Deng Jiaxian (1924- 1986) is a famous nuclear physicist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Deng Jiaxian's grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, and his father was a famous aesthete and art historian. After the July 7th Incident, the whole family stayed in Beijing, 16-year-old Deng Jiaxian went to Jiangjin, Sichuan with her sister to finish high school. 194 1 to 1945 studied in the Physics Department of National Southwest Associated University, and studied under famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Jiaxian taught in the Physics Department of Peking University.
1June, 948, Deng Jiaxian went to Purdue University, Indiana, USA for postgraduate study, and received his Ph.D. in physics in June, 950. On the 9th day after he got his degree, he boarded the ship returning home. After returning to China, Deng Jiaxian worked as an assistant researcher in the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, engaged in nuclear theory research. 1958 In August, he was transferred to the newly-built Nuclear Weapons Research Institute as the director of the theoretical department, responsible for leading the theoretical design of nuclear weapons. Later, he served as deputy director and director of the Institute, vice president and dean of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and is known as the "father of the two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research of detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principles and selected technical approaches of the hydrogen bomb. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967.
Deng Jiaxian and Zhou's Summary of Theoretical Research on China's First Atomic Bomb is a groundbreaking basic work on the theoretical design of nuclear weapons, which summarizes the research results of hundreds of scientists. This work is not only instructive for future theoretical design, but also an introductory textbook for training researchers. Deng Jiaxian also made an important contribution to the study of the equation of state at high temperature and high pressure. In order to train young researchers, he also wrote many lectures on electrodynamics, plasma physics, spherical concentric detonation wave theory and so on. Even after assuming the heavy responsibility of the dean, he began to write Quantum Field Theory and Group Theory after work.
Deng Jiaxian is an outstanding representative of intellectuals in China. For the sake of the prosperity of the motherland and the development of national defense scientific research, he is willing to be an unknown hero and has struggled in obscurity for decades. He often appears in the most dangerous positions at critical moments, regardless of personal safety, which fully embodies his lofty and selfless dedication. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons, but little is known. People didn't know his deeds until after his death.
He is mainly engaged in nuclear physics, theoretical physics, neutron physics, plasma physics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics, and has made outstanding achievements. Since 1958, he has organized and led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport and so on. And made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis on the physical process of the atomic bomb, thus taking the first step of China's independent research and design of nuclear weapons, leading to the completion of the theoretical scheme of China's first atomic bomb, and taking part in guiding the initiation simulation test before the nuclear test. Immediately after the success of the atomic bomb test, we organized forces to explore the design principle of the hydrogen bomb, chose technical approaches, organized leaders and personally participated in the development and test of the first hydrogen bomb in China in 1967. From 65438 to 0979, Deng Jiaxian was the director of the Institute of Nuclear Weapons. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer spread beyond saving, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 6th, 1986, Li Peng, then Vice Premier of the State Council, went to the hospital to award him the National May 1st Labor Medal. 1On July 29th, 986, Deng Jiaxian died of systemic hemorrhage. 1999 was posthumously awarded the "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious medal.
Write a comparison between Deng Jiaxian and Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb" in the United States. Oppenheimer is a sharp-edged top figure. Deng Jiaxian is the most inconspicuous figure, honest and honest, sincere and frank, and never proud. He is "the most simple peasant in China". People know that he is selfless and absolutely trusts him, which is why he can lead everyone to make historic contributions. Draw a conclusion from the comparison: "Deng Jiaxian is the son with the highest dedication bred by thousands of years of traditional culture in China." "Deng Jiaxian is China's ideal party member" shows that only China's traditional cultural background can produce Deng Jiaxian's noble character, and only Deng Jiaxian can meet the needs of China society and make great contributions to national development. Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: "I am the son of the people of China, and I love my motherland and people." Deng Jiaxian's temperament, personality and dedication are consistent with Comrade Xiaoping's voice. In the fourth part, the author writes that he got the news that China's atomic bomb project was made by himself without any foreigners, so his feelings were greatly shocked and he burst into tears. This is the author's 50-year pride in the Chinese nation and his friend Deng Jiaxian.
Deng Jiaxian, 1924, was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, with a scholarly family. The following year, he went to Beijing with his mother and grew up beside his father, a philosophy professor in Tsinghua and Peking University. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. 1935, he was admitted to Chongde Middle School and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes older than him and was a neighbor in Tsinghua. Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. 1937 After the fall of Beiping, he secretly joined the Anti-Japanese Party. Under the arrangement of his father, he went to Kunming, the home front, with his sister, and 194 1 was admitted to the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University.
1945 During the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Jiaxian graduated from the National Southwest United University and joined the People's Youth, a peripheral organization in Kunming, to devote himself to the struggle for democracy and against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. The following year, he returned to Peiping, was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the Peking University Staff Union in the student movement. With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States on 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic performance, he finished all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Doctor Doll".
1950 In August, nine days after receiving his doctorate in the United States, Deng Jiaxian declined the detention of his tutor and friends at the same school and decided to return to China. In the same year 10, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory. 1953, he married Xu Luxi. Xu Luxi is the eldest daughter of Xu Deheng, an important student leader in the May 4th Movement and later vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). 1954, Deng Jiaxian joined China.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/958, Qian Sanqiang, vice minister of the Second Machinery Department, found Deng Jiaxian and said that "the country is going to enlarge firecrackers" and asked him if he would like to take part in this work that must be kept strictly confidential. Deng Jiaxian agreed without hesitation. After returning home, he only told his wife that he wanted to transfer his job. He can no longer take care of his family and children, and communication is difficult. The wife was influenced by patriotic thoughts since she was a child, and understood that her husband must engage in work of great significance to the country and expressed her firm support. Since then, Deng Jiaxian's name has disappeared in publications and foreign exchanges, and his figure only appears in the heavily guarded deep courtyard and the Gobi Desert.
After Deng Jiaxian became the director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Machinery Department, he first selected a group of college students to prepare relevant Russian materials and atomic bomb models. 1June, 959, the Soviet government terminated the original agreement, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made up its mind to build its own atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and satellite. Deng Jiaxian served as the head of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, and at the same time deployed colleagues to study and calculate separately. He also took the lead in tackling key problems. When Deng Jiaxian faced a figure of atmospheric pressure left by Soviet experts, with the help of Zhou, he overturned the original conclusion through rigorous calculation, thus solving the key problem related to the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua later said that this was the result of the "World Mathematical Problem Set".
Deng Jiaxian not only works hard in secret research institutes, but also often goes to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones fly. 1964 10, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and finally he signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He studied hydrogen bombs with Yu Min and others. According to the "Deng Yu Plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally made and successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. Compared with 8 years in France, 7 years in the United States and 4 years in the Soviet Union, this has created the fastest speed in the world.
1972 Deng Jiaxian was the vice president of the nuclear weapons research institute, and 1979 was the president. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer spread beyond saving, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. 1986 July 16, the State Council awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th of the same year, Deng Jiaxian passed away. His last words are still about how to work hard on cutting-edge weapons and exhort: "Don't let others leave us too far away ..."
Although Deng Jiaxian has been the leader of nuclear testing for a long time, he appeared in the front line at the most critical and dangerous time with the spirit of being extremely responsible for his work. For example, the life and death of nuclear weapons, such as inserting detonators and processing uranium balls, are all at a dangerous moment, which not only strengthens management, but also gives great encouragement to operators.
Once, a parachute accident occurred during the flight test, and the atomic bomb fell to the ground and cracked. Deng Jiaxian knew the danger well, but he grabbed it by himself and took the broken atomic bomb fragments in his hand for careful inspection. As a medical professor, his wife knew that he had the cracked atomic bomb and forced Deng Jiaxian to return to Beijing for inspection. It was found that there were radioactive substances in his urine, liver damage and radioactive substances in his bone marrow. Subsequently, Deng Jiaxian still insisted on returning to the nuclear test base. When struggling, he insisted on installing the detonator himself, and for the first time, he gave an order to the people around him with the authority of the dean: "You are too young to leave!" 1985, Deng Jiaxian finally left lop Nur and returned to Beijing, still wanting to attend the meeting. The doctor forced him to be hospitalized and told him that he had cancer. He collapsed feebly in his hospital bed, facing the comfort of his wife and defense minister Zhang Aiping, and said calmly, "I knew this day would come, but I didn't expect it to come so soon." The Central Committee tried its best, but it couldn't save his life. Shortly before Deng Jiaxian died, the organization provided him with a private car. He just sat in with the help of his family and turned around a little, indicating that he had enjoyed the treatment given by the state. 0/3 years after his death and on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded Deng Jiaxian the gold medal of "Two Bombs and One Satellite". References:
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