1 What should I do first to enter the financial industry?
1. Don't be too obsessed with the salary of the industry, do a good job in psychological construction first.
First of all, it must be pointed out that as an industry, finance has a very uneven salary distribution. The specific mechanism of this phenomenon can refer to "You are still at school or just graduated, and you may know nothing about the financial industry! 》
To put it simply, if you only plan to enter this industry with a bachelor's degree, then most positions in the financial industry will not have much advantage over other industries.
Don't think that your postgraduate entrance examination is just a diploma in the water, so you won't take the exam.
Sometimes the reason for college students to take the postgraduate entrance examination is just because they don't want to find a job, and they take the mentality of "I will read a diploma first" to take the postgraduate entrance examination. This practice is putting the cart before the horse.
The correct way of thinking is to find out what jobs are available in major financial institutions and what skills are needed for these positions, and then find the corresponding matching direction for the postgraduate entrance examination according to your own needs.
Some positions in the financial industry are compulsory for diplomas. Because with the development, the financial industry tends to be saturated.
Don't think that you can't do this industry without taking the postgraduate entrance examination.
But after all, the admission rate of graduate students is there. At present, the admission ratio is 3: 1. If you really fail, don't be discouraged. After all, the data of 20 17 shows that 80% of the employees of brokerage firms and 87% of the employees of the four major banks have bachelor degree or below.
As long as you are determined, it is no problem to take the postgraduate entrance examination after working for several years. Work experience after graduation is very important, so don't leave blank on your resume.
If you don't plan to take the postgraduate entrance examination, you can also make textual research by stretching the front line. Moreover, finance is also an experienced industry, and professional skills can be gradually acquired in the running work.
Finance and accounting may be the most useful courses in the future.
If you are still in school, please pay attention to accounting courses. If it is really difficult to find a job, you can at least be a small accountant and earn a lot of money when you come out.
If you are proficient in accounting, what the primary market lacks most is high-quality auditing and financial talents. This is definitely a panacea course.
Don't really go to the stock market just to "feel the investment".
There is a big gap between the real A-share market and the stock market on the books. No textbook can really describe the stock market clearly.
There will always be curious students who want to experience the fun of making money by applying what they have learned. If you really plan to do this, please remember to use the money you earn from part-time jobs or part-time jobs, not the money your parents gave you.
Or try the simulated trading function of stock trading software first.
As for China's A shares, such a long story is not here.
6. Carefully consider the sales position, at least for now, this environment needs to be cautious.
In recent years, the sub-sectors represented by Internet finance have experienced a period of barbaric growth. Some have made great achievements, and more are jailed. In the financial industry, it is difficult for supervision to keep up with the expansion of the industry.
△ I get it if I have seen The Wolf of Wall Street.
So some sales, especially those with surprisingly high commissions, are very suspicious. As a newcomer, he is unfamiliar with the compliance system of the financial industry and may become a victim of such companies before customers.
Judging by two simple rules: the non-performing rate of commercial banks is controlled at around 2%, and the risk-free interest rate is around 4%, while some mutual gold products can maintain interest above 10% for several years and have almost just been redeemed. Is the risk control ability of this "completely exploded" bank abnormal?
7. Don't do pure manual labor such as sweeping the building.
In the same way, some companies' job fairs implicitly mention keywords such as "push" and "stay", which are actually sweeping from house to house or even simply handing out leaflets. Not only in the financial industry, any position that won't make you feel that you can accumulate experience and learn knowledge is not worth doing.
8. Carefully consider whether to be a bank teller.
With the above two items, I have to mention the bank teller here.
What's special about banks is that fresh graduates will basically come to the counter-regardless of their academic qualifications. However, it is basically unknown whether the teller will transfer to the business positions such as account manager or loan officer in the later period.
The general environment is that the profits of commercial banks have followed the economic downturn for several years, and the banks themselves still have the problem of redundant staff left over from history. The treatment of tellers is very limited, which is also a very mechanical job. People with a little lively personality will feel very uncomfortable to do it.
Tellers are really not something that graduate students and undergraduates of famous universities should consider unless the bank explicitly promises to have a job transfer plan in the future.
9. The bigger the company, the better.
There is no necessary relationship between the size of the company and the treatment of employees. Small companies and large companies have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Based on the number of employees, employees below 100 basically belong to small and medium-sized enterprises. These companies in the financial industry are usually third-party wealth management companies, private equity institutions and financial technology. Some core positions are also open to fresh graduates with good conditions. So in fact, this is also a good exercise opportunity.
However, such enterprises usually face certain operational risks, no external investment and insufficient cash flow. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their equity background.
The so-called large companies are large licensed financial institutions represented by banks, brokers, insurance companies and some listed financial companies. Their grass-roots posts are usually very market-oriented.
Large companies never lack a large number of resumes, so they have bank tellers with master's or even doctoral degrees.
Therefore, the key is to examine whether the nature of the post they give you meets your long-term development needs. Remember not to be a screw in pursuit of the brand of a big company.
10. Certificates such as professional qualifications should be completed before graduation. Don't delay.
Large domestic and foreign certificates, such as CPA, ACCA, CFA, FRM, etc., can be tested in several schools. In particular, certified public accountants and judicial examinations are basically the criteria for investment banks to recruit people.
Securities, banking, fund, investment, accounting, CFP and other qualifications will enable you to seamlessly connect with the institutions you want to go to before graduation, and also leave a good impression on the recruiting units with strong actions.
A major feature of the financial industry is that certificates correspond to posts and posts correspond to wages. Undergraduate course is definitely one of the few times when I can calm down and study. I'm not in the mood after I really work.
2 Analysis of the development prospects of the financial industry
(1) Banking
At present, China's commercial bank market is basically divided by the four major state-owned commercial banks, with a high degree of monopoly. Its business mainly focuses on traditional deposit, loan, remittance bank and foreign exchange business, with little or no investment banking business, such as financial leasing business, insurance business, trust business, property consultancy and consulting business and tourism advertising business. These business scope restrictions have affected the profitability and innovation ability of financial instruments of China's state-owned commercial banks, and the capital is seriously insufficient, and the loan ability is subject to endogenous constraints. Due to the poor efficiency of state-owned banks and the great pressure to digest their own non-performing assets, they are unable to supplement the fund with operating profits. Therefore, the accumulation of non-performing assets leads to the asset adequacy ratio of some state-owned banks not reaching the requirement of 8% stipulated in the Basel Accord. Due to weak profitability and inefficient use of assets, commercial banks have a large number of bad debts and bad debts. All these will put state-owned commercial banks at a disadvantage in the competition with foreign banks.
(2) Insurance industry
In the past twenty years, the insurance industry in China has developed at an average annual rate of 39.6%. It took 15 years to realize the first premium income of 50 billion, and only 3 years to realize the second premium income of 50 billion (see figure 1- 1 and 1-2). By the end of 2000, the premium income reached 654.38+059.59 billion yuan. At the same time, the main body of the insurance market is increasingly diversified. At present, there are 40 insurance companies in China, and an insurance market structure dominated by state-owned insurance companies and joint-stock insurance companies, with Chinese and foreign insurance companies coexisting and many insurance companies competing has been formed. However, there are still a series of problems in China insurance industry, such as the strength of insurance companies.
Poor, less channels for the use of funds (insurance income is still dominated by premium surplus), low efficiency and management technology, and the service level can not adapt to competition. Therefore, once Chinese insurance companies really compete with foreign insurance institutions, the insurance industry will face a huge impact.
Figure11989 —— Trend of premium income in China in 2000
Figure 2 Growth trend of premium income in China in 2000
(3) Securities industry
China's securities industry started in 1980s. After the establishment of 1990 and 199 1 year, Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges have made great progress through tortuous course. The first is the enhancement of financing ability. The financing amount of China stock market increased from 9.978 billion yuan in 1994 to1922.2 billion yuan in 2006, accounting for 1 1.45% of indirect financing (bank loans). Secondly, with the continuous growth of the size of the securities market, the stock trading volume is also increasing. The stock trading volume of 1993 reached 362.72 billion yuan, and the stock trading volume reached a peak of 6,082.66 billion yuan in 2000, an increase of 16.7 times. In 200 1 year, the number of listed companies in China has reached 1 154, with 66,396,800 investor accounts. The above data show that the China stock market has taken shape after 10 years of rapid development. However, because China's securities industry has developed under certain protection, it has not fully integrated with the international market, and there are still some problems in its further development:
First of all, domestic securities institutions have narrow business scope, single variety and similar structure. The business scope is limited to underwriting, brokerage and self-management of three traditional domestic businesses. Although there are also corporate financial consulting services, most of them are auxiliary means to win underwriting projects. The products and services provided are very similar, and the importance of financial innovation is still not fully understood.
Secondly, the financing channels are not smooth, and there are not many listed securities companies. There are three channels: interbank borrowing, treasury bond repurchase and capital increase and share expansion. Short-term financing is the main financing, and there is no long-term financing channel urgently needed for the development of securities firms.
Third, the efficiency of capital operation is poor.
Fourth, the asset management business of securities firms is chaotic.
Fifth, the income of securities brokerage business declined.
All these indicate that the new China securities industry, which has only grown for more than 20 years, will face enormous realistic pressure and compete with the powerful foreign securities companies that have been tempered by the capital market for more than 100 years.
3 How to do a good job in the financial industry
First, professional image. A good professional image of brokers is the first. Although we don't advocate judging people by their appearances, a good mental outlook and behavior image can really give people a good start. The agent's dress and his neat appearance can bring a kind of perceptual information to customers. Like all industries, the author believes that the customer service broker in the futures industry is also a warm and cheerful personality, but also a service-oriented talent with good expression and communication skills. This communication includes not only oral and written communication, but also non-verbal communication, such as body. And its characteristic is probably more stable and introverted than other industries. Futures is a high-risk and high-return field, and financial futures has a wide range of practical significance and speculative market. Therefore, a good financial futures broker, in addition to the above professional image, should also take "risk disclosure" as a part of the image, and always remind the people you serve, including the handling of various possible situations by relevant laws and regulations. We can't blindly exaggerate the huge profits in the futures market.
Second, professionalism. A good broker must have excellent futures knowledge and relevant trading experience. If the brokers of commodity futures pay more attention to the relevant knowledge of physical objects, such as mining, processing, logistics and allocation, then the brokers of financial futures will face more professional varieties and need different information. As an excellent broker, the author thinks that besides sorting out the relevant achievements of the research department and actively providing them to customers, it is best to have its own main direction. Only in this way can we reflect the differences and characteristics in practical problems for customers. Brokers can concentrate on learning all the knowledge of a market segment according to their actual situation and hobbies (the so-called "digging a well is better than opening a lake" is the truth), and form working groups with corresponding analysts and researchers, which is not only conducive to building personal brands, but also can improve work efficiency. The most important thing is to provide better and more personalized services to customers and indirectly create more tangible profits for the company.
Finance is a big category, covering banking, insurance, securities, futures, trust and other fields, with strong professionalism. To do a good job in customer service of financial futures, we must study and specialize in many related courses including statistics, logistics, accounting, mathematics and value engineering. At the same time, we must be familiar with and understand the major financial markets in China and even the world. Of course, from this paragraph, some people may be surprised that the views mentioned in the previous paragraph of this article have been refuted, so what I want to explain here is the word "one expert and many abilities". Only in this way can our brokers be well informed and conduct special research on different problems raised by different customers.
3. Treat people and things. What we mean here is not the simple reception or communication we usually refer to, but the different service methods that our brokers must adopt when facing different types of customers. Simply put, it is necessary to do customer segmentation first. Our customers can be roughly divided into two categories: individual customers and institutional customers.
For individual customers, we should do a good job in risk education, help them make rational investments, avoid blind high returns, try to avoid major losses, and obtain relatively stable returns with limited risks.
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