Baidu's comprehensive strength in the field of autonomous driving has once again been recognized.

Today (March 2), Beijing Intelligent Vehicle Association Industrial Innovation Center, a third-party service organization for road testing of self-driving vehicles in Beijing, officially released the Report on Road Testing of Self-driving Vehicles in Beijing (20 19) (hereinafter referred to as the Report).

As the only official self-driving road test report in China at present, the report discloses the self-driving road test carried out by 13 enterprises in Beijing in the past year. By the end of 2065,438+09, enterprises had driven 73 vehicles with effective road test, with a total test mileage exceeding 654,38+00,400 km, reaching 886,600 km in 2065,438+09.

Among them, there are 52 Baidu Apollo road test vehicles, accounting for 7 1% of the total number of self-driving test vehicles in Beijing. In 2065,438+09, the test mileage reached 754,000 kilometers, and the cumulative test mileage was 893,900 kilometers, accounting for 85% of the total test mileage in Beijing. Become the enterprise with the largest number of test vehicles and the largest test mileage among all test enterprises in the year.

This is the second time that Baidu's North American autopilot team has been recognized by professional organizations after reaching the summit in the "20 19 Autopilot Takeover Report" issued by DMV.

However, after DMV announced the ranking of autonomous driving, many companies questioned it. Waymo publicly expressed its opposition to the data requirements and competency standards of this official report.

The main reason is that the DMV report only shows the autonomous driving company's ability to test the total mileage and MPI, but can't synthesize the autonomous driving ability.

In addition, DMV does not clearly define what separation is, so these figures are of little significance. For example, in a flat, dry area with no cars, no people and no intersections, the number of disengagement is 6,543.8+billion miles, which cannot be compared with that in a city with complicated road conditions like Pittsburgh.

It can be seen that the data published by DMV is of limited value, and it is unrealistic to understand the autonomous driving industry in depth only by relying on the data published by DMV of California Vehicle Administration. At present, with the autonomous driving industry entering a new stage of development, multi-dimensional indicators such as ecology, technical ability, landing process and safety have become the core factors to consider the competitiveness of autonomous driving enterprises.

The Beijing Road Test Report for Self-driving Vehicles (20 19) released by Beijing has made many innovations in testing, which is a good supplement to the 20 19 Automatic Driving Takeover Report released by DMV.

Beijing is one of the earliest areas in China to establish test standards and regulations for self-driving roads and issue test licenses. It has constructed a strict test flow from the closed test site to the open test area, and introduced the policy of manned and full-load test with the highest safety threshold.

First of all, in terms of policy innovation, 13, 16 In February, the Beijing Joint Working Group on Self-driving Test Management released the third edition of the Implementation Rules for Road Testing of Self-driving Vehicles in Beijing.

The new report points out that extending the validity period of road test of self-driving vehicles and extending the number of renewal times from 1 to three times will support large-scale test of self-driving vehicles, reduce the test cost of enterprises and encourage enterprises to explore the commercialization mode of self-driving vehicles. Enrich the test content, increase manned, loaded and formation driving tests, and allow enterprises to adopt real vehicle test or test evaluation mode combining real vehicle with simulation to optimize the market.

Secondly, in terms of test standards and test environment, Beijing's first highest-level (T5-level) closed test site was determined, which supported higher-level test requirements, opened more test roads, supported more actual scene test requirements, increased the deployment scale of V2X equipment, supported the demand of vehicle-road collaborative test, added and updated the demand of self-driving public road selection, included the demand of open test area selection, studied the technical requirements of road test data collection for self-driving vehicles, and participated in the research of communication protocols related to vehicle networking.

Judging from the report released in Beijing, compared with the DMV report, it is more innovative and the test standard is more perfect. It can be said that Beijing road test report is more credible and influential than American DMV test standard.

As the champion of both Beijing Report and American DMV Report, from the two reports, Baidu's test focus is on China, and Baidu's autonomous driving ability may have far exceeded the test standard of DMV.

In terms of mass production of self-driving cars, the report shows that among all the vehicles participating in the test, Hongqi E produced by Baidu and FAW has been tested in Beijing. This model has entered the stage of small-scale mass production in sensor layout, equipment selection and vehicle layout, and is the most professional and integrated test model in the closed test site at present.

Based on this, the report believes that the proportion of main lidar using less than 40 lines has increased from 50% last year to 73% this year. Judging from the current trend, with the continuous innovation and development of technology, the dependence of test subjects on high-speed laser radar has gradually decreased, and gradually began to develop in the direction of low cost, mass production and landing.

In the basic performance test of perception, the report test data shows that the maximum cognitive distance of autonomous vehicles is not only affected by their own sensor performance and fusion algorithm, but also by the size, height, color, material and motion state of the target.

The data show that, theoretically, the safe parking time of small and medium-sized vehicles at 48 km/h is about 3 seconds and the distance is 40 meters.

On 20 19, the automatic driving scheme of taking part in the perception test at the closed test center basically adopts the scheme of camera+millimeter wave radar+laser radar, and the adult distance in front of the stable cognitive simulation is more than 50m, so the reaction and processing time will be nearly 1 second longer, which effectively avoids collision and is more friendly to protecting the safety of traffic vulnerable groups.

As for the reliability test of autonomous driving, according to the Administrative Rules for Road Testing of Self-driving Vehicles in Beijing (Trial), self-driving vehicles need to complete the autonomous driving test with a cumulative distance of not less than 5,000 kilometers in a closed test site.

By the end of 20 19, the cumulative test mileage of Beijing closed test site exceeded133,600 km, and there were collision accidents 16 (except for special tests such as collision and dangerous scenes), with an accident rate of about 8,350 km each time, including 6 accidents against kerbs, 6 accidents against traffic facilities, 2 accidents against street trees and 2 accidents against street trees. There were 34 software and hardware failures (not counting quick repairable failures), and the failure rate was about 3929 kilometers each time.

It is worth mentioning that Baidu Apollo, as the company with the most test mileage, has zero security incidents so far.

In terms of open road test, by the end of 20 19, the mileage of road test in Beijing has exceeded 1 0,040 and 22 1 km, with a year-on-year increase of 577%.

Among them, Baidu Apollo ranked first? The test mileage in 20 19 years reached 754,000 kilometers. Combined with 20 18 years193,300 kilometers, the cumulative test mileage reached 893,900 kilometers, accounting for 85% of the total test mileage in Beijing.

This data far exceeds the second-ranked Ma Xiao Zhixing (cumulative test mileage12.130,000 km), and the cumulative test mileage is seven times that of Ma Xiao Zhixing.

Judging from the geographical coverage of test objects, large-scale test enterprises have a wider coverage, and from the technical route, only a few test objects have carried out the network connection function test at present.

Judging from the test intention, the test subjects are more inclined to test on the road of R3, and some test subjects begin to enter the more complicated road of R4 after obtaining the T4 license.

In 20 19 years, the open road mileage of R 1, R2, R3 and R4 accounted for 14%, 18%, 63% and 5% respectively, and the road test mileage accounted for 8%, 5%, 86% and/kloc-respectively.

According to the report, Baidu is the only testing enterprise in Beijing that has realized Beijing Economic Development Zone, Haidian District and Shunyi District. , and achieved the coverage of all sections of R 1-R4 and RX (equipped with V2X equipment to support vehicle-road collaborative testing).

The report also analyzes the reasons for the separation of self-driving cars. According to the test data, 86% of the separation is caused by manual takeover, which is caused by the tester replacing the data recording equipment, re-planning the path or personal reasons.

Among them, 14% breakout is due to strategic defects, man-made security defense and system failure, and the value of these breakout is much higher than that of man-made takeover breakout.

From the perspective of category separation and reasons, in addition to sensors, vehicles or data recording equipment, map labeling and map loading, the game with social vehicles, the understanding of complex scenes and the ability to deal with some emergencies are still important issues to be solved urgently in autonomous driving.

Undoubtedly, as the world's largest autonomous driving platform, Baidu Apollo's road test in Beijing is far ahead of the industry in terms of test scale, technical level, scene coverage, product capability and safety level.

In addition, compared with other companies, Baidu also obtained ISO? Aspis? 、IATF？ 16949? And the T4 road test certificate with the highest technical level in China and other industry certifications.

In 2020, with Baidu Q4 financial report announcing the further acceleration of Apollo commercialization, and Shi Yu Technology, Ma Xiao Zhixing and other autonomous driving startups announcing financing plans, autonomous driving technology is welcoming a new round of changes.

Of course, China's autonomous driving technology can stand in the leading position in the world. In addition to excellent ability, it also depends on the support of policies and testing institutions.

As the first autonomous driving test area in China and the first pilot area of vehicle networking and autonomous driving map application, as of 20 19 12 3 1, Beijing has opened four autonomous driving test roads in four districts and counties, totaling 15 1, totaling 503.68 kilometers. Covering 6 Internet companies, 6 OEM companies, 1 map manufacturer and 77 vehicles, 285 road test licenses were issued, and the road test mileage was 6.5438+0.04 million kilometers, ranking first in the country in terms of the number of applicants, the number of licenses issued and the road test mileage.

It can be expected that with Beijing's continuous leadership in terms of open test roads, areas, service scale, test licenses and test mileage, Beijing Test will become the driving force of global autonomous driving technology and promote the application of autonomous driving technology with "China characteristics".

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.