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Release time: 2004-09- 13 Source: China Thinking Network Author: unknown.

199 1 year 65438+February 2 1 day, in the last ten days of this year, a great event happened in the world that many people did not expect. Founded by Lenin, the Soviet Union, which has existed in this world for nearly 70 years, disintegrated. The mighty Soviet empire, which once dominated the world, is like a building block built high above the ground, which suddenly collapses at the touch of it. At first glance, this seems to be an incredible thing. It has never experienced a war, and it is so powerful. How could it suddenly disintegrate?

Let's take a look at the last scene of the Soviet Union's disintegration ceremony:

"Gorbachev spent a whole 12 minutes reading his book to his Soviet compatriots. At the end of the reading, his eyes were wet, his voice was hoarse, and his heart was torn by countless hands, so he could hardly read any more. 19: 20, according to the pre-arranged procedure, Gorbachev will hand over the "nuclear button" that decides the end of the world, a black briefcase with the code to launch 27,000 nuclear warheads of the former Soviet Union, to shaposhnikov, the temporary commander-in-chief of the CIS armed forces, and then to Russian President Yeltsin from shaposhnikov. Still in front of the live TV camera, Gorbachev unconsciously touched his suit pocket, but unfortunately he forgot to bring his pen and was at a loss. Tom, general manager of CNN TV Broadcasting Company? Mr Johnson saved Gorbachev's car in time. He was quick-sighted and took a ballpoint pen out of his pocket and quickly handed it to the president who would become a civilian in a few seconds. Gorbachev said, "Thank you! "Immediately, he used this ballpoint pen to quickly sign his name on the decree that he gave up the post of commander-in-chief and handed over the control of nuclear weapons to Yeltsin."

"At the moment Gorbachev handed over the nuclear button, people gathered in front of the TV seemed to hear a loud noise. Everyone knew that the red empire Building, which had stood for 69 years, suddenly collapsed completely and was chopped into 15 pieces." The above is a detailed description of the scene by a China scholar.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union was a bit unexpected for any country in the world at that time. Especially for China and the United States, the two world powers, they were at a loss for a while. No one knows how the countries of the former Soviet Union will develop after their division. What impact it will have on the world pattern.

Ten years later, what is the situation of Russia as the successor of the former Soviet Union? Russia has inherited 70% of the land area, 70% of the economic base, 60% of the population and about 70% of the national resources of the former Soviet Union. 199 1 The gross domestic product of the former Soviet Union was about 3 trillion US dollars, equivalent to a little more than 60% of that of the United States, ranking second in the world. At that time, the Soviet Union was a powerful country, with strong national strength, advanced science and technology, confident people and interests all over the world. What is Russia, the successor of the Soviet Union? According to statistics, 200 1, ten years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia's GDP is about 300 billion US dollars, which is one tenth of that of the Soviet Union 199 1. The total import and export volume of foreign trade is about US$ 80 billion, which is only one fifth of that of China. The gold and foreign exchange reserves of $20 billion are only one tenth of that of China. What is this concept? In other words, Russia has changed from a powerful country to an economically insignificant second-and third-rate country in the world. On the world political stage, Russia's right to speak is decreasing like its economic weight; Militarily, Russia has almost lost its decisive influence, and even on the issue of armed rebellion in Chechnya, it has been difficult for a long time, which has embarrassed many countries and military strategists. For former Soviet President Gorbachev and former Russian President Yeltsin, will this end be their original intention? Former Soviet President Gorbachev recently lost his beloved wife and now sadly runs the Gorbachev Foundation named after him, while former Russian President Yeltsin is now enjoying his old age under the care of current Russian President Putin. Definitely not. Yes However, how can they bring a good and powerful Soviet Union to the point of disintegration in just six years? It took another person eight years to turn a Russia that inherited 70% of the assets of the former Soviet Union into such a dilapidated country? Isn't there a lesson for China, for all the politicians in the world, and for those who care about the fate of China and the future of China?

First of all, Gorbachev is too bookish.

What kind of person is Gorbachev? How did he climb from a small place in the southern frontier of the former Soviet Union to the highest position in the Soviet Union? The following is Gorbachev's resume: Gorbachev was born in 193 1 in Stavropol Krai, the southern frontier of the Soviet Union, with Russian nationality. 1952 joined the Soviet Union and graduated from the Law Department of Moscow State University and stavropol Agricultural College. 1955 served as the first secretary of stavropol Youth League Committee, the minister, second secretary and first secretary of a certain department of the Frontier District Committee of the Communist Youth League, and 1962 served as the party secretary of stavropol Farm Production Administration. 1966 September, from 1968, he was elected as the first secretary of the Party Committee of Stavropol Krai, and from 197 1 he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of CPSU. Representatives of the 22nd, 24th, 25th and 26th CPSU. 1978 was elected secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU. 1979 was elected as CPSU Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and 1980 was elected as a member of the Politburo. 1in March, 985, he was elected as the general secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU. Judging from Gorbachev's political career, it can be described as smooth sailing. Almost every two or three years is a new starting point, except for staying a little longer in the position of the first secretary of the Party Committee of the Frontier Region. Gorbachev has read many books. He has a law degree from the most prestigious university in the Soviet Union and a technical degree from the Agricultural College. However, looking at his whole political experience before he became general secretary of CPSU, we can say that he basically did not encounter any difficulties and hardships, and there were almost no remarkable achievements in his whole working history. At best, he is just a person who is usually dissatisfied with current politics. Although Gorbachev has nothing to show off in his political achievements, he, like anyone who attacks his country and CPSU, knows nothing about politics, but he is obsessed with power and yearns for the enviable position of General Secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU for a long time. Paulding, Gorbachev's secretary as general secretary, in his book "Gorbachev's ups and downs: Gorbachev was elected general secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU", "He immediately moved into the office named No.6 on the fifth floor of the main building of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office building without any delay. Just as the Russian czar was obsessed with the throne and crown, this new office has always attracted him. Almost overnight, the waiter cleaned everything, changed the long carpet on the stairs and polished the floor. There are still some things to do in the reception room, but Gorbachev can't wait to start receiving visitors in his new office. " What we can see from Paulding's description seems to be an underage young man. He suddenly gained a high degree of trust from his superiors and gave him an important job that can reflect trust. He can't wait to finish the work to show his talent. As soon as Gorbachev came to power, he suddenly promoted a large number of people who he thought had reform ideas, including Yeltsin, who later became his political sworn enemy, Gachev, who was later left out by him, Shevardnadze, known as "Foreign Minister of Reform and Foreign Minister of Peace", and Jakovleff, the central secretary in charge of the party's ideological propaganda work, who led the Soviet Union to disaster.

Gorbachev's personality is best reflected in his book "Reform and New Thinking", which has been dubbed as "the most smelly theory" in the 20th century. Originally, the word "reform" had many expressions in Russian: but Gorbachev used the word "reconstruction and transformation". In the Russian dictionary, the definition of this word is "tearing down and rebuilding". According to this, Gorbachev was determined from the beginning to tear down the Soviet building and rebuild it. He wanted to establish his own utopia. Now this statement is definitely offensive, but Gorbachev really wants to use a big country like the Soviet Union to make a reform experiment for himself with the interests of the people of the whole Soviet Union, and wants to start with the most sensitive and deadly political system in this country. Gorbachev, like most people in the Soviet Union, saw the shortcomings of the country, but he was also like an immature young man, afraid that others would not know, and eager to express his thoughts clearly in the title of this book. In order to express the openness of his thoughts, as a big country like the Soviet Union, he gave this book to an American publishing house for publication. That is to say, in the world where the Cold War is in full swing, as a big country, * * * has presented its own design and strategic thinking of governing the country to the world without reservation from the beginning. How childish this behavior is! While promoting the reform, he also vigorously advocated the so-called "democratization" and "openness" in an attempt to attract the masses to participate in this reform. I don't know which philosopher once said: "The cleverest * * is the * * who can hide his strategic thoughts the most". General * * * is like this, not to mention a general secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU? In fact, Gorbachev's so-called new thinking, in the eyes of world-class strategists, is nothing more than a composition in the internal publication of the college; In the eyes of world-class politicians, it is just a paper of a fledgling graduate student.

Gorbachev, who was born at the grassroots level, also saw the economic difficulties of Soviet countries and people's dissatisfaction with the rigid system. 1986 to 1990 and 2000 presided over the formulation of the basic principles of Soviet economic and social development. 1987, he formulated the basic principles for the fundamental reform of economic management and enterprise law. His basic idea is to delegate power to enterprises and let them achieve "three self-sufficiency", that is, to operate completely independently. This idea seems ok for Gorbachev who has a degree from Moscow University, but it is not brilliant for a country. At that time, this reform method had been implemented in China for several years. Some local and business leaders and economists in China saw the limitations of this reform, loudly called for further economic system reform, and are carrying out pilot projects for further reform. Under the framework of the big economic system without reform, by the end of 1988, the overall economic situation of the Soviet Union had not improved and was even more unbalanced. 1986? The average annual growth rate of national income in the Soviet Union from 65438 to 0988 was only 2.8%, which was lower than the so-called "stagnation era" from 65438 to 09865438 to 0? 1985. After the economic reform was frustrated, Gorbachev unilaterally blamed the failure of economic reform on the current political system. 1The 19th CPSU Congress held in June 1988 marked the shift of the focus of reform from the economic field to the political field. Gorbachev is the general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, but he used the mentality of ordinary Soviet civilians and the language of immature intellectuals to call the original political system of the Soviet Union "bureaucratic autocracy" and "totalitarian system". He lashed out at the political system of the Soviet Union in various public occasions, seriously damaging the political image of CPSU and Soviet countries in the people's minds, while extremists and separatist forces in the party greatly praised Gorbachev's remarks. His political system reform and the implementation of democratization and opening up have caused great chaos in Soviet society, and some Democrats in various republics have begun to compete with CPSU for power. 1989, the three Baltic countries * * * openly split with CPSU. The power of the Republic fell into the hands of Democrats and separatists. The whole Soviet society was in serious turmoil. The economic situation has deteriorated. From 65438 to 0989, the growth rate of national income in the Soviet Union dropped to 2.4%, and the supply of daily necessities became more tense. The army also began to be unstable, and the reform process in the Soviet Union began to get out of control.

Gorbachev, who is too bookish, has laid a solid foundation for the old ideology and political system of the Soviet Union, but he can't give the Soviet Union a new ideology that unites people's hearts, nor can he give a practical prescription for establishing a new system for state reform. He left the reconstruction of ideology to various religions and extreme thoughts, and pinned the solution of the new system on political reform. Once known as the "bravest" reformer, Yeltsin, promoted by him and beaten by himself, seized the most important and largest Republic of the Soviet Union by the method of open election advocated by Gorbachev under the eyes of Gorbachev? The highest leadership of the Russian Federation. Reform and the country's out of control didn't wake him up, and so many books he read didn't bring any wisdom to the country at this difficult time. In desperation, he naively thought of the practicality of the title of "President". He believes that the position of "general secretary" is not suitable for leading a country, and only the president is the proper title of a country. He tried to regain control of the whole Soviet Union as president. So in 1990, he stumbled into the position of "President of the Soviet Union". To his surprise, but in the logic of his new thinking,1June, 990, according to the national policy and constitution of the Soviet Union, several major Soviet republics successively issued sovereignty declarations. Signs of the disintegration of the Soviet Union have begun to appear.

If compulsory measures are taken throughout the Soviet Union at this time, there may be a glimmer of hope for the Soviet Union. History often has no ifs, which is sad. Sadly, at this time, the Supreme Soviet * * * still has leisure to go to the seaside for a holiday, and he is enjoying the infinite happiness of a world power. In August, 2009, other CPSU members headed by Vice President yanayev who stayed in Moscow took drastic measures. A "state of emergency" was implemented and Gorbachev, who was on vacation on the Black Sea coast, was controlled. But what people who tried to save the Soviet Union from collapse didn't expect was that after years of Gorbachev's "reform" and fierce attacks on the Soviet Union and CPSU, the Soviet army had completely lost its trust in the Soviet Party and country, and its morale was in chaos. The army actually doesn't think it necessary to do anything to save the existing country. It seems that the coup was not smooth from the beginning. Yeltsin, one of the two most important figures controlled in the coup, left Moscow early and went to Almaty for a "visit". The "state of emergency" expired after only three days.

What is even more ridiculous is that Gorbachev, who experienced the crisis and was still in the highest position in the Soviet Union, was all false scholars. After being rescued from his vacation by the brave Yeltsin, he continued to naively want to share some scraps from Yeltsin's rice bowl, which holds the destiny of Russia. He is still discussing the so-called "alliance" with Yeltsin and other newly established "sovereign countries" in the former Soviet Union. For the sake of his "alliance", he announced the order to dissolve CPSU at Yeltsin's request, then announced the suspension of CPSU's activities throughout the Soviet Union, and instructed the Soviet Procuratorate to examine the leading organs of CPSU. In addition, they agreed that at an extraordinary moment, they and Yeltsin could "represent each other". Gorbachev did all this with only one purpose, that is, he just wanted his worthless so-called "Central Committee" not to be abolished, and his worthless Soviet presidency not to be abolished. At this time, his thinking was even more confused, and he even said that he almost lost power in the 8. 19 incident because of CPSU's betrayal. He didn't know that the little symbolic power he had was about to be completely cancelled by his "partner". This shows that Gorbachev is politically naive, politically numb and obsessed with power. It is really the sorrow of the Soviet people that such a scholar with no sense and judgment came to power. Then there appeared a very dramatic scene at the beginning of this article.

Second, Yeltsin, two qualities coexist: a clown and a scholar.

Yeltsin: 193 1 Born in the rural area of Daritsk District, Sverdlovsk region, Russia, Russian nationality. 1955 graduated from architecture department of ural institute of technology. After graduating from college, he was assigned to work in Ural Heavy Industry Pipeline Construction Company. 1959 as chief engineer. 196 1 year as director of Sverdlovsk urban construction. From 65438 to 0968, Yeltsin successively served as Minister of Construction and Secretary of the State Council. From 65438 to 0976, 44-year-old Jelchin was directly appointed by the Central Committee of CPSU and became the first secretary of the Sverdlovsk State Committee and a member of the Central Committee of CPSU. He was one of the youngest local leaders in the Soviet Union at that time.

Yeltsin's character is similar to Gorbachev's in many ways. First of all, he seems to have a strong sense of responsibility for the future and development of the country. He doesn't seem to be the kind of person who keeps his place. As an expert in engineering and technology, he held the leadership position of the Party at the local level for many years. Of course, he also saw various problems and difficulties of the Soviet Union in economy, politics and diplomacy. Yeltsin, like Gorbachev, is also a man with a strong desire to express himself and a scholar's habit. But unlike Gorbachev, Yeltsin's personality is as impatient and aggressive as many technocrats. In order to achieve his goal, he even dared to cross the rubicon on the issue of right and wrong, and dared to directly deny everything about CPSU, including the founder and his thoughts. This dual character of scholar and savage also led him to make repeated mistakes in decision-making, employing people and governing the country in the process of governing the Russian state. It can be said that Yeltsin was born in Gorbachev's soil. Without Gorbachev, Yeltsin might have become his first secretary in that remote place in Sverdlovsk, east of the Urals. He had worked in that position for nine years before he came to Moscow. The reason why the former General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union did not suddenly promote Yeltsin like Gorbachev may be because Yeltsin was only a technocrat and at most a secretary of the State Council. But history happened that he met Gorbachev, the general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU who had a certain personality with him. In the complicated world situation, he also has illusions, enthusiastically pursues things such as freedom, democracy and human rights that the West does not know, and lacks a correct judgment and grasp of the domestic and international situation.

1985, Gorbachev, the newly appointed general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, inspected Tyumen, an important oil industry town of the Soviet Union under Yeltsin's jurisdiction. As a highly skilled local bureaucrat, Yeltsin certainly accompanied him all the way. Gorbachev was deeply impressed by Yeltsin's accompanying inspection. Gorbachev felt that Jelchin, who dared to deny the CPSU line and had great personality and thought, was badly needed in his upcoming reform process. So in April of 1985, just one month after Gorbachev became the general secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU, Jelchin was transferred to Moscow as the Minister of Construction of the Soviet Union. He stayed in this position for less than five months. 1985 12 was promoted to secretary of the Central Secretariat of CPSU, alternate member of the Political Bureau and first secretary of Moscow Municipal Committee. Become a dazzling new star in Soviet politics.

After serving as the first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee, Yeltsin vigorously promoted Gorbachev's strategic plan and the reform route in Moscow, especially in advocating social democracy and opposing bureaucracy and political corruption. According to statistics, in his first few months in office, Yeltsin replaced 23 of the 33 district party committee secretaries in Moscow for various crimes. Yeltsin not only carried out unprecedented political reforms, but also showed the image of observing people's feelings all his life. He often goes deep into the grass roots, makes private visits anonymously, checks the food supply in the city, and understands people's dissatisfaction with corruption. He not only ordered the cancellation of Gao Qian franchise stores that had existed in the Soviet Union for many years, but also made his wife queue up to buy things like ordinary citizens. It's all true. For a time, Yeltsin became famous in Moscow. From these phenomena, we can see that Yeltsin and Gorbachev have very similar ideas and work styles.

In order to speed up the reform process, Yeltsin, as the first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee, used Moscow's news and public opinion tools to crack down on bureaucracy and corruption privileges, and put forward the slogan of "criticizing without restricted areas and opening without borders". He even publicly accused some people in the party of opposing reform in front of foreigners. Open the contradictions within the party to the public without scruple. What Yeltsin did, like Gorbachev, won the applause of the innocent masses in the Soviet Union, surprised the western anti-Soviet forces, and then applauded. It was Gorbachev and Jelchin, one in the Central Committee of CPSU and the other in the Moscow Municipal Committee, whose bold and unconventional reform actions caused great confusion in Soviet political circles. The existing political system of the Soviet Union suffered a heavy blow. The people's thoughts are confused and their beliefs are lost. All kinds of thoughts and ideologies spread rapidly in the land of the Soviet Union, especially the spread of various religions, which was completely out of control. Yeltsin's behavior was of course strongly condemned by the CPSU Central Committee and the Moscow Municipal Committee. Even Gorbachev, the general secretary of the Central Committee, was a little surprised, because Ye's radical remarks and actions exceeded his imagination. He felt that Yeltsin had the potential to usurp the host role in this wave of reform initiated by him. So the conflict between Gorbachev and Yeltsin finally broke out.

The cause of the incident is as follows:1In June, 1987, when discussing Gorbachev's speech commemorating the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution in the CPSU Politburo, other members of the Politburo agreed in principle to this manuscript, perhaps because of Gorbachev's painstaking efforts, which made him very satisfied, and some only made some comments on individual details. However, Yeltsin, who was in a good mental state, criticized the speech as if no one was watching, and put forward more than 20 suggestions for revision, including the basic evaluation of the 70-year history of the Soviet Union and the measures of the party's current reform policy. In Yeltsin's eyes, this manuscript should be reinvented, and the political system of the Soviet Union should be reconstructed on the basis of American politics. Through this incident, Yeltsin jumped out of the image of a warm-blooded young man who was very immature politically. Gorbachev's face finally hung up. Before that, it had been hinted to Gorbachev that Yeltsin was a dangerous careerist, and he was unpopular in the Central Committee and the Moscow Municipal Committee because of his excessive behavior in many aspects of his work. So at the end of 1987, Yeltsin was removed from the post of Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee, and became an irrelevant vice chairman of the State Construction Committee. Yeltsin's stepping down shows that his career in the Central Committee of CPSU has come to an end. However, due to his two-year working experience in Moscow, he has established a good impression in the minds of Moscow citizens and even the entire Soviet people, especially the radicals in the party, extremist ideological groups and some radicals in society, who think that he is a reformer, a bolder and better reformer than Gorbachev. This also laid the groundwork for his future comeback.

Interestingly, Gorbachev did not object to Yeltsin's thoughts and practices on reform, but hated Yeltsin's arrogant personality and momentum. Because Yeltsin's understanding of the nature of reform is not wrong, nor does he think that his political views are wrong, Gorbachev only has differences with Yeltsin on the progress of reform and the leading position of Moscow Municipal Committee in reform. Yeltsin believes that the reform should be faster and bolder, and the Moscow Municipal Committee should have greater independence in the leadership of the reform. This seems to make people feel that the two first secretaries are divided on the ownership of the reform results. On the surface, the reform has just begun, and its success is still unknown. The two men turned against each other for the ownership of the reform achievements in the future, just a conflict of character. But mature politicians know that this is not the essence. Americans' intuition in this respect is sharper and clearer than that of any other country. Many politicians in the United States feel that the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the decline of Russia are inevitable for those who appear to be arrogant, but in fact their childish diseases are getting worse and worse, but they are heading for the highest political stage.

After the heavy blow of being removed from office, Yeltsin's thoughts may have changed quietly. Whether the reform is successful or not, whether democracy is important or not, and not mentioning human rights issues are beyond his thinking scope. 1990, in the democratic election advocated by Gorbachev himself, Yeltsin participated in the election of the first Russian People's Congress and was elected as the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. Soon, he was elected as the first president of Russia. This is another extremely interesting thing: Yeltsin, who became his political enemy in the great division of state sovereignty directed by Gorbachev, unexpectedly seized the leadership of Russia, the largest and most important Soviet Republic. Yeltsin has completely got rid of Gorbachev's control, but he can control Gorbachev's behavior in many ways.

When Yeltsin gained the leadership of Russia, the "member" became his burden, so Yeltsin resolutely withdrew from CPSU, which had a shocking impact on the Soviet Union and the world. However, there is no sign of improvement in all aspects of the country. At that time, in the Soviet Union, ethnic conflicts in 15 participating republics intensified day by day, social and economic order was on the verge of collapse, prices soared, and life was extremely scarce. All the republics have issued sovereignty declarations, and the Soviet army is at a loss about this series of changes. For this situation, the Central Committee led by Gorbachev has basically lost control, and all the speeches and appeals have no effect at all. The appearance of this result surprised Gorbachev, who was knowledgeable and bookish.

After the "8. 19" incident, the Soviet Union actually existed in name only. Yeltsin felt that the time was ripe. After careful but foolish planning, he signed the Belovezh Agreement with Ukrainian President kravchuk and Belarusian Supreme Soviet Chairman Shushkevich, announcing that the Soviet Union no longer existed, forcing Soviet President Gorbachev to resign, and Yeltsin naturally entered Gorbachev's office and became the new owner of the Kremlin. Yeltsin finally got rich benefits in this chaotic reform farce, but he was like a farmer who lit a haystack to keep warm. He got hot and brilliant, but he didn't expect that it would also light the haystack behind him and ignite the whole mansion.

From the experience of Yeltsin entering Moscow from Sverdlovsk at the end of 1985 to entering the Kremlin at the end of 199 1, Yeltsin was not much different from Gorbachev, who was a scholar at first, but he was more challenging and adventurous than Gorbachev. What he did as the first secretary of Moscow Municipal Committee is almost the best practice of Gorbachev's thought. It's just that Yeltsin is bolder and more direct. It is precisely because of Gorbachev, a stupid scholar, that the Soviet Union fell into chaos from the beginning, and Yeltsin, a stupid scholar, gained the leadership of Russia in the chaos, which directly caused the great collapse and division of the Soviet Union. In the whole process, it seems that an invisible hand is manipulating this farce from beginning to end. Gorbachev and Yeltsin, the two protagonists in the play, performed the whole process of this farce so seriously and brilliantly. How perfect it looks, interlocking, without any link, it is almost impossible to achieve such a perfect ending. But from the perspective of national interests, this "perfection" is really a tragedy of the Soviet countries and all the Soviet people.

After entering the Kremlin, from 1992 to 1, Jelchin's bookish and childish faults were strongly exposed again. He is bent on building Russia into a highly democratic and prosperous country like the United States as soon as possible. When he popularized his panacea "shock therapy" throughout the country, he assured the people of China: "Grit your teeth and go through a painful and difficult transition. In the near future, Russia will politically form a federal system based on parliamentary democracy; Establish a highly developed free market system economically and still maintain the status of a world nuclear power militarily. " With these beautiful fantasies, he plunged into the embrace of the west and boldly hired a group of young people with western consciousness. However, young "economists" who blindly worship the West, such as Gaidar, Chubais and others who copied the West, and the effective remedy for the Russian economy "shock therapy" have pushed the already riddled country into greater chaos. The national economy is rapidly declining and the people are rapidly impoverished. Moreover, the economic aid promised by western countries has not been fulfilled. At the same time, Hass Blateau, speaker of the Russian Parliament and Lutskoi, deputy speaker, who were Ye's close friends, also suffered rights protection. At this point, the reform process of this great country, which is sandwiched between the East and the West, has completely deviated from the track expected by the reform promoters and turned into another farce of power struggle between vested interests. As the saying goes, it never rains but it pours What followed was an endless quarrel between the president and the parliament, which finally developed into a bloody conflict. Then the once invincible Russian army was defeated in the small Chechen counter-insurgency war. Then Yeltsin, as a democrat and reformer, won the trust of the Russian people. In order to keep the presidency, he did whatever it took to destroy his image. Then Yeltsin changed the prime minister five times in two years, setting a new Guinness World Record. On the last day of 1999, in desperation, Yeltsin simply took his bold personality to the extreme and surprised the world. He suddenly announced his resignation as president, and announced that Putin, the former Soviet secret police who had just served as prime minister for less than three months, was only 45 years old and served as acting president.

Putin: 1952 Born in Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Russian. 1975 After graduating from the law department of Leningrad University, he was assigned to work in the Foreign Intelligence Bureau of the Soviet National Security Council, and engaged in collecting intelligence for the West in the then GDR for many years. 1990 after the disintegration of the Soviet union, Putin returned to Leningrad with the rank of higher school. 1994 by him