The life of the character
Pang Xun was the leader of Guilin garrison in the late Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, he served as a grain officer in Xuzhou and Sizhou Army, which were guarding Guilin. In 863 AD, Tang Zeng recruited 2,000 troops to guard his toes in Xuzhou and Sizhou, 800 of whom were stationed in Guilin (Guangxi). It was originally scheduled to be replaced once every three years, and the 868 has not been replaced for five years. In 868, Xu Xin, the commander-in-chief of Guilin, launched a mutiny and killed Du Jiang Wang Zhongfu. He was promoted to the leader, passed through Hunan and western Zhejiang, entered Huainan, and conquered Suzhou (Suxian County, Anhui Province), saying that the military and horses had not moved. Adowa Cheng Peng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) sent three thousand men to attack Cui Yanzeng. Crossing the Lushui River in the north, taking Pengcheng, and taking captive Tang Xusi for observation have expanded Cui Yanzeng and others to more than 10,000 people. He consolidated the periphery of Pengcheng, and the number of people from afar grew to 200,000, occupying a large area in southern Shandong, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, occupying the advantages of Liankehao and Chuhe. Tang ordered Kang to gather all the envoys, and also ordered Sha Xie to be sincere (later named Li by Tang Ci) to assist in the suppression. It also won many times, which encouraged pride, despised the enemy and relaxed discipline in the Ministry. Sent Xuzhou to Zhang, rebelled, and both Su and Xu surrendered. The counterattack failed and he died in Xishui, Qixian County (south of Suxian County).
Grain appraiser
In the ninth year of Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (868), Pang Xun's stationing troops in Guizhou (now Guilin) broke out. This time, it took more than a year to capture Xuzhou and the counties bordering Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan, control the Jianghuai area, cut off the economic channel in the south of the Yangtze River, and the team grew to nearly 200,000 people. "Tang died in Huang Chao, and the disaster was based on Guilin." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the vigorous peasant uprising was initiated by the Guizhou garrison.
Pang Xun, the leader of Guizhou Garrison, was born in an unknown year. He was originally only a food judge for preventing stroke in Guizhou.
Stand guard, stand up
In the middle and large-scale period, the Annan Duhu (Tang set up six capitals to protect the government and govern the border counties) was one of them. In 679, the first year of the apocalypse in Tang Gaozong, it was in August 2006 that the governor of the state was changed to the governor of Annan, and the name of Annan began. Li Zhuo cruelly exploited people. In the fourth year of Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (863), Nanzhao State (now in charge of Taihe, Dali, Yunnan) attacked Annan three times and captured Jiaodi (now northwest of Hanoi, Vietnam). The Tang Dynasty ordered Qiu Meng, our special envoy, to recruit thousands of people from Xuzhou to help, 800 of whom were guarding Guilin. It was supposed to be returned in three years.
In the Tang Dynasty, Xuzhou had a strong rural atmosphere and strong military talents. After three years of garrison duty, they arrived in Xian Tong for nine years. These garrisons have been stationed in Guilin for six years, but they still failed to return to their hometown. They have repeatedly asked to return to Xuzhou. At that time, Xu Si's observation made Cui Yan listen to the words of Yin Kun, a close official, and asked the garrison soldiers to stay for another year on the grounds that "the troops were too weak to send troops", which aroused the anger of the garrison soldiers. Ji Xu and other nine people were so angry that they killed Wang Zhongfu and made Pang Xun, the grain official, the chief.
So, Pang Xun led the defenders to seize the weapons and armor of the military academy and marched all the way back to their hometown of Xuzhou.
After the departure, Pang Xun led his troops through Hunan, down the Yangtze River, through western Zhejiang, into Huainan, and headed for Xuzhou. Along the way, after the capture of Suzhou, the team quickly developed to six or seven thousand people.
Defeat loyalists
In the ninth year of Xian Tong 10, two days after Pang Xun led the troops to capture Suzhou, the commander-in-chief Mi Yuan led 3000 officers and men to besiege Suzhou. Pang Xun gathered 300 big ships in the city, filled with food, and went down the river. After breaking through the tight encirclement, choose favorable terrain to ambush along the Bianhe River. Mi Yuan led the officers and men to chase him and was ambushed. The officers and men were defeated, and no one returned to Xuzhou.
Guilin Garrison was originally a soldier of Xuzhou buffer region. Moreover, a considerable number of officers were originally "thieves" in the rivers and lakes of Xuzhou, which was favored by the court. After Pang Xun captured Xuzhou, they became officers of all sizes. After the conquest of Xuzhou, the number of troops soared to more than 100,000 (note: 200,000 recorded in the Tang Dynasty). Pang Xun didn't rush them forward, but sent messengers to Beijing to seal our time for himself. Because he thought that Pang Xun would soon become our time, some robbers and surrender officers and soldiers who fled to the deep mountains and forests to become kings also joined his team. Due to natural and man-made disasters, a large number of poor farmers also joined the army.
Since then, Pang Xun divided his forces to attack the city, and successively captured Haozhou, Chuzhou, Hezhou and other places, and also sent heavy troops to besiege Sizhou (now Sixian County, Anhui Province). In the Tang Dynasty, Kang was appointed as our ambassador to Yicheng, and all battalions recruited ambassadors. Wang Yanquan recruited envoys for the northern line of Xuzhou and Dai recruited envoys for the southern line of Xuzhou, and led 30,000 troops to Douliangcheng (now Xuyi North, Jiangsu) to suppress. Pang Xun led the army out of Douliang overnight, leaving only an empty city. The next day, Pang Xun, lost in the fog, seized this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, ordered Wang Hongli to lead tens of thousands of troops, and suddenly killed them back in lightning speed. The loyalist fled everywhere and was submerged by the Huaihe River. More than 20,000 officers and men were killed in this campaign. Dai escaped alone and was killed on the way. Pang Xun won a great victory and seized tens of thousands of equipment, food, chariots and horses.
Find a formal job.
In the early days of Pang Xun Uprising, it was possible to "waste no money and people". But after adowa dike division 30,000 officers and men, Pang Xun thought he was invincible in the world, became increasingly complacent, and was keen on drinking and having fun. There is a man named Zhou Zhong, named Pang Xun, who is proud of his talent. Pang Xun welcomed him as a distinguished guest and regarded him as a "strategist". Zhou Zhong warned him: "Since ancient times, people have been arrogant and extravagant, with gains and losses. There are too many things, and the people who have done it have not achieved it. " But Pang Xun wouldn't listen. Those Guilin defenders who fought against Pang Xun were particularly overbearing and often robbed other people's money and women. Pang Xun didn't punish him severely, so that the last one got out of hand, and people were in a panic for a time.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were many buffer towns, and the post station of our time was the dream of soldiers. As a soldier, Pang Xun has a population of 100,000 and several states, but it can't resist the temptation to be a time saver.
After capturing Xuzhou, Pang Xun continued to send troops to attack the city and plunder the land, but at the same time began to seek our time, dreaming that officials would stop fighting.
Pang Xun asked Zhou Zhong to help him draft the playing table, asked for the appointment of our ambassador, and said, "One minister is the place where the Han Dynasty rises and falls." . Because of our times, the military government was cut and the punishment was missed, leading to forced expulsion. Your majesty seized his restraint and cut off an army, dead or alive, and there were countless grievances. Today, when I heard that I would punish foreigners again, the soldiers felt pain and anger. I pushed the minister to leave the military forces behind, and pressed a hundred thousand troops to touch the land of the four States. I heard that I took advantage, and the emperor's capital was also available. When you see the benefits, you don't doubt them when you meet them. I begged for mercy and returned them to my family. Otherwise, it's not too late to delay the halberd "(History as a Mirror, Volume 25 1), and the dispatching department sent Zhang Rongfeng to Beijing.
Pang Xun is obsessed with "National Grace" and "Minister's Day". People in Xuzhou think that he has succeeded in seeking festivals, so even children can sing the ballad "No festivals, only December".
Die of defeat
After wiping out 30,000 officers and men of the dike division, Pang Xun issued a notice, which expanded the influence and the situation was very favorable to him. Our Huainan era was a wily bureaucrat. He was very afraid that Pang Xun's team would enter Huainan, so he implemented a plan to slow down the troops and sent someone to lobby Pang Xun and promised to call our time to the court for him. Pang Xun didn't know it was Pang Xun's profile, so he stayed put and stood by, missing a good fighter plane to advance in Huainan.
At this time, the court made a new military deployment and sent nearly 65,438+10,000 troops to encircle. In Yicheng, our ambassador, Kang, led 70,000 officers and men to be stationed in Liuzizhai, three miles from Xinxing to Lutang, and the barriers were connected, so Pang Xun had to divide his troops to guard it. Loyalists attacked in three ways, forming a trend of encirclement of Pang Xun troops. Pang Xunqin's general, Wang Hongli, led a main force of 30,000 people to participate in the battle, and was attacked by loyalists, almost completely annihilated. Then, loyalist continued to advance to Liu Zi Village, and Yao Zhou, another general of Pang Xun, was defeated. The loyalist sent cavalry to pursue and slaughtered Yao Zhou's team.
After many twists and turns, Pang Xun gave up his illusions about the Tang Dynasty and accepted the opinions of Zhou Zhong. In April of the 10th year of Xian Tong (869), he killed Xu Si, set up Cui Yanzeng and Zhang Wei as army supervisors, and began to make a complete break with the Tang Dynasty. He was promoted to "General Tianshu" and "King Ming".
During the Pang Xun Uprising, there was no campaign speech or slogan, nor did it call on the peasants to unite to overthrow the feudal rule in the Tang Dynasty. In September of the 10th year of Xian Tong, Pang Xun died heroically in Qi (Suzhou), with nearly 10,000 nominal troops killed and almost all others drowned. Wu Jiong, a rebel in Haozhou, was left alone until June 10 when the city ran out of food. Wu Jiong died in the breakout, and all the troops were killed one by one. At this point, a peasant uprising evolved from mutiny failed.
Historical evaluation
One year and two months before and after the Pang Xun Uprising was another large-scale peasant struggle after the Qiu Fu Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, and it was another heavy blow to the rule of the Tang Dynasty. He made active preparations for the successive uprisings in Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao (see Wang Xianzhi Uprising and Huang Chao Uprising). Historical comments: "The death of Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty was blamed on Guilin" is a pertinent evaluation of the important position of Pang Xun Uprising in the history of peasant uprising and peasant war at the end of the Tang Dynasty.