With the popularity of TV series "Daqin Empire" in recent years, people have paid great attention to the Qin people who unified the world and established the first centralized empire in China. However, the origin of Qin people has been controversial for more than a hundred years: Historical Records and other ancient books record that Qin people came from Boyi, but scholars represented by Guo Guowei, Meng and Ding Shan believe that Qin people actually came from Xirong, and the early stories of Qin people mentioned in Historical Records are only fabricated by the association after the development of Qin people. Are Qin people Dongyi or not? If so, how did they get to Longxi as Dongyi people? Coincidentally, at the beginning of 2 1 century, Tsinghua University recovered a batch of Chu bamboo slips from overseas, including a chronicle book named "The Year of the Department" by historians. The third chapter of the book has the following records:
Wang Cheng shit (practice) cut down the commercial city and killed Lu Zigeng. Fei Liandong fled to Shanggai. A king cut down Shang Yang, killed Fei Lian and moved Shang Yang's people to the west, in order to keep slaves away from the glory of the early Qin Dynasty and make (Wei) the world.
Lu Zigeng in the quotation is quoted by Tang Dynasty, that is, Lu Zisheng in the inscription of Taibaogui, that is, Lu Fu (Wu Geng) in the handed down literature. Therefore, the first sentence in the quotation of "Sinian" is about the first year of the crusade to pacify the "three supervisors" Guan, Cai, Huo and the father of the merchant king. Who killed Zhou Wang's son Wu Geng? The bronze inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty gave the answer, so what is the following sentence about? Tang Ye Feng combined with Historical Records, Yizhoushu, Mencius and other documents to elaborate.
It is said that after the elimination of the "three prisons" and the anti-Zhou United front, only a few small countries belonging to Dongyi were left, such as Elder Brother, Pugu, Xu, Xiong and Ying. Among them, the most powerful and loyal to the Shang Dynasty is the electoral country.
After his death, the two monarchs of Dongyi actively encouraged Lu's father to oppose Zhou. One is the monarch of Pugu, and the other is the monarch of the country. Aman kingdom is located in the east of Qufu, Shandong Province, also known as Gai, which is often called Shang Xuan or Shang Gai in ancient books. From this name alone, we can see that its relationship with Shang Dynasty is extraordinary. In previous articles, Feng Ye of the Tang Dynasty once introduced that merchants had moved their capital to Yin Ruins in Anyang many times before Pan Geng in Shang Zhouwang, and there was a saying that "the summer was destroyed eight times and the capital was destroyed five times". This "election" is the place where the merchants moved to Xia Hou for the fourth time, that is, the place where King Nan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved. Later, Pan Geng, the 20th generation Shang King, moved to Yin, that is, moved the capital from site selection to Yin Ruins.
As the former capital of Shang Dynasty, Xuanguo has long been the largest merchant base camp east of Anyang and Chao Ge. And after the battle of Makino, although Zhou Wuwang sent generals to conquer all directions, from the time point of view, Zhou Jun who went to war returned to him within a few days and won. Obviously, the place where they attacked was not far from Asako. When he was in power, Zhou people's troops should not hit the elected countries in the Far East. During King Wu's attack on the Zhou Dynasty, Amang was likely to be forced to submit to the Zhou Dynasty quickly, and its military strength must have lost little. After the Duke of Zhou's crusade, when Lu's father failed and fled to the north without a trace, the die-hards of Yin and Shang who were leaderless but unwilling to surrender to the Zhou people had to flee to their last resistance stronghold-county elections. The so-called "Fei Lian fled to Shanggai" refers to this.
So who is Phelan? According to historical records, Fei Lian and his son Elei were Zhou Wang's minions. Fei Lian is good at running, probably good at driving, so later generations myth him as Fengshen; His son Elai is a famous Hercules, and his name is often used to refer to Lux in later generations.
Legend has it that the distant ancestor of Fei Lian and Emei was Boyi, the commander-in-chief of Dongyi who had helped Dayu to control water. Boyi has two sons. The eldest son is named Da Lian, who is called "Bird's Family". The second son's name is Ruomu, which is "Fei's". At the end of summer, if Mu had a descendant named, because he saw that there was no way, he defected to it. In the famous Battle of Singing, he became the charioteer (driver) of the chariot he was riding, making great contributions. Sun Zhong Yan, the son of Da Lian, the eldest son of Boyi, was appointed as his imperial guard by Emperor Taizu of Shang Dynasty. Later, Zhongyan's great-grandson Juye was enfeoffed westward by the Shang King to Huotai Mountain (now Huozhou, Shanxi) as the western barrier of the Shang Dynasty. This is Feilian's father and Alai's grandfather.
During the cutting week, Alai competed with another favorite (second only to), and was finally captured by Zhou Jun and killed by Zhou people at the temple sacrifice ceremony held in Qishan, Zhou Dynasty. However, Fei Lian, Hubei's father, was sent to the north as a special envoy before the war (probably to contact the northern governors to deal with the Zhou people), but he narrowly escaped.
After Fei Lian came back from the north, the Shang Dynasty had perished, and Zhou Wuwang moved his army to the west. Faithful to Zhou Wang, Fei Lian was heartbroken when he heard that his master had passed away. He returned to Huotai Mountain to build an altar and report his mission to Zhou Wang's soul. According to historical records, Fei Lian dug a sarcophagus when he built the altar, which read: "God ordered Fei Lian not to participate in the rebellion of Yin and Shang Dynasties, and gave you a sarcophagus to be distinguished", so Fei Lian died and was buried in Huotai Mountain with a sarcophagus.
However, this statement is obviously problematic. Loyal to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Fei Lian, whose son was killed, how could he die willingly without hating his country and Yukiko? Different from the records in Historical Records, Mencius said that Fei Lian was later driven to the East China Sea by Zhou people and died, and the newly published Nian also supported Mencius' statement. In Fei Lian's history, the loyalty to Zhou Wang was probably first transferred to new traders Luf, who fought with him against Zhou Fushang. After Lu's father Fei Lian failed, Fei Lian, who vowed to swear allegiance to the Zhou people, fled to the election country and prepared to make a final struggle with the Zhou people. It should be added here that those who rebelled against Zhou in the southeast of the country are still relatives of Fei Lian. Because Fei Lian is a descendant of Bo Yi's eldest son Da Lian, and it is said that Xu is also a descendant of Bo Yi's second son Ruomu (Fisher).
Before Tang's article, it was also mentioned that in order to seize the strategic resource Haiyan, it had invaded Dongyi on a large scale. After a certain victory, many troops were stationed in the local area in order to suppress the Dongyi people who always wanted to fight back. These commercial troops stationed in Dongyi area are likely to gather all over the country.
Therefore, the electoral country faced at this time has become the last bastion of stubborn anti-Zhou businessmen. The desperate anti-adherents will surely fight against the trapped animals and make a final decisive battle with the Zhou people. In this case, Zhou Gongdan must think twice militarily: how to fight this election? Should we attack the election country where businessmen gather first, or attack other countries in the East?
Dr. Xin Jia (also known as Xin Gongjia), an old minister at that time, was a historian of Shang Dynasty before returning to Zhou Dynasty, and he knew the situation of the East like the back of his hand. According to the book indecent assault, he suggested to Zhou Gongdan in the army during the Eastern Expedition: "A big country is difficult to attack, but a small country is easy to surrender. It is better to surrender those small countries first and then win this powerful electoral country. "
Zhou Gongdan smell speech readily accepted, and decided to adopt the strategy of weakening first and then strengthening, clearing the periphery first, and then capturing the fortified city. Zhou Jun of the Eastern Expedition marched in two ways: North Road Zhou Jun attacked Pugu Prefecture (Boxing County, Shandong Province) and Guo Feng Prefecture (gaoqing county, Zibo, Shandong Province). This Pugu country is also a powerful country in the Dongyi system. However, the Northern Road Zhou Jun was commanded by Lu Shang (), a great warrior of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so despite fierce resistance, the two countries were finally eliminated, and their monarchs were captured and killed by Zhou Jun. Zhou Jun of Nanlu attacked a group of small countries named Dongyi in southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu today. Their surnames were Ying (Won) and Xiong, with Xu as the head. This Xu State, recorded in the inscriptions on bronze wares of the Zhou Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Amang State (east of Qufu, Shandong Province) and is also a powerful branch of Dongyi nationality. However, under the fierce offensive of the Eastern Expedition, the nearby small bear and Ying family either surrendered or fled (at that time, many small countries in Dongyi were still nomadic or fishing). At that time, many places in Dongyi area were virgin forests. According to Mencius' old man, Zhou Jun went deep into danger and even scared tigers, leopards, rhinos, elephants and other wild animals to flee everywhere, looking for those who opposed Zhou Yi in the dense forest.
After the enemies in both directions were pacified, Zhou Gongdan began to concentrate on dealing with the powerful electoral country. Zhao, who killed (Wu Geng), should also lead his people from the north to help. In order to inspire Zhou Jun's morale and witness the final victory, the young son of heaven became king, and he personally visited him. (According to the inscription in Taibao Zen, Wang Cheng probably left Haojiang for the old king Shangji area when Zhou Jun conquered Wugeng). Sure enough, the arrival of Cheng Wang greatly inspired the morale of Zhou Jun at the front. Subsequently, Zhou people's eastward expedition launched a rapid attack on this country. At that time, Bo Qin, the eldest son of Duke Zhou, who was in charge of sacrifice, was particularly brave in the battle. Perhaps the monarch saw that the tide was gone and lost the courage to resist, so he chose to surrender. Zhou people finally captured the largest anti-Zhou fortress in the East and captured the monarch.
According to legend, after the country was captured by the Zhou people, Fei Lian, a loyal minister, was still unwilling to fail and led the remnants to continue to flee eastward in an attempt to confront the Zhou people again. The troops of the Zhou Dynasty chased the robbers and finally caught up with Fei Lian in the East China Sea, crushing all his troops and killing Fei Lian.
After Fei Lian was attacked and destroyed, in order to completely destroy this anti-Zhou lair, the policy of decentralized resettlement was adopted: the captured monarch and some nationals were moved north to Pugu area, and they were taken care of by Emperor Tai Shang (Jiang Taigong), who later established Qi State in Pugu; The remaining part of the commercial residents stayed in the local area and left it to the eldest son, Boqin, and became a part of the later Lu people; According to the quotation and year of Tsinghua's bamboo slips, he also forced the Yu nationality of Fei Lian, who won the surname, to move to this place thousands of miles away. According to the textual research of the late famous historian Li Xueqin, Yunlai is in the southwest of Gangu County, Gansu Province. "The Year of the Department" also emphasized that these people who moved westward were the ancestors of the Qin people!
It should be understood now that during the Warring States period, Qin people were often called "Rongdi" by the six eastern countries, and were regarded as a branch of Rongzu by some modern history, but actually originated in the East! This is because the ancestor of Qin people, Fei Lian, was loyal to his father Lu and led his people to oppose the Zhou Dynasty again and again. After the victory of Duke Zhou's crusade, Zhou talents were forced to move to the western frontier! To put it bluntly, the Eastern Qin people were sent to the West as exiles by the Western Zhou people!
Looking back, the duke of Zhou crusaded eastward. Conquering the selected countries and pacifying the East China Sea marked the victory of the expedition led by Zhou People's Congress. There is a cloud in the Great Biography of Shangshu in the Western Han Dynasty:
Duke Zhou was the Regent, who saved the chaos for one year, kept his promise for two years and held elections for three years.
This means that since the Duke of Zhou became the regent of the throne, in the first year, he jointly summoned the Duke of Zhou, "killing his father and brother at home and caressing the princes outside", which eliminated the internal disputes in the Western Zhou Dynasty court and United the royal family and ministers; In the second year, the insurgents such as Guan, Cai, Huo and others were wiped out. In the third year, Dongyi was razed and the country was conquered.
The victory of Duke Zhou's eastward expedition is of great and far-reaching significance. In fact, in those days, King Wu's attack was like lightning, and the actual fighting time was less than January. He only killed Shang Zhouwang, swept through some places in Shang Dynasty, and ostensibly forced all the vassals to surrender. However, due to the lack of their own strength and the policy considerations of Huairou merchants, King Wu did not completely eliminate the influence of merchants. Duke Zhou's crusade to the East lasted for nearly three years, and the battlefield was thousands of miles. It really destroyed the foundation of the Shang Dynasty, firmly controlled the vast area of the Shang Dynasty, completely eliminated the possibility of the restoration of the Shang Dynasty, and extended the influence of Zhou people to the eastern coast, gradually bringing Dongyi area into the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty, and completed what Zhou Wang wanted to do but failed to do. Therefore, the time and space of Zhou Gong's crusade and the depth and breadth of its influence were several times that of King Wu's crusade. Assuming that during the Great Eastern Uprising, the Western Zhou Dynasty was really dominated by the forces of lords and factions, and there was no crusade by the Duke of Zhou, then even if Zhou did not perish, the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was unified by later generations for nearly 300 years, would certainly not exist, and the world would return to the troubled times when many forces were fighting for hegemony. As a result, it is really hard to predict the future trend of China's politics, culture and ethnic groups. China has a word called "the grace of re-creation", and Duke Zhou is the person who "re-created" the Western Zhou Dynasty. It can be said that the Duke of Zhou was one of the founding kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there was no title of "the founding king". (Tang Ye Feng believed that there were three founding kings in the Zhou Dynasty, namely King Wen and Duke Zhou. )