J-7
MiG -2 1 "Fish Nest" has written its own page in the history of fighter development because of its versatility, high efficiency, and especially its amazing life. This kind of aircraft, after continuous improvement, has developed from a light Japanese fighter to a heavier slow Japanese fighter; Multifunctional all-weather attack fighter; At the same time, its maneuverability and other excellent performance have never decreased. MIG -2 1 was licensed for production in India after a long-term suspension of production in the former Soviet Union, and left the production line at the Naxi factory in Hal. The last batch of MIG -2 1 aircraft made in India was completed in 1987.
Today, there are still a large number of late-stage improved MIG -2 1 fighters serving in the front lines around the world. Moreover, after the reunification of East Germany and West Germany, many countries are keen to buy "Fish Nest" fighters without the East German symbol. The first generation MIG -2 1F, also known as "Fish Nest -C", has now become a rarity. Initially, although a small number of such aircraft were used as advanced trainers by some countries, such as Czechoslovakia at that time, due to their limited endurance and combat load, they quickly gained the reputation of "supersonic aircraft", which led to the birth of a model with front-line combat function about 20 years ago to replace it; Under this background, MIG -2 1 was introduced to China and was licensed to continue production, which really surprised people. The main model improved and produced in China is the imitation of "Fish Nest -C" (MIG -2 1F- 13).
Perhaps even more surprising, this MIG -2 1, which was rejected by most western countries 20 years ago, was used by China to export to Pakistan. And in Pakistan, together with F- 16 fighters, it is used to defend the national airspace against the threats of advanced fighters such as Indian MIG -29, Mirage 2000 and Jaguar. 歼 7, now called 歼 7 in China, is the abbreviation of 歼 7, and J is the first letter of the Chinese phonetic alphabet of the word J; The number used for export is F-7, and F is the first letter of British fighter. China can produce J-7, thanks to the close relationship between China and the former Soviet Union.
In fact, in 196 1 year, the Soviet Union agreed to allow China to manufacture MIG -2 1F- 13 and its Tumanski R- 1 1F-300 engine. A small number of Soviet-made aircraft were delivered to China as demonstration aircraft. Along with these planes, some of them were delivered to China and disarmed. The exact number is unknown. However, the breakdown of relations between the two countries seriously affected China's plan to build this kind of aircraft, because the Soviet Union did not give China any technical documents and information about this kind of aircraft. The Soviet Union gave China the priority to manufacture MIG-19, that is, J-6, so the relevant technical documents and materials provided were relatively complete. Soon after the Soviet Union allowed China to produce this kind of aircraft, China began to produce the J-7.
Therefore, Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute of China accepted the task of comprehensively studying MIG -2 1 in order to work out the production plan of J-7 aircraft. The MIG -2 1 prototype started production in early 1964, and the static test of the fuselage was completed in June 1965. The first production 歼 7, like the early 歼 7, was manufactured by Shenyang Aircraft Factory. It made its first flight in June19665438+1October 17, and was piloted by test pilot Ge Wentang. By the end of April of that year, China had built 12 J-7 fighters. During this period, the prototype completed 29 landings and landings before and after the test flight, and the flight speed reached M2.02 The J -7 originally produced in China was driven by a turbojet-7 turbojet engine. This engine is based on the Soviet R- 1 1F-300 engine and has been improved in many aspects. They used new processing methods to manufacture turbine blades and other important parts of the engine, but the afterburner and compressor were redesigned. In the later engine, the number of turbine blades was reduced from 3 1 to 24, which greatly improved the reliability and reduced the sensitivity of the engine to surge and stall flutter. 歼 7 prototype 1967 authorized. All the J-7 aircraft at the initial stage of production conversion were produced by Shenyang Aircraft Factory.
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(English numbers represent export types)
MiG-21f-13->; 歼 7 I-> F-7A->F-7B
MiG-21f-13->; & gt 歼 7 II
MiG-21f-13->; & gt」& gt 歶 VII IIA->; F-7M
MiG-21f-13->; & gt」& gt 歶 VII IIA->; 」& gtF-7MP
MiG-21f-13->; "& gt」& gt Fighter 7
MiG-21f-13->; ""> Fighter Education VII
MiG-21f-13->; & gt」& gt used to be called 歼 73.
MiG-21f-13->; 」& gt」& gt」& gt○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○967
MiG-21f-13->; & gt」& gt 歼 7e-& gt；; 7 mg
MiG-21f-13->; & gt」& gt 歼 7 fighter
As early as 1964, China decided to transfer it to Chengdu and Guizhou for production. The 歼 7 I daytime air defense aircraft is the first model of the 歼 7 aircraft manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Company, which is basically similar to the 歼 7 aircraft manufactured in Shenyang. 1the first test flight in June, 976, the test pilot scene. Compared with the prototype (MIG -2 1F- 13), the main improvements are as follows: an aerial gun is added on the left side of the fuselage (the main weapons of the prototype are a right fuselage gun and two external missiles), which strengthens the melee firepower; The intake adjusting cone is changed from three-stage adjustment to stepless adjustment, which improves the acceleration performance of level flight; Recently, the arc radius of the lip was increased from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, which improved the airflow characteristics at low speed and increased the takeoff thrust. Main technical data: captain: 14.89m wingspan: 7. 15m height: 4. 1m wing area: empty weight: 5275kg maximum takeoff weight: 8655kg maximum operating speed: 2.0M ceiling: 8000m climb rate:/kloc-0.
The export model of F-7A J -7I is also manufactured by Shenyang Aircraft Factory, and a small amount is exported to Albania and Tanzania. Compared with … 歼 7 I, its improvements include that the engine is changed from the original turbojet -7 to turbojet -7 B, the afterburner thrust is increased from 56.39 kN to 58.8 kN, and the engine life is prolonged; The landing resistance parachute cabin moved from the belly to the root of the vertical tail, which can release the parachute in advance and further shorten the landing distance; Improvements of some airborne electronic equipment: Later products laid cables for external close-range missiles. The F-7B designed for export has been exported to Egypt and Iraq. Like the later MiG -2 1F- 13, these early models of the J-7 have wide chords and vertical tails, and two 30 mm caliber guns equipped by the early MiG -2 1F aircraft are retained. Iraqi F-7 fighter planes played an important role in the long-term Iran-Iraq war. Some of them also participated in the Gulf War in previous years, but at that time, they lost a lot on the ground, and some of them were also shot down by fighters of multinational forces. Like all other fighters in Iraq, there are very few F-7s that can fly. Moreover, facts have proved that even if they participate in the war, they are only victims of the overwhelming excellent soldiers of the multinational forces. The original J-7 was not widely used in China, mainly because of the unique cockpit missile rescue system of MGO Design Bureau. In this system, the hinged front hatch cover is connected with the driver's seat, which can shield and protect the driver in the process of ejection lifesaving. Due to the complexity of this linkage system and the rough processing quality, the ejection of this domestic life-saving system is easy to fail. But no new ejection lifesaving system was provided. It was not until 1978 that the new life-saving system was equipped for use on the J-7 aircraft. In fact, the new type II ejection seat of the J-7 II aircraft was developed in 1975. This ejection seat is installed in two cockpits with jettisonable canopies.
This 歼 VII II is a further improvement on the basis of 歼 VII II (once known as 歼 July 1 reform). It made its first flight on 30 February, 1978, and the test pilot was in. The main improvements are as follows: the self-developed rocket ejection seat replaces the separated ejection lifesaving device designed by the former Soviet Union, and the new ejection seat is equipped with a high-thrust ejection rocket, which not only accelerates smoothly during ejection, but also makes the pilot's spine less likely to be injured and has a higher ejection trajectory. When the plane is at zero altitude on the ground and the speed exceeds 260 kilometers per hour, the system can also eject. When ejecting in the air, the maximum flight speed of the aircraft can reach 890 km/h. Interestingly, this new ejection seat was not used until 1984. This ejection seat, favored by China Air Force, successfully ejected five times on 1985. The last ejection was smooth except for the normal performance of the seat. The cockpit cover is changed from full front opening to rear opening, and the front windshield is fixed; The landing resistance parachute cabin moves up to the root of the vertical tail, which shortens the landing distance of the aircraft; There is also an oil tank with a capacity of 720 liters along the longitudinal center line of the aircraft belly, which increases the oil load and expands the operational radius. More importantly, the 歼 VII II adopts a new turbojet -7B (WP7-B) jet engine with a static thrust of 6 1O0 kg. The original turbojet -7 engine only made a series of minor improvements during its whole production life, but the turbojet -7 B shows that China has made great progress in engine development. Because the turbojet -7 B engine uses some improved materials, structures and processing technologies that have been applied to the turbojet -7A engine, the maintenance interval time is doubled to 200 hours, and the engine thrust is also improved. The turbojet -7A engine was specially developed for the J-8 fighter developed by China. The turbojet -7 B adopts a new combustion chamber flame tube, a new high-temperature bearing, sealing technology and synthetic fuel. The redesigned afterburner adopts new heat insulation measures, which can avoid the burning accident of the rear fuselage. The rear fuselage burning accident was once a common problem of J-7/ MIG -2 1F aircraft. On the further improved life-extending turbojet -7 B engine, the original starting device with gasoline as fuel has been replaced by the starting device with kerosene as fuel. This kind of engine not only reduces the weight, but also improves the reliability and is more conducive to maintenance. The engine has been modified to solve the problem of excessive temperature of the rear fuselage.
歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 歼 27 The structure has the following improvements: the arm of the pitot tube of the nose is shortened and moved from the lower part of the nose to the upper part of the right side of the nose to be fixed; Radome improvement; A VHF antenna is installed at the top of the vertical tail.
The F-7M is in the J-7 IIA, which is a fighter called "Air Guard". The plane has been exported to Iran, Zimbabwe and possibly Iraq, but almost certainly there are no Pakistan and Yugoslavia countries. The development of the F-7M "Air Guardian" aircraft started at 198 1, and it made its first flight on August 3 1, 1983. The F-7M is equipped with a lighter WP-7B(BM) engine, with an external contact under each wing, a stronger bird-proof windshield and a pair of reinforced windshields. The aircraft is suitable for carrying PL-7, PL-2 and PL-3 missiles. PL-7 is an imitation of Matra's R550 "Magic" missile, while PL-2 and PL-3 are imitations of Soviet AA-2 "Atoll" missile, and their performance is reduced. Perhaps most importantly, the F-7M is equipped with various avionics in the West, including a head-up display and target aiming computer of GEC Avionics Company, namely 956HUDWAC；; New long-range ranging radar with improved anti-electronic jamming performance: new air data computer, radar altimeter, friend-or-foe identification system and safer radio communication transceiver. From the appearance, this kind of aircraft is also easy to move to the right with the American J-7 II through the repositioned pitot tube: the pitot tube of F-7M is moved above the nose cone; This 歼 7 II is located under the nose. According to the requirements of the domestic air force, it is called 歼 7 IIM.
This 歼 7H is a modification to enhance the ability to attack the ground. Tested in March, 1985. The main improvement projects are: adopting universal external beam; Improved kerosene start turbojet -7 B life extension engine: the main landing gear strut is reinforced with tubeless tires; The transmission control circuit is modified.
F-7MP's improved J -7M, test flight on June 9 1988, test pilot Lu. Main improvements: electronic equipment, rearview mirrors and other cockpit equipment have been added; Modify the external system to hang different types of air-to-air missiles, rockets and bombs; The steering column is shortened by 50 mm, which reduces the fatigue of the pilot's arm. F-7P, F-7PG, F-7MB and F-7N are all export-oriented aircraft developed from F-7MP. In addition, there are JJ II export types and JJ IIK export types to improve JJ II.
Sky lightning
The F-7P specially designed to meet the demand of Pakistan Air Force is called "Sky Lightning", which is very similar to the F-7M, but it has been further improved through 24 improvement projects. As early as the 1970s, Pakistan was optimistic about MIG -2 1, and a group of senior officers of its Air Force actively encouraged the equipment of this aircraft. These officers were stationed in the Arab Air Force in turn and had experience in flying MIG -2 1 aircraft. For example, Brigadier General Sath rLVI of Pakistan Air Force once shot down Israel's Mirage III fighter in Syria's MIG -2 1. This example made them have a good impression on Soviet fighters.
Kistan's experience in fighting India in 1965 and 197 1 also had a great influence on the equipment of this aircraft, because in these two wars, MIG -2 1 "Fish Nest" had excellent combat records. Pakistan initially purchased 20 F-7Ps at a price of about 1985. It is predicted that the F-7P, as a mass production interceptor with low price and quick response, can be used together with the F- 16 fighter with long range and strong endurance.
○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○967 Have the ability to attack the ground. The design of 歶 VII III started from 198 1, 82% of which were redesigned, and only 18% kept the original design. 1On April 26th, 984, the prototype made its first test flight. Like the previous 歼 7 II, the test pilot of the new machine was Yu, actually the chief test pilot, but there was no such name in China at that time. This 歼 VII III is jointly developed by Chengdu Aircraft Company and Guizhou Aviation Industry Company, and is mainly responsible for the design of aircraft wings and nose landing gear. The main improvements of the aircraft include: adopting new all-weather radar equipment to improve the performance level of the flight control system, refitting the IV ejection seat (F-7P is also used), increasing the fuel quantity in the aircraft, and refitting the new turbojet-13 engine with thrust of 64.72 kn. This type of engine is developed on the basis of turbojet -7, which is not only smaller in size, but also improved in compressor and bearing (greatly reducing the vibration level of the engine), adding titanium alloy to the structural material, and installing integrated circuit metal flaw detection equipment in the fuel system (to prevent leakage). These improvements have obvious influence on the reliability and life of the engine. In addition, it is equipped with all-weather radar and relatively advanced fire control system; Various types of air-to-air missiles, rockets and bombs can be hung under the wing; The amount of fuel in the machine increases; The trailing edge of the wing is equipped with a blowing flap; Refit the new cockpit cover, drive it to the right, with rearview mirror above it; Zero altitude and zero speed rocket ejection lifesaving chair. The improved J -7 III looks like MIG -2 1MF "Fish Bed -J" on the surface, such as the convex hull at the landing gear, the angle of attack sensor and Yoshijima, as well as the enlarged nose inlet and the central conical fairing, but it has actually changed a lot. Zhu also installed two machine guns at the root of the wing, replacing a 23 mm machine gun previously installed in the belly nacelle. The aircraft is also equipped with an "additional fork" IFF antenna. The exterior painting of the J-7 III aircraft serving in China Air Force is mainly blue, brown and light brown.
The basic two-seat trainer of 歼 7歼 7 II is 歼 7. "Fighter" is the abbreviation of fighter trainer. This kind of aircraft is designed for the training and modification of pilots of J-7 and J-8 aircraft. In appearance, it looks like MIG -2 1U "Mongolia -A" aircraft. The idea of developing this trainer was born in 1979, and the use requirements were put forward in 198 1. The aircraft was developed by Guizhou Aviation Industry Corporation. Remarkably, its development progress is fast and smooth. First flight on July 5, 1985, test pilot Yan Xiufu. The main feature is that the front and rear cockpit covers are opened to the right, and the upper part of the rear cockpit cover is equipped with an electric telescopic forward-looking periscope; There are double ventral fins under the rear fuselage. The front cockpit of the J-7 is equipped with an advanced fault simulation system, which can also be controlled by the rear cockpit. It is reported that a large "saddle"-shaped fuel tank is also installed at the rear of the aircraft to perform long-endurance tasks. Its gun space is also occupied by an extra internal fuel tank, which is rare. The 歼 7 II maintains a small batch production scale, with an average annual output of about 14.
In 1996 VII III order to give full play to the advantages of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The all-weather combat effectiveness of the J -7 D aircraft developed from this has been greatly improved.
歼 7 E was developed by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation and the University in 歼 72. A new type of wing with double triangular plane shape is selected, and the maneuvering flaps at the front and rear edges of the wing are added to improve subsonic and transonic maneuverability. Increase engine thrust, reduce fuel consumption, and replace the original turbojet -7 B engine with turbojet-13F engine; Installed the head-up weapon aiming system, air data computer, etc. Changed attitude system, radio compass, beacon receiver, radio altimeter, ultrashort wave radio station, etc. Additional high-performance air-to-air missiles; Increase the weapon plug-in capability and add a plug-in point at both ends of the wing to enhance air-to-ground firepower; The pressure refueling system is added, and the hydraulic system adopts closed refueling, and the horizontal tail and aileron loads are improved. The improved aircraft's low-altitude combat capability, take-off and landing performance, ground firepower and endurance have been significantly improved, and it has certain adaptability to future electronic warfare. China's "August 1st" aerobatic demonstration team has selected this type of aircraft as the performance aircraft in July 1994, hence the name 歼 7 EB(B stands for performance).
Judging from the improvement of the J -7E, the most outstanding improvement of the aircraft is the substantial improvement of its close combat capability. There are three conditions to improve the stable hovering angular velocity: first, limit the maximum load, which generally does not exceed 8-9g; Second, stall restriction requires increasing Cy as much as possible and reducing wing loading as much as possible; The third is the limitation of available thrust, which requires increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio as much as possible. Because the J -7E changed the original delta wing into a double delta wing and installed the front and rear edge maneuvering flaps, the Cy of the aircraft has been greatly improved. In addition, due to the replacement of the turbojet-13F engine (engine thrust 6560kg), the available thrust increased by 460kg, which played a good role in improving the stable hovering performance. At the same time, due to the mass production of new models with larger thrust-to-weight ratio in turbojet-13 series engines, there is still room for further improvement in the maneuverability of the J-7E, and the improved J-7E has stable hovering performance in the middle and low altitude. Another important index of horizontal maneuverability is instantaneous hovering performance, which is usually achieved by deceleration, so it is not limited by available thrust, but only by bearing capacity and stall. Because the wing loading of the J -7E is small, the J -7E has more advantages in instantaneous maneuverability. The wing loading of 歼 7E also declined to some extent because of the substantial increase of Cy. It is estimated that the stall speed of 歼 7E will be looser than 歼 7II's 2 10-220km/s, which undoubtedly plays an important role in improving the instantaneous hovering performance of 歼 7E.
The latest modification of F-7MG 歼 7 series. Double delta wings (the swept angle of the inner wing is 57 degrees, and the swept angle of the outer wing is 42 degrees), front and rear maneuvering flaps, and two external beams under the wings, which can flexibly change weapons. Main technical data: Maximum speed: Mach 2.0. Operational radius: 500Kg, maximum range: 2,200km, maximum ceiling: 18200m. Main weapons: two 30mm guns, five external points, PL-2A, PL-7 R5 50 air-to-air missiles, 57-2, 90.
歼 7FS65438+1On June 8, 1998, 歼 7FS jointly developed by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation and other nine units made its first flight successfully, and the test pilot was money. This type of aircraft will be mainly used for the verification flight of key technologies. From the appearance, the biggest difference between the J -7FS and the original J -7 series fighters is that the original nose intake mode has been changed, that is, it has evolved into a chin intake mode, similar to the American A-7 "Pirate" attack aircraft. This improvement has two advantages: first, it increases the size of the nose and is convenient for installing high-power airborne radar; Secondly, the air intake efficiency is improved when flying at high elevation angle, thus enhancing the attitude maneuverability of the aircraft.
The original airborne radar of the J-7 fighter can only be installed in the inlet rectifier cone with a narrow diameter, and the size of the radar scanning antenna is strictly limited (too much air intake can not meet the normal working requirements of the engine), so it is only equipped with low-power ranging radar, such as GEC- Marconi's "air patrol" 226 fire control radar. Its combat range is about 20 kilometers, and it can only track/attack a single target, which cannot give the fighter the ability of over-the-horizon air combat, thus affecting its operational effectiveness. After the above ingenious improvement, the diameter of the radar scanning antenna in the radar cabin allows the device to exceed 600 mm, and the advanced fire control radar similar to the Russian "Beetle" series can be used as standard equipment. Beetle radar is a multifunctional pulse Doppler radar, which can guide many kinds of missiles. Its search/tracking distance for targets with a radar reflection cross section of 3 square meters is more than 70 kilometers in the front hemisphere and 40 kilometers in the back hemisphere. It also has the ability of looking up and looking down, can track 10 targets at the same time, and can guide medium-range air-to-air missiles to attack two of them at the same time, which gives the J -7f the ability of over-the-horizon air combat. In addition, in order to further improve the power performance, the J -7FS is equipped with a turbojet-13FII engine. This engine is a dual-rotor turbojet engine with improved adaptability based on the turbojet-13 engine loaded on the original J -8II fighter of Liyang Engine Company. The thrust is further increased to 78 kN (about 8000kg), which greatly improves the maneuverability of the 歼 7FS compared with the original 歼 7 series fighters. For example, the maximum climb rate is increased from 139 m/s to 199.8 m/s; At an altitude of 5000 meters, the acceleration time from Mach 0.6 to 1 Mach was reduced from 35 seconds to 28.7 seconds. The take-off and running distance has also been shortened by 200 meters and so on. The J -7FS will gradually improve its airborne electronic equipment, and plans to replace the radar cooling system, circuit system, flight parameter recording system, weapon management system, GPS navigation system and multifunctional cockpit display. & ltU> is also preparing to refit the wing into the same "double delta wing" as the J -7MG to further improve its agility in melee. & lt/U & gt；