The statue of General Zhu Rui in Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall was built on 199 1 year 1 1 month 2. Located 60 meters west of Liaoshen Battle Memorial Tower, it covers an area of 95 square meters. Designed by Professor He of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts. The whole body is granite, 8.4m long, 3.6m high and 2. 1m wide. The front of the cannon-car monument is inlaid with a 2.4-meter-high high-relief head of General Zhu Rui. The head is engraved with the words "General Zhu Rui" inscribed by Comrade Wu Xiuquan. The back of the monument is engraved with a brief introduction to General Zhu Rui's life. The three-step stone pedestal holds up the artillery monument, which is a grand symbol for the general to command the artillery units of the People's Liberation Army to overwhelm the enemy. The background of the general's head is chiseled with a large hole, which symbolizes the death of the general. Liaoshen Campaign was the first of the three decisive battles of China People's Liberation War in the middle of 20th century.
1in the autumn of 948, the Northeast Liberation War entered the stage of strategic decisive battle after three years of hard struggle. 12 September to 165438+ 10 February, with the cooperation of the North China People's Liberation Army, the Northeast People's Liberation Army fought unprecedented battles with the Kuomintang troops in western Liaoning, Shenyang and Changchun. The Liaoshen campaign lasted 52 days, wiped out more than 470,000 Kuomintang troops and liberated the whole Northeast. The victory of Liaoshen Campaign brought the revolutionary situation in China to a new turning point, thus accelerating the victory process of China Revolutionary War.
A series of policies formulated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China headed by Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission, such as establishing the Northeast base area and holding the Liaoshen Campaign, were the decisive factors for the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign. The Northeast People's Liberation Army has been growing and fighting bravely, and has made outstanding contributions to the victory of Liaoshen Campaign. Under the leadership of China, the people of Northeast China carried out land reform, production support and patriotic democratic movement, which made great contributions to the victory of Liaoshen Campaign. Revolutionary martyrs who died heroically for the victory of Liaoshen Campaign and the liberation of Northeast China, their fame and fame are as long as mountains and rivers, and shine with the sun and the moon. August 1945 to August 1948 was an important period of the Northeast Liberation War. The Northeast Liberation War experienced three stages: strategic retreat, strategic defense and strategic attack. The construction of northeast base areas has experienced three stages: initial establishment, basic completion and consolidation and development. The Northeast People's Liberation Army has grown from an initial population of 654.38+10,000 to more than 1 10,000 now. The economic and military strength of the Northeast Liberated Area has surpassed that of the Kuomintang army, which created favorable conditions for holding the Liaoshen Campaign.
The 52 days from1September 1948 12 to165438+1October 2 were the decisive period for the Northeast Liberation War to win the strategic decisive battle. According to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s operational policy on Liaoshen Campaign, the Northeast People's Liberation Army took the lead in launching Liaoshen Campaign in the northeast battlefield, which started the three strategic battles of the National Liberation War. After the conquest of Jinzhou, Changchun was peacefully liberated; Hold a battle in western Liaoning and panic in the Kuomintang army's westward advance corps; Conquered Shenyang and Yingkou, liberated the whole Northeast, annihilated more than 470,000 Kuomintang troops, and won a great victory in the Liaoshen Campaign. China's first panoramic painting-conquering Jinzhou. This is an unprecedented masterpiece in China's art history, and it has become one of the largest panoramic paintings in the world.
Panoramic painting is a comprehensive art form for museums to express important historical themes. It integrates painting, sculpture, sound, photoelectricity and other forms of expression, producing an "immersive" audio-visual effect, which truly and vividly reproduces a certain scene in history.
The panoramic photo library of "Conquering Jinzhou" is a cylindrical closed fortress building with a diameter of 42.24 meters and a height of 28 meters. The building structure is solid and the shape is solemn and generous. From the foundation to the 28-meter-high cylinder and the corner 18 pilaster, all reinforced concrete is used. The foundation is located under the strongly weathered rock, and the seismic design is based on 8 degree fortification. The roof is a long-span steel structure, and the central steel pipe is connected with 18 small square rigid frame and 18 double glass steel roof truss respectively. The roof is waterproof with anodized rust-proof aluminum tiles. All the external walls are inlaid with the most durable building materials-rough gray granite slabs. The parapet at the top of the wall is made into a wall-like stack to show the characteristics of military struggle in this museum. The circular stand is located in the center and can accommodate 150 people. The access to the stands is a spiral staircase with stairs inside and ramps outside, which is an important feature of barrier-free buildings for the elderly and the disabled to walk in wheelchairs. The walls on both sides of the stairs are inlaid with gray brocade bricks, and the ground is a strip-shaped non-slip floor. The museum is equipped with ventilation, air conditioning equipment and automatic sprinkler and smoke fire alarm equipment. Capture a panoramic view of Jinzhou, with a length of 122.22 m, a height of 16. 1 m, a total area of 1968 m2 and a weight of 4 tons.
Jinzhou panoramic painting is surrounded by the audience in the stands, a huge circular picture. This is a feature that panoramic painting is different from general painting forms. The distance between the stands and the picture 13 meters makes it impossible for the audience to distinguish the difference between the images in the plastic line on the ground and the images in the canvas, resulting in a broad field of vision, so that panoramic painting can obtain better visual effects. All paintings have edges, and they exist independently one by one, so that the audience can clearly realize that this is a painting. The huge circular pictures of Jinzhou Panorama are connected end to end, and the edges are cleverly covered in various ways, combined with the ground modeling. This makes the audience feel that they are not facing a painting, but a real landscape with a vast space. This is an important artistic means and unique artistic charm of panoramic painting.
Artists use realistic creative methods and highly realistic oil painting skills to organize the grand war scene of conquering Jinzhou into a circular picture. This multi-viewpoint composition is well arranged, and mountains, rivers, buildings and battles are vividly portrayed. Artists use the perspective principle of painting to create an open space and skillfully use rich, changeable and unified colors to create a huge space environment that conforms to the season, time and battlefield atmosphere. It accurately shows the tone atmosphere of Jinzhou area in late autumn, and the color changes of the ground, houses, hillsides and sky in different directions under the sunshine in a specific time. At the same time, the artist uses the perspective of color to push the spatial level away, thus making the picture have a touching sense of space. The scale changes of various objects in different positions and the reasonable scale arrangement of ground objects make the audience feel this open space image strongly. It is very powerful to overcome the overall color change and local image depiction of Jinzhou panoramic painting. From near to far, from sunlight to backlight, the painting techniques are extremely clear and powerful. In particular, people close to the audience used rough and powerful brushstrokes and strong contrast between light and shade to create a shocking artistic effect. Ground modeling is an important part of Jinzhou panoramic painting, with a total area of 1000 square meters. The ground modeling of Jinzhou panoramic painting, with one end connected to the bracket and the other end connected to the picture, is exquisitely made and cleverly conceived. The terrain, landforms, fortifications and weapons on the ground modeling are all reduced in a certain proportion and made extremely realistic. Wooden bridges, artillery positions, trenches, ruins, paths, sorghum shapes and pictures each account for half, cleverly connected and integrated, and visually true and false. Let the audience feel that they are standing on the battlefield of that year and strengthen their appeal. Ground modeling is a unique artistic means of panoramic painting. Overcome the ground modeling of Jinzhou panoramic painting, support 260 round steel pipes, lay angle steel, steel plate and steel mesh on them, and then make concrete ground image with gypsum, which is durable, fireproof, anticorrosive and insect-proof.
Lighting and acoustics are important means to enhance the expressive force of panoramic painting. There are 365,438+08 fluorescent lamps evenly arranged in the umbrella shed to capture the panoramic painting of Jinzhou, and at the same time, 60 high-definition sodium lamps are matched to form the color temperature equivalent to the sunshine at about two o'clock in late autumn in Jinzhou. Under the well-designed lighting, the light in the sky and the ground is extremely uniform and bright. Because of the reflection of light on the canvas, the audience feels that the sky is the real sky. Modern stereo technology is also used to shoot Jinzhou Panoramic Museum, synthesizing the sound of understanding and expressing war. When enjoying the panoramic painting, the audience can hear the explanation sound, explosion sound, shouting and killing sound and motor roar coming from the same direction as the image of the picture at the same time, which makes the panoramic painting present a more intense fighting atmosphere. The capture of Jinzhou panorama, with its unique artistic means, vividly, vividly and truly reproduces the key battles in the middle of Liaoshen Campaign 1948 10, and captures the fierce battle in Jinzhou. A thrilling battle scene, a thrilling heroic feat.
Jinzhou is the throat of communication between Northeast China and Shanhaiguan, and its strategic position is extremely important. 1On September 7, 948, the Central Military Commission instructed the Northeast Field Army to establish its determination to fight an unprecedented war of annihilation, concentrate its main force on conquering Jinzhou, block the enemy in the Northeast and annihilate it. The Northeast Field Army carried out the operational policy of the Central Military Commission. In view of Chiang Kai-shek's strategic attempt to "defend the defensive and wait for help", he adopted the strategic deployment of "attacking Jin and fighting for help" and concentrated 250 thousand troops to besiege Jinzhou. On the north side of the painting, the 2nd and 3rd columns of the 6th column of our North Assault Group and17th Division, the main artillery force, are blocking the enemy airport, attacking the synthetic fuel plant, conquering the water distribution tank and Liangjiashan, and breaking through the north wall. It highlights the battle scenes such as Liang Shiying, the blasting hero, giving his life to blow up the bunker, Zhao Xingyuan leading soldiers to fight bloody battles to destroy the enemy's "second Verdun", Li Shigui, the platoon leader, taking the lead in climbing the city wall with a sharp knife, and many former cadres carrying stretchers to save the wounded in the rain of bullets.
On the south side of the painting, with the cooperation of the First Artillery Division, the 7th, 9th and 8th columns of the South and East Assault Groups raided from south to north and from east to west, and captured enemy strongholds such as Hanwang Dianshan, Laoyeling Mountain and Zijing Mountain. The sharp knife company and the assault company seized the breakthrough and quickly broke through the Xiaoling River wall. Wave after wave, one by one, the image of a warrior with "four vertical red flags", one by one, rushed into the city, intrepidly infiltrated into the depth, attacked the enemy's defensive strongholds, fought with the enemy in the streets, captured the enemy's Sixth Corps headquarters and the Northeast "suppression general" Jinzhou command post, and annihilated the remnants of the old city, which was fully reflected in the painting. The panorama reproduces the battle process of Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign, in which after 3 1 hour of fierce fighting, 65,438+10,000 Jinzhou troops were on the defensive, conquered Jinzhou, a strategic place, and won a key victory.
Panoramic gallery is a comprehensive and huge project. Only architectural art, ground plastic production art, highly realistic oil painting art and reasonable lighting and sound can produce a complete artistic effect of panoramic painting. The capture of Jinzhou panoramic painting is comparable to the scale of large-scale panoramic painting in the world, and it also integrates high-level modern technologies such as architectural art, painting art, plastic arts, lighting, sound and so on. In the overall design, modern science and technology and various arts are integrated and coordinated. With a high sense of political responsibility and historical responsibility, the military experts, artists and technicians who participated in the creation, after three years of full cooperation, repeated experiments, constantly summing up experience, and constantly improving and perfecting, finally successfully built the Jinzhou Panorama Museum. Therefore, it fills a gap in China's museums and fine arts.