Bai portrait Juyi (772 ~ 846), Han nationality, the word Letian, was born in Xiangshan and Xinzheng, Henan Province (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou), also known as a layman. He was a great realistic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, and a poet and writer with outstanding reputation and far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. His poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the poet king". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on. Bai Juyi's former residence memorial hall is located in the suburb of Luoyang. Bai Yuan (the tomb of Bai Juyi) is located at Pipa Peak in the south of Luoyang.

Chinese name: Bai Juyi

Alias: Bai Letian, Xiangshan laity, Bai Fu, Bai Wengong.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of Birth: xinzheng city, Henan, China (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou)

Date of birth: February 28, 772.

Date of death: 846 AD

Occupation: poet

Main achievements: actively advocating the new Yuefu movement in literature.

He wrote many poems reflecting people's sufferings.

Masterpieces: Bai's Evergreen Collection, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Journey, Charcoal Man.

Buried in: Xiangshan, Luoyang

Ancestral home: Taiyuan, Shanxi

catalogue

outline

Biographical resume of a character

be an official

Be addicted to alcohol

achievement

Poetry theory

General analysis of literary creation

Research data

Juyi former residence

Five classic works (3)

Say goodbye to the ancient grassland

Dreamed of the south bank

Endless desire

The Everlasting Regret

Tube cutting wheat

The hymn of Twilight River

Pipa player's song

Spring outing in Qiantang Lake

Flowers and non-flowers

take office

Baijuyi tomb

Ju yi Xiang ling

Biography of Bai Juyi in the New Tang Dynasty

Tv series Bai Juyi

Introduction to publishing photo albums

Biographical resume of a character

be an official

Be addicted to alcohol

achievement

Poetry theory

General analysis of literary creation

Research data

Juyi former residence

Five classic works (3)

Say goodbye to the ancient grassland

Dreamed of the south bank

Endless desire

The Everlasting Regret

Tube cutting wheat

The hymn of Twilight River

Pipa player's song

Spring outing in Qiantang Lake

Flowers and non-flowers

take office

Yi Xiangling's new Tang book "Biography of Bai Juyi" and the photo album of Bai Juyi's tomb in the TV series "Bai Juyi" began to edit this paragraph.

Bai Juyi was originally from Taigu County, Shanxi Province, and later moved to Xialuan (now Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). Bai Juyi's grandfather later painted a bust of Bai Juyi in Hebi.

Nangong county magistrate was good friends with his neighbor Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful scenery of Xinzheng, the family moved to Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai, Xinzheng County (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) on February 28th and 20th of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in Henan. Li Zaipu Town was divided into more than ten states by Henan, and the people suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first awarded the county magistrate of Pengcheng County in Xuzhou by the secretariat of Songzhou (AD 780). A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in R&F. Bai Juyi has formed an indissoluble bond with Lifu's landscape. He is also known as the "five sons of Lifu" with Lifu people Liu Xixi, Zhang Zhongyuan, Zhang Mei Tui, Jia Zhanzhong and Jia Yuanxi. They swam in the ditch temple with the Pan Lake, climbed the Wuli Mountain, and wandered around poetically, which was a great event. Later, in order to avoid the war in the Central Plains, he moved to Jiangnan. Five cases of relocation will last for six years. He is the younger brother of another writer, Bai Xingjian. Bai Juyi was very clever and studied hard since he was a child. When he read it, his mouth was sore and his hands were covered with calluses. Young, all white hair. Up to now, there are still allusions such as "ignorance" seven months after his birth and "Bai Juyi is in Gu Kuang" when he first arrived in Chang 'an. His poems have great influence not only in China, but also in Japanese and Korean. He also co-sponsored the "New Yuefu Movement" with Yuan Zhen, known as "Bai Yuan". Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years, hence the name "Xiangshan layman". In the sixth year of Wuzong Huichang (AD 846), on August 14th (Bai Juyi (1 1) in September), Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him, saying, "Who taught Minglu to become a poet after 60 years of creating jade beads?" Floating clouds are not famous and hard to live in, so make a full-length portrait of Bai Juyi.

[1] Change the word "inaction" into "lotte". Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people, and I once missed you. Author of Collected Works of Bai Changqing, 7 1 volume in total. In his later years, Bai Juyi was the official to the prince, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because he offended powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and became a good Buddha in his later years. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "an old woman who can explain". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Charcoal Man are all famous. One of them is "We shouted a thousand times before she started coming to us and hid half of her face behind the guitar from us." "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "More famous. Bai Juyi's poems were widely circulated at that time, from the palace to the folk, and their fame spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan. Bai's poems had a great influence on later literature, and Huang Zunxian and others were all inspired by Bai Juyi's poems. Bai Juyi's poems have the greatest influence. It can be said that Bai Juyi was the man of the hour in China's Tang poetry. In his later years, he befriended the great poet Liu Yuxi and called him Bai Liu. Advocate songs and poems to play the role of satirical beauty. His ci is very distinctive and famous for its bright and beautiful style, which is highly praised by later poets. Bai Juyi's main works are: Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa, Selling Charcoal Weng, Farewell to Ancient Grass, Spring Tour in Qiantang River, Mujiang Song, Memory of Jiangnan, Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple, Drunk with Li Eleven, Memory of Yuan Jiu, Book Province in Records, and Book Province in Records.

Edit this character's life.

Biographical notes

He comes from a small and medium-sized bureaucrat family who is a scholar. Born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). Since 1 1 years old, she has been displaced by war for five or six years. I studied hard when I was a teenager. Portrait of Jinshi Bai Juyi in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800)

[2], eighteen years, and won the excellent book with Yuan Zhen. Two people are engaged. In the future, Bai Yuan was also famous for his poems. In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dismissed the school book lang, wrote seventy-five articles of "Ce Lin", published "Knowledge for Body", and awarded the county commander. For watching the wheat harvest, everlasting regret and by the pond. Yuanhe returned to Korea in the second year, awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin in November, and served as a left gleaning in the following year. In four years, he launched the New Yuefu Movement with Yuan Zhen and Li Shen. In five years, Cao, a native of Jingzhao County, joined the army. At this time, he was still a bachelor of Hanlin, drafting letters and participating in state affairs. He can be outspoken about things without fear of powerful people and close ministers. In six years, Yuanhe was sent back to Beijing to serve because his mother was at home and had served her full term. In ten years, he was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) for taking the lead in writing a letter demanding the urgent arrest of Wu's murderer. The following year, I wrote Pipa Travel. Starting from "being an official" and building a thatched cottage in Lushan Mountain, the thought changed from "helping the world" to "being alone", and there were more and more leisurely and sentimental poems. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he changed to Zhongzhou Secretariat, returned to Beijing in the fifteenth year, and moved to Zhongshu Sheren. Due to the feud between the cronies of the DPRK and China, Yu Changqing requested to be released in the second year (822), and he was the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou successively, which won the hearts of the people. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he was supervised by the secretary, transferred to assistant minister of punishments the following year and settled in Luoyang for four years. Later, he served as the guest of the Prince, Henan Yin and Shaofu Prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he entertained himself with poetry, wine, Zen, Qin and mountains and rivers, and often sang with Liu Yuxi, who was called Liu Yuxi. In Huichang four years, eight stone beaches were dug in Longmen for the benefit of boat people. At the age of 75, he was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen, Luoyang. Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for him.

be an official

Bai Juyi's inscription and postscript

[3] Life is bounded by being demoted to Jiangzhou Sima at the age of 44, which can be divided into two periods. The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a 29-year-old scholar in the 26th year of Zhenyuan. Successive provincial school secretary, provincial school secretary, Hanlin bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he stayed to clean up the mess and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including Ten Famous Poems of Qin Zhongyin and Fifty Poems of New Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and grieve. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry. For the sake of law and order, he urged the authorities to strictly arrest the murderer. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of the admonishers. So he was demoted to the state secretariat. Wang Ya said that her mother fell into the well while looking at flowers and died. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such people are not worthy of governing the county, so they are demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those allegorical poems. The official demotion to Jiangzhou dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminated the troubles and happiness on the surface and the right and wrong in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, with the help of his good friend Cui Qun, he was promoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. Therefore, Mu Zong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing, and Suzhou was appointed as the secretariat after the expiration of Hangzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by the Prince. A 70-year-old official. Compared with the previous period, he is much more negative, but after all, he is a poet who has made a difference and actively pleaded for the people. Some of his poems at this time still show his concern for the country and the people. He is still diligent in political affairs and has done many good things, such as dredging six wells dug by Li Bi and solving the problem of drinking water for the people. He built a long dike on the West Lake to store water and irrigate the fields, and wrote down the easy-to-understand Stone of Qiantang River, which was carved on a stone to tell people how to store water and drain water. He thought that as long as the dike was as good as law, it would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "Bai Causeway".

Be addicted to alcohol

Bai Juyi's grandfather Huang Bai and his father Bai Ji Terrier are both poets. In this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard and eventually became a poet. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was a heavy drinker. Zhang Wenqian said in "Tiaoxi Fish Hide Conghua": Although Tao Yuanming likes to drink Bai Juyi's stone carvings,

[4] wine, but because of poor family, you can't drink often. He drank with the country people who worked for firewood and fish, and the place was also in the Woods and fields. Bai Juyi makes wine at home, and every time he drinks, he must be accompanied by silk and bamboo and served by prostitutes. All the people who drink with him are social celebrities, such as Pei Du and Liu Yuxi. At the age of 67, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunk Sound. This drunken Mr. Yin is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems, playing the piano and playing with drunkards, poetry lovers and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been roaming in temples, hills and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang. Whenever the weather is beautiful, or it snows, he invites guests to his house, first painting the jar, then writing poems, and then holding silk and bamboo. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went out to play in the wild on a whim. He put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two flagons on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily. According to Poor You Ji, Bai Juyi has a pond at home where he can row a boat. He entertained guests, and sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than 100 empty bags beside the boat, which contained wine and delicacies, and went with the boat. When he wants to eat or drink, he pulls them up, and when he finishes eating or drinking, he pulls up another one until he finishes eating or drinking. In this way, it must be different from Tao Yuanming's predicament. Fang Shao's Zhai Bo Discriminations says: Of the 2,800 poems written by Bai Letian, 800 were drunk. This number is not small. When he drinks, he sometimes drinks alone. For example, when he was a secretariat in Suzhou, he was busy with official business and dismissed him with wine. He drank wine all day to relieve his nine days' hard work. He said: "Don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, it is to get rid of nine days of fatigue. Without nine days of fatigue, how can we cure the people of the whole state? How can you entertain yourself if you are not drunk for a day? "He combined wine with labor. More is drinking with friends. He said in the poem "Drunk with Li Eleven and Remember Yuan Jiu"; When you are drunk, you will break your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will make wine. In the poem "To Yuan Zhen", it is said: Flower swimming on the pommel horse, a glass of wine in the snow. In the poem "Drinking, Drinking, Dreams and Late Period", he said; You and I fought for 10 thousand yuan to buy a barrel of good wine, and we watched it for seventy years and three years. In the poem "A suggestion for my friend Liu", he said: There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a trace of red in the static furnace. With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine? Wait, wait. Luzhen, a native of Yining, Henan Province, carved a biography of Mr. Zuiyin on a stone and stood beside the tomb. Legend has it that Luoyang people and tourists from all over the world know that Bai Juyi was addicted to alcohol all his life, so they all came to visit the grave to commemorate him with a glass of wine. The wide land in front of the tomb is often wet and never dry. Bai Juyi's wine is of good quality. He wrote a poem for his wine: "The altar is full of jade and gold; It is pleasant to play and enjoyable to taste; Hospitality, then frown; "After four or five glasses of wine, I landed on all fours." ("Bai Juyi Volume"). The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but even today, the story of "Bai Juyi's wine-making New Year's Eve to enjoy his neighbors" has been circulated in Weibei for generations.

achievement

Bai Juyi was an outstanding poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help, and Bai Juyi has a bust.

[5] Do the only beneficial thing. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's called leisure poetry, which is not bad. "It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four poems, namely irony, leisure, sentimentality and heteronomy, the first two are the most valued, because they embody his principle of' serving from beginning to end'. His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems. As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" "If a beauty does not take an examination of politics, it will waste the meaning of the make-up exam. ...... Give ci fu with admonition and sarcasm. Although it is wild, it will be awarded. " (On Sixty-eight Articles) The function of poetry is to punish evil and promote good and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is to praise and criticize, but to remonstrate and satirize, so he advocates: "Set up an official of poetry, open the way of irony, examine its gains and losses, and communicate its ups and downs." (Poem 69) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" with no content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "worshiping the wind and making flowers and plants on the moon" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to the new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "The quality of words is different, and those who want to see it are easy to distinguish;" His words are straightforward, and those who want to hear them are deeply warned; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is smooth and can be played in music and songs. Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the arguments should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, and the form should be smooth and fluent, with the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate. Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he went on to say: "In short, for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for writing." (Preface to New Yuefu) In "Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty", he recalled his early creation and said: "Since coming to Korea, I have been older and read more. Every time he talks to others, he asks more current events; Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Tao, and you will know that articles are written in time and songs and poems are written in things. " Do it for the time, and do it first for you. " He also said: "I don't know when to avoid the disease that hurts the people" (the second part of "Injury to the Tang Dynasty"), and created a large number of satirical poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, but the general direction is "Only songs make people sick, and hope the emperor can know" ("Send"). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm. Bai Juyi's statue

[6] Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they can no longer simplify the events, and only use one central event and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident that the author is about to take over, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, they pour ink like rain in order to enjoy themselves, even though Pipa is such a story. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. For example, in Song of Eternal Sorrow, "He gazed at the desolate moon from the temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the late rain, cutting it on his chest"; "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" and "When the river mysteriously expands to the full moon" in the pipa; Or combine the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbreaking bell into a charming scene; Or use rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and the moon to form a sad and lonely picture, revealing sadness, sadness and depression. Theme and theme concentration are one of the artistic features of Bai Juyi's satirical poems. He usually only chooses the most typical things, highlights a theme, and the theme is clear. Secondly, the artistic features of Bai poetry are also reflected in the portrayal of characters. He can grasp the characteristics of the characters and draw the characters vividly by line drawing. However, Baishi's poems are not simple. He often uses simple sentences to express meanings and achieve amazing artistic effects. The poem "Light Fat" describes the spirit of the ministers, doctors and generals attending the meeting, as well as the richness of wine and food on the table, but ends with the following sentence: "There is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou eat people." What a tragic scene this is. Leisure poems and allegorical poems are two kinds of poems that Bai Juyi pays special attention to. Both of them are realistic, vulgar and thrifty, but they are quite different in content and mood. The satirical poems aim at "being perfect", which is closely related to social politics and full of lofty sentiments and excitement. Leisure poems are meant to be "independent" and "content with peace and play with temperament" (nine books have the same meaning), thus showing an indifferent, peaceful and leisurely state of mind. Bai Juyi's leisurely poems have a great influence on later generations. Their simple language style and indifferent and leisurely mood have been praised repeatedly. However, in contrast, the "leisure" thought of retiring from politics and being content with peace, and the attitude of returning to Buddhism and imitating Tao Yuanming in these poems have far-reaching influence because they are more in line with the psychology of later literati. For example, Bai Juyi has "fighting for two snail horns, you get a dime a dozen" (the seventh song of "Drinking Seven Songs"), "What's fighting for the snail horns, I'll send this body in the firelight of the stone" (the second song of "Drinking Five Songs") and "paying attention to the things that make the snail horns later" (Notes on Changing Zhai, Volume 8). That is to say, on the basis of the names given by the Song people, "alcoholic, pedant, Dongpo and other names all come from Bai Letian's poem cloud" (Notes on Gong Yi's Positive Solution). Zhou Bida, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out: "In this dynasty, Su Wenzhong paid little attention to permission, only loved Lotte and wrote poems repeatedly. Gage's articles are all about words, but they are honest and straightforward, eloquent, affectionate with people, and indifferent to things, which are roughly similar. " Living in Huangzhou, formerly known as Dongpo, must have originated from the work of Lotte Zhongzhou. "("Poems of Erlaotang ") All these show the influence track of Bai Juyi and his poems.

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