deep and steady in structure and fluent in brushwork, and is most suitable for copybooks. Most of Zhao's handed down works are running scripts, most of which are accurate in brushwork and rigorous in wording, such as Fu on the Red Wall, which is a classic.
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Ming)-Tang Yin
Tang Yin, one of the "Four Masters of Ming Dynasty", was known as the first gifted scholar in Ye Jiangnan in the middle of Ming Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile, recites poems and composes music, is good at writing and painting, and has experienced ups and downs. He is an outstanding great painter in the history of painting in China.
Tang Yin, with the word Bohu and Gengzi, is the master of the Peach Blossom Temple, an immortal who escaped from Zen, became attached to Nanjing, and was the first romantic talent in Jiangnan. In his later years, he believed in Buddhism and had six nicknames, such as lay man. Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Tang Yin was born in a merchant family, and his status was relatively low. Under the guidance of "making a name for himself", he studied hard and reached the age of 1 1, with excellent literary talent and good handwriting. 16 years old, scholar. At the age of 29, he participated in Yingtian Township Examination and won the first prize of "Xie Yuan".
Tang Yin's calligraphy is named painting, and he mainly studied Zhao Mengfu and was influenced by Li Beihai. He is graceful and charming, and his brushwork is mature and free and easy, but his brushwork is slightly weak, flexible and slightly loose in structure. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented: "Bohu entered Wuxing Hall, but his ears were weak."
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Qing Dynasty)-Deng
Deng, a native of Huaining, Anhui Province, whose real name is Yan, Zi, and his name is stubborn Bo, is a native of Wanbaishan, and he uses words to avoid the name of Renzong. Born in poverty, his ancestors' character of "hiding virtue and not showing glory", his study of "learning to be excellent and being an official" and his unruly character have a subtle influence on his growth. At the age of 20, I started my life's travel career, wandering around the rivers and lakes, looking for teachers and friends everywhere. All his life, accompanied by hard work and self-motivation, the whole content of his life devoted to art is almost the word "making friends". I don't want to be literate, don't want glory, don't be moved by foreign things, don't enter the official career, and always keep the true colors of cloth. This is the free and easy life of a pure artist.
At that time, people spoke highly of Deng's calligraphy, calling it "the four bodies are absolutely unique, ranking first in the country." His calligraphy is the most outstanding, and the achievement of seal script lies in Xiao Zhuan. Taking Si and Bing as his teachers, his seal script is a little longer, but he creatively combined the brushwork of official script and boldly raised the ups and downs with long front and soft hair, which greatly enriched the use of seal script, especially in his later years. The lines are round and boundless, creating a typical seal script in Qing dynasty, making immortal contributions to the development of seal script art, and official script has benefited a lot from the long-term immersion of Han steles. The official script that can write the meaning of seal script, combined with the strength of Wei Bei, is naturally unique in its style. Regular script didn't start in Tang Kai, but traced back to the source, directly using Wei Bei and Fang Bi. The strokes make it convey Li's meaning, and the structure does not seek meaning by the method of horizontal light and vertical weight, low left and high right. It is simple and unsophisticated, which is out of tune with the customs of the times and shows the spirit of courage to explore. Comparatively speaking, his cursive script is not as profound as seal script, which is the view of most people, so I won't go into details here. Deng's seal cutting is also worth a special book. I will discuss with you in ancient seal cutting.
Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Qing Dynasty)-Wu Changshuo
Famous painter and seal engraver in the late Qing Dynasty. Formerly known as Jun Qing, Changshuo, alias Kutie, from Anji, Zhejiang. When he was a teenager, influenced by his father, he liked writing books and printing. His regular script began to be strict, followed by Dean Zhong; Li Shu studied China stone carvings; The study of seal script was initially influenced by Deng, Zhao and others, and later it was integrated in the writing of Shigu. Sha Menghai's comment: Mr. Wu tries his best to avoid the state of "stubborn" and "grasping the heart and gnawing teeth", and confuses the three postures of Zhong Ding clay figurines, so he is much better than Zhao Gaoming. Wu Changshuo's running script was greatly influenced by Huang Tingjian and Wang Duo's brushwork, while Huang Daozhou's brushwork was greatly influenced by Beibei's brushwork, seal and pen.
Calligraphers of All Dynasties (Modern Times)-Li Shutong
Li Shutong, Master Hongyi, has a young name, a scientific name, Wen Tao, a similar word, and many pen names and nicknames, reaching more than 250. My ancestral home is Pinghu, Zhejiang, and I was born in Tianjin. China is a famous painter, musician, dramatist, educator, poet and scholar, a pioneer of Sino-Japanese cultural exchange, one of the top ten painters in China in the 20th century, and the founder of Nanshan Famendi1/kloc-0. This is unprecedented in China's 5,000-year history, leaving the world with inexhaustible spiritual wealth. Throughout his life, he was a typical figure of China's gorgeous acme and a world-renowned child prodigy.
Li Shutong was brilliant since he was a child, and he lost his father at the age of five. He learned many famous poems and aphorisms from his mother Wang. At the age of ten, he began to study Confucian classics and history, and later studied poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting under Tang Jingyan and Zhao.
Mr. Li Shutong's calligraphy has a long-standing reputation in modern China book circles, and modern cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo are all proud of their words. Li Shutong's calligraphy is divided into two periods, the first period before becoming a monk and the second period after becoming a monk.
Wang Xizhi (AD 303-36 1), a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in Linyi (now Shandong), Han nationality, and later moved to Wuxi, where he lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years.
Ou Yangxun (557-64 1 year), a native of Linxiang (now Changsha) in Tanzhou, was a Han nationality in the Tang Dynasty and one of the four major regular calligraphers in history.
Yan Zhenqing (709-784, Yi Shuo 709-785), born in Wannian, Tang Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty in China. An outstanding calligrapher in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "Yan Ti" regular script, together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, is also called "the four masters of regular script". Also known as "strict care" with Liu Gongquan.
Liu Gongquan (778-865), a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Garden (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). Official to the prince, known as "Liu". Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is famous for regular script, which is as famous as Yan Zhenqing, and is called Yan Liu.
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.