What happened to Annan's rebellion in Ming Dynasty?
Annan is an ancient toe-crossing area. In Tang Yu's time, it was called Southern Communication, and Qin established Xiang Jun. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, the king of South Vietnam, occupied this area, and the Southern Emperor of Wuping set up three counties, namely Jiao, Jiu Zhen and Rinan, and set up a secretariat. When Ren Yan and Guang served as county guards, they taught the people to farm, make crowns and shoes, and gradually run schools. After the rebellion, Ma Yuan put down the rebellion and set up a copper pillar as the border. During the Jian 'an period, Wu left Guangzhou. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Dewey House in Annan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Lingnan. "In the Five Dynasties, it began with the thief of scholar Khuc Tuha My. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Dingding was the king of Jiaozhi County, and the three biographies were usurped by Minister Lê Hoàn. Li Shi was also usurped the throne by the minister Loutai T. Biography of Li Ba, childless, was passed on to son-in-law Chen Riju. The Yuan Dynasty repeatedly broke its country. " ①& gt; & gt In December of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Yi Ji 'an, the magistrate of Hanyang, was sent to pay tribute to Chen Ri, and at the same time, Dr. Min, a middle-aged doctor, and Dr. Duan Ti and Li Anshi, regular attendants, were sent to pay tribute. In June of the following year, when the envoys arrived in Beijing, Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy and gave a banquet. He made Zhang Yining, a bachelor of reading, and Chen Ri, a classic, the king of Annan, and gave Tuoniutu a gold and silver seal. The imperial edict said: "Chen Ri, the king of the South, is only a grandfather, called a vassal and a minister, and will be sealed forever. I am responsible for the spirit of heaven and earth, destroying China and rushing to report. Your majesty is a table official, and envoys come to congratulate you, learn from your predecessors, and protect the people far away. As soon as possible, I am diligent and sincere, which is really commendable. It was sealed by a special envoy and named King Annan. Yu! Treat all people equally and think about the grand ceremony of the king of philosophy; The title is better than the fifth category, so as to inherit the heritage of the game industry. Mao Yi will be loyal and always a vassal. How admirable! " (2) Chen Ri's Dali and 40 pieces of woven gold yarn were also given, and all the rewards below Min were given at the same time. After his death, his nephew succeeded to the throne. On the same day, Dr. Ruan Jian, Mo Jilong, a Chinese medicine practitioner, and Li, a doctor, were sent to give thanks and pay tribute. In recognition of Zhu Yuanzhang, Mo Jilong was added. The next day, I was forced to death by my uncle Chen Shuming. I was afraid of sin and paid tribute to it. Zhu Yuanzhang learned that he actually returned the tribute without receiving it. Uncle Ming claimed to be old and asked his brother Chen (tuān) to be regent, which was accepted. Chen sent someone to thank him and pay tribute. Tribute for three years, the messenger shall not exceed three or four people. The tribute is not thick. In the tenth year of Hongwu (1378), Chen invaded the city and was defeated and killed. His younger brother Alice Chan sent messengers to offer condolences, and Zhu Yuanzhang sent Chen Neng, an official from China, to offer condolences. At that time, Annan thought he was powerful and wanted to annex and occupy the city, but he was defeated. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1389), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xing, the minister of rites, to reward silver with his life. Alice Chan sent a special envoy to pay tribute to the elephant. At that time, Li Ji, the prime minister, monopolized the power, abolished his master Alice Chan, made Chen Ri, the son of Shu Ming, preside over military affairs, and still paid tribute in the name of Alice Chan. Ming ting did not know about this and accepted the tribute. A few years later, it was found that Guo died in a palace coup, so he ordered Guangxi to refuse the entry of special envoy Annan. Li Ji was frightened. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1395), he sent envoys from Guangdong to pay tribute. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and sent officials to condemn the envoys and return the tributes. Li Ji is more afraid. Next year (1396), he will send an envoy to find an excuse to relieve his suffering and beg for a tribute. Although Zhu Yuanzhang hated the evil of Li Ji rebellion, he didn't want to go on an expedition. He accepted a tribute from the Li Ji court. In the 28th year of Hongwu (1396), Ji Li Wa's obituary informed her owner of Chen Shuming's death. Zhu Yuanzhang thought that Chen Shuming was a usurper and sending messengers to hang him was tantamount to rewarding rebellion, so he didn't send messengers to hang the festival, and told Annan's messengers that China wouldn't hang him. & gt& gt in the first year of Wen Jian (1399), he killed Chen ri and made his son Chen king. Then he killed Chen and made his younger brother Chen (Hai) king. Chen was young, still in infancy, and was killed again. So he killed the Chen clan and started his own business, renamed Hu Yiyuan, and named his son Li Canghu (Dρ). He claimed that he was descended from Shun Di since ancient times, was a great danger to the country, and was a sage in the Yuan Dynasty. Soon he claimed to be the emperor's father and succeeded his son Hu, which the Ming court knew nothing about. Soon, Pei Qi Bo, Annan's late minister, came in a hurry. Please let Li Ji die for his predecessor. In December of the second year of Yongle (1404), An Nanguo sent a special envoy from Zheng Dan, and Cheng Zu ordered Shangshu to take the late King Chen Tianping of Annan (in August of that year, Lao soldiers and civilians sent a message to Chen Tianping, the grandson of Annan) to see Ambassador Zheng Dan. When the envoy saw the late King Chen Tianping, he bowed down. & gt& gt In June of the third year of Yongle (1405), a group of people Nie Cong was ordered to repatriate Chen Tianping. Due south lieutenant Huang Zhong, Lu Yi, Dali temple Yin, led five thousand troops to garrison. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), in March, Chen Tian passed Ji Ling Pass and reached the Qin War. The mountain road is steep, the trees are dense, and the military line is out of touch. When it rained, Hu Annan was ambushed and Xue and Nie Cong were killed. Huang Zhong urged the whole army to attack, and the bridge could not be broken, so he led his troops back. Emperor Yongle was furious when he heard this. He sent lord protector and twenty-five generals to send soldiers from Beijing, Jing, Hu, Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangxi to Pingxiang to rebel on charges of deceiving the king. In September of the fifth year of Yongle (1407), Li Ji and Li Cang were captured alive and taken to Gyeonggi and Nanping. Li Ji and his son Li Cang were imprisoned, while his son Li Cheng and his grandson Li Rui were pardoned. Li Ji and his son Li Cang were sent to Guangxi after they were released from prison. Li Cang and Li Cheng are good weapons, so they are free. & gt& gt In August of the sixth year of Yongle (1408), the toes were turned upside down. Jane is definitely Chen's veteran and refuses to serve Li. She served as Annan's special envoy with the loyalist, which was quite meritorious. Later, knowing that he didn't want to restore Chen's political power, he fled on his own, rallied his old staff, claimed to be the King of Japan, changed his yuan to celebrate, and began to disturb the border, especially Chen Jikuo and Deng Jinglong. Ming Chengzu ordered Mu Shenggong of Guizhou to send tens of thousands of soldiers to Yunnan and Guichuan for conscription, and ordered Liu Baojun, the minister of the Ministry of War. In December, Mu Sheng and Jane decided to have a decisive battle in Shengjue River and failed. Construction was rampant and occupied many counties. & gt& gt In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Jane decided to be the emperor, and Chen Ji was expanded to be the emperor of Da Yue and reinstated. After claiming to be Chen's in the expansion season, Ann couldn't bear to abandon Chen, so she returned to the expansion season. In August, Deng Jingyi attacked Shanghai Beach, and commander Xú Zhēng died. Zhang, a British public servant, beheaded thousands of people in Xianziguan and Taiping Haikou, and drowned countless people. He captured more than 200 people, including Pandi, and captured more than 400 ships. Leaders Ruan Shimei and Deng Jingyi defected to Chen Jikuo. After Annan, Chen Jikuo claimed to be Chen of the royal family and asked him to be his father. Zhang Fu refused and the troops entered the DPRK. At that time, Chen Ji was a little far away, and the Ming army went all out to pursue Zhou Jian. Mu Sheng split his troops from Jiang Leinan, the commander Zhu Rongzhou arrived at Niubi Pass, and Zhang Fu rode his army to Meiliang. Jane decided to abandon the horse and go to the deep mountain of Geely, and the Ming army finally captured it after searching the mountain; At the same time, he caught Chen Xige and Ruan Yan and sent them to the capital, but Chen Jikuo and Deng He fled to Yi 'an. Jane was executed when she arrived in Beijing. In the eighth year of Yongle (14 10) and the ninth year (141), the Ming army continued to pursue Chen Jikuo. In the 11th year of Yongle (14 13), in December, Duke Zhang Fu of England and Duke Mu Sheng of Guizhou joined forces to attack the troops of Ai Zijiang Annan. At that time, Duke Zhang Fu of England and Duke Mu Sheng of Guizhou marched into Zhou Shun, and Chen Ji expanded his henchmen Ruan Shifu to love Zijiang, setting an ambush for loyalists. Zhang Fu noticed and warned Pioneer. The elephant jumped on it, and the Ming army wounded its trunk with falling rocks. The elephant rushed back to this array, and the Ming army took the opportunity to rush and beheaded dozens of people, including General Ruan Shan and General Pan Jing, but there were no casualties. In the twelfth year of Yongle (14 14), in the first month, the Ming army went to the Lomeng River in Zhenghe County, and both sides were cliff paths. Zhang Fushe, the British public, rode on foot, shot Deng Jingyi with a big rope, and tackled him. And studied under Ruan in Nanling County. When Chen Jikuo fled Laos, he commanded his division to pursue and occupied Sanguan in Laos. The barbarians broke up, abandoned Chen Jikuo and his concubine in Nanmo and came back alive. In August, Chen Jikuo was beheaded. & gt& gt In April of the 13th year of Yongle (14 15), Duke Zhang Fu of England was ordered to watch his toes, and Minister of War Chen Qia praised military affairs. Zhang Fu crossed his toes, captured his pseudo-king three times, defended the southwest, and the people who crossed his toes obeyed control. Annan initially determined. In November of the 14th year of Yongle (14 16), Zhang Fu, the commander-in-chief of Jiao-toe and a British public servant, was recalled to Beijing, and Hou Libin was ordered to guard half the city. Ten years before and after Zhang Fu's operation, Huang Zongzai was ordered to patrol his toes. Jiaotu barracks were all covered with thatch, and many places were destroyed by fire. Huang Zongzai ordered Sanlian to raise officials to cut pottery tiles. After half a year, the barracks were all tiled and the fire broke out. March, an official from China, arrived in Jiao Jiao in the name of purchasing, desperately looking for domestic treasures, and his human feelings were turbulent. When the Ming army retreated, it rebelled at the same time. Ruan Zhen, Li He, Pan Qiang and local officials in Lu Na all knew that Lun had been waiting for a while. Bing Lin sent generals to suppress the rebellion, but it still couldn't stop. Russian music patrolled Li Li, the son of Che Mian, the son of a magistrate, and the three rural areas. , also took the opportunity to make an insurrection, self-styled officials, killed generals and officials, and burned houses. Many people, including Ruan and Ruan, claimed to be the king and appointed their party as the Taishi and Pingzhang. & gt& gt Pan Liao, the son of the Anfu magistrate, inherited his father's footsteps. He couldn't stand the tyranny of Ma Qi and rose up and rebelled. Fan Yu, a monk in a mountain temple, claimed that God had given him a sword, so he arrogantly called King Luoping. In Yongning period, he joined forces with Dan Fan, Wuzhong, Li Xing and Tao Cheng to set up prime ministers, generals and generals to attack the city and plunder the land. Bing Lin's expedition to the west is a favor. The court thought that the rebellion was not peaceful for a long time, and appointed Rong as the left general to help him put down the rebellion. In May of the 18th year of Yongle (1420), Hou Libin ordered Fengcheng to say, "We failed to get rid of Li Li, Pan Liao, Che Sanlong, Wen Li and others, so we should try our best to draw a general plan and eliminate this thief as soon as possible." (3) Cross toe left Li Xiucheng Feng Gui, right Li Xiucheng Hou Bao begged Li to die. Hou Bao, a native of Hebei Province, was born in Guangcheng County, with good governance. Clearly set up counties, select people to take care of them, promote Hou Bao as the magistrate of Jiaozhou, and move to participate in politics. When Ber Ber plundered counties, Hou Bao led many people to build castles to resist harm, Li Li led many people to attack them, and Hou Bao died. Feng Gui, everyone in Wuling, is a scholar, who can help the refugees and join many others by raising affairs and participating in politics. More than 20,000 soldiers are brave and good at fighting, and they are very active every time they go out. Later, the middle-ranking official fell ill and caught his soldiers. And Li Li rebelled, and everyone forced Feng Gui to arrest him, only giving hundreds of soldiers to fight Li Li, and you died in chaos. Hou Bao is a clean government, and Feng Gui has a master plan. Everyone deeply regretted his death, and settled Li Li, which brought great disadvantages. In September, it was recalled and replaced by Rongchang. & gt& gt Li Li is an official under Chen Jiguo and a general of Jin Wu. After the restructuring, it is frustrating to do inspections in Ole County, Qinghua Prefecture. When the Ming army retreated, he rebelled and usurped the throne. Brother Shi Li became the prime minister, and robbed soldiers with Duan Mang,, and so on. The Ming army came to crusade, captured Fan Yan and others alive, and Li Li escaped. After a long time, Lili went out to rob again. , division and others sent troops to suppress, captured its pseudo general Ruan Li and others, and Li Li fled to Laos after defeat. When the troops were dispatched, Li Li sneaked out and killed the Jade Bureau for inspection. Soon, Li Li came out to plunder Jiang Lei again. When the Ming army pursued him, he ran away. When other rebels were wiped out, Li Li lurked deeper. At the beginning of>& gt, he once said: "Li fled to Laos, and Laos asked government troops not to enter. When all the armies in the army set out to catch profits and stay here for a long time, you can't predict it. " (4) Cheng Zu suspected that Laos was hiding Li Li, so that Bing Lin escorted Laos envoys to Beiping for questioning, and Laos expelled Li Li. In the 21st year of Yongle (1423), Chen Zhi pursued Li Li in Chelai County, Ninghua Prefecture, and defeated Li Li and fled. Li Li forged a deep friendship with Guan Zhongshan Shou when he didn't rebel. At this time, Shou has returned to the DPRK, and he repeatedly stressed that Li Li is friendly with himself and there is no doubt about mutual trust. Now, if I win him over, I'm sure I can submit to the court. Cheng Zu said, "This thief is very cunning. If he is caught, the situation will be bright and difficult to control. " . ⑤ Shan Shou kowtowed and replied, If I go to Zhaofu, Li Li will not surrender, and I will die a thousand times. Chengzu promised Shan Shou, and sent him with the imperial edict, and awarded Li Li Qinghua county magistrate to comfort him. "Just drop, the profit has coach light, kill command Chen Zhong. I have no intention of surrendering, that is, to comfort the fool and keep the official, and pretend to be cool in autumn, I will be robbed. " 6. In the autumn of the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Chen Zhi reported to Chengzu that Li Li had fled Laos and was sent back to Guixian. When the loyalists attacked, his leader john young and others led 1600 men and women to defect. Although Ber Ber sought appeasement and was willing to pull troops to his side, he could not keep them out. He keeps making weapons in secret and will become his soldier. When it was played in the imperial court, it coincided with Injong's practice of dharma and amnesty for the whole world, and ordered Chen Zhi to appease Li Li. Unexpectedly, Li Li actually committed Chalongzhou, defeated Fang and killed Wu Yun, commander-in-chief of the capital. & gt& gt In March of the first year of Xuanzong Xuande (1426), Chen Zhi and Zheng Fang, the company commanders, entered Chalong County and suffered a heavy defeat. In October, according to Guangwei County and Shan Li, Li won hundreds of thousands of people and parted ways. In November, Pingzhou magistrate He Zhonghuai invited Julian Waghann to walk more than 200 miles out of the city at night. He was overjoyed and thought that he was well known, so he bought wine to persuade loyalty. "You can share your wealth with me." He Zhong cursed: "Thief slave! I am a courtier in heaven, how can I eat your dog? " ⑦ Grab a cup and throw a plum, bleeding and being killed. Hearing this in the imperial court, Xuanzong was deeply saddened and gave him loyalty. In February of the second year of Xuande (1427), Li Jue attacked Jiaozhi City, and the company commander Wang Tong suddenly attacked and defeated Li Lijun, beheading more than 10,000 people, including Si Dingding Li and Situ Libian. He was too scared to join the army. Please take advantage of the victory to strike hard and give Li a breathing space. Soon, the situation will be restored. In April, Li Li attacked the Yangtze River. In July, Li Jue stormed the pass, and Gu Xingzu from Zhenyuan supported Nanning, and the pass was trapped. The court arrested Xingzu and imprisoned him. In September, Hou Anyuan and others led the troops to Jiaotoe Pass to stay behind, while Li Li and others begged to stop fighting and rest the people, and made Chen's land the left, which was not allowed. I lost the battle with Lebanon, without 70 thousand people. The king reported the rise and fall and decided to make peace. Huangfu, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, was captured, and Li Li and others dismounted and said, "My parents are not going north, I am not here." When they ended up crying, Huang Fu advised them to submit to the court. Li Li and others can't bear to hurt. Their canal manager gave Huangfu dry food and gold coins to leave the country. When they arrived in Longzhou, Huangfu returned what Li Li had given to the officials. In October, Wang Tong and Li Li set up an altar as an alliance, retired from the division, and sent people from Kanzhong and Li Li Pai to the court. Xuanzong, Wang Tong and others. The civil and military officials of the internal and external security departments, the third division, the health department, the research institute, the government, and the prefectures and counties all went home with their families. & gt& gt In the sixteenth year of Xianzong Chenghua (1480), Guo Wang and Li Hao occupied the city. First, Li Li died, and his son Li Linli. When Lin died, his son stood up. He was killed by his younger brother and stood up on his own feet. Cong invaded Laos, was defeated, killed Cong, and made his brother king Annan. Qian Neng, a middle-level official in Yunnan, resumed his personal relationship and married him. He was treacherous at the border and endangered Yunnan. Governor Wang Shu was treacherous, but chaos was avoided. & gt& gt First of all, Annan people pay tribute, carrying more private goods, passing through Pingxiang and Longzhou, and there are not enough transshipment people, so there is hatred. In the winter of the 15th year of Xianzong Chenghua (1479), Li Hao sent more than 800 troops across the border of Mengzi, Yunnan, claiming to catch thieves and build camps and live without authorization. Border guards will stop and retreat. Li Hao is even more ambitious after capturing the city. I personally supervised 90,000 soldiers, opened three mountain roads, broke the funeral prison, invaded Laos, and killed Chaya, Lan and Zhang San. Jia Ya's youngest son was afraid that Yasai would escape to 800 miles before he was spared. Hao once again accumulated grain for training, issued false orders in the car, concentrated his troops to attack 800, and thousands of soldiers died in the wild, all of which were said to have been struck by lightning. Eight hundred people blocked his way home, a raid killed more than ten thousand people, and Ho Lee began to retreat. Tang Xianzong held a court meeting and asked Guangxi Chief Secretary to instruct Li Hao to gather troops, and Yunnan and Guangdong strictly guarded the frontier. Soon, Li Hao wrote that there was no invasion of Laos, and he didn't know what to do with the 800-meter-long Xinjiang space. His words were extremely arrogant and crazy. Filial piety and practice ordered Liu Jian to read a letter to his country. Special envoy Annan came to pay tribute, which was not finished because of the great funeral of the court. In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), the king of Zhancheng was able to return to China with the strength of the Ming Dynasty, and he was afraid of Annan's invasion. Ma Wensheng, the minister in charge of the Ministry of War, called Annan's special envoy and said, "Give an order to your master, and every territory will enjoy peace. Otherwise, once the imperial court is filled with indignation, the heavenly soldiers will press aside, such as the Yongle Dynasty, and your Lord will have no regrets. " ⑨& gt; & gt In the first year of Jiajing of Sejong (1522), Moli Li Guang arrogantly called Li Ming Emperor of Xiangyi. In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), Mo killed Li Guang and died with his mother. At that time, Li was still based in Tsinghua, Yi 'an, Hue and Quang Nam, and Kibaki refused to accept Thailand, so he helped it with obstacles. Later, Tai led his army to attack Lee and occupied Tsinghua. Li defeated Laos. In September of the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), Li died of anger, and all the soldiers were at peace. posthumous title had three thousand soldiers. Mo was very handsome. He attacked Ning and was defeated. He captured Ningbao and sank in the middle of the river, but his son went to Laos and assembled 8,000 troops to protect Ma Jiang. M?c· Tai T made his son Fang Ying king and changed his name to Dazheng. In the 16th year of Jiajing (1537), the court discussed Annan. In February, Lin Xiyuan, the magistrate of Qinzhou, wrote to Chen to discuss Annan's strategy. The magistrate of Lianzhou, Guangdong, wrote: "Since ancient times, the emperor has abolished it, but the summer has abolished it, which violates the rebellion. I have never heard of a teacher who can't understand sin. Now that the sound of war has spread, I am afraid to go on an expedition to make trouble, cater to the auxiliary associations and seek war. " Attending he urged six things that can't be used at present. In April, the Ministry of War discussed Annan, and the assistant minister of the Ministry of War remonstrated, saying, "Chen and Tai are both rebels. It is worth discussing that Li Ning and his son have not been invited to pay tribute for 20 years. Why did they choose to be teachers? " And its land is insufficient for counties and counties, and it has no surrender with China. Today, the enemy in the north is against Japan and France, and Wan Li is United. Early warning is frequent, and the defense at home is taken care of. The attack distance is not worth it. We might as well send ministers with both civil and military skills to denounce them, pardon their threats, let Li Ning cooperate with the crackdown, and let the people of a country use my voice to boost morale and receive merits. Tang Zhou, assistant minister of the Ministry, said, "The emperor is in a state of famine, and he should not be cured. Since Annan's internal troubles, Guangdong and Guangxi have less border police force, so there is no need to be tired of China's revenge on Li. "But, sejong south intention is very sharp, unshakable. In April of the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), Hou Qiuluan of Xianning was appointed as the deputy general of Zheng Yi, and Mao Bowen, the minister of war, joined the army to crusade against Annan. In the twentieth year of Jiajing (154 1), Mc Tai T was the commander-in-chief of Annan. At first, Mao Bowen said that he was not afraid of prestige, but Li Ning said that after that, his lineage was unknown and he could not testify. He asked for the admission of m?c· Ty T, the abolition of his old rank, and the granting of a new position to appease Annan. After careful consideration, I agreed to Mao Bowen's proposal and appointed the king of Annan, m?c· Tai T, as the commander-in-chief of Annan, and his descendants would not seal him. In June, Mao Bowen changed classes. & gt& gt In April of the 24th year (1596), the plum was reduced. First, Mao bowen dispatched troops, and Mc Tai T died, leaving his grandson Mo Fuhai to live in the South China Sea, and the court ignored him. Later, Mofu Haizi was powerful and finally deported Li. Son of Wanli Nine Years (158 1), Momo Chara Gong. Because Mo was hunted by his subordinate Li Bokun and died in Haiyang, Mao Qia was the first to take the position. Li chose to die, while his old minister Zheng Jianli preferred it in the west. Jane, the son of Zheng, was founded by Li Weibang, the grandson of IV. Wei Wu, the second son Wei. Letter to Tan Wei as Commander-in-Chief, reset Annan. There are twelve roads in Annan's country and only one county in China. Since the era of Li, although it was called Fan by tribute, it was emperor in his country and called Zong after his death. Li was killed. Some people say that Kevin·Z shoveled it. Zheng's power, the destruction of the Li family and the restoration of the Li family were all contributed by Zheng Yi. Tan Wei's death, the son's faithful succession, the son's faithful death and the son's rational stand are all praises to Ming. & gt& gt Attention > & gt①② The History of Ming Dynasty Volume 321 Annam Biography. & gt& gt③ Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty (Volume 22) Annan's rebellion. & gt> ④ ⑤ The History of Ming Dynasty Volume 321 The Biography of Annan. & gt& gt⑦ History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 22, Annam Rebellion. & gt& gt⑨ pet-name ruby "Ming history" volume 321 "annan biography. & gt& gt⑩ attending "Tong Ming Jian" volume 57, the 16th year of Sejong Jiajing. > > Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 22, Annam Rebellion.