Coastal distribution, ancient civilizations in Asian basins, etc. , are all historical evidence.
2. In the early stage of urban development, rivers and seas are not only defensive barriers, but also channels for transportation, industry and commerce, trade and service industries, and towns along rivers, lakes and seas gradually develop into big cities.
3. Through the analysis of the layout of Chinese and foreign cities, it can be concluded that the role of water bodies in urban development can be divided into three categories: (1) The rise of cities depends on rivers, which cross the developing metropolis and become the main axis of cities. (2) Develop coastal bays or estuaries where rivers and oceans meet.
This city. (3) Lakeside city.
4. Through the examples of three foreign cities and ancient and modern cities in China, it is concluded that water has the following functions in urban development: landscape function, water source and water body vitality function, communication and transportation function, entertainment and sports function, and ecological environment cultivation and renewal function.
As well as the cultural and historical origin and continuation function.
Royalty, commerce and industry are the three major factors in the history of the emergence and development of cities, and they correspondingly construct three stages of urban development.
First of all, the role of kingship in the birth of cities.
Fundamentally speaking, a city is the product of the development of productive forces and social progress, but in the concrete process of its long-term agglomeration, formation and shaping in a certain direction, it is always controlled by some specific forces.
In the initial stage and development process, the city experienced a stage dominated by royal power and presented a special rational form. Its organizational model is mainly to meet the interests of the ruling class, so it runs through their will. As the most important parameter, kingship plays an irreplaceable role in the emergence of cities. Its intervention triggered the cell division of ancient villages and produced a new living organism-city, which, like genes, dominated the growth process, function and morphological characteristics of urban organisms and constituted the first starting step of the city.
Second, the contribution of business to urban progress.
The changes brought by business to the city are enormous and profound. Its freedom and prosperity have nurtured a group of wealthy businessmen and made them form alliances under common interests. Gradually, this free and voluntary merchant association has evolved into a perfect self-sufficient organization that can exist independently of the permanent institutions of feudal countries, which is not available in classical cities. With the growth of power, they first shared power in the form of wealth, and then demanded power from the current rulers in politics, military affairs, religion and justice.
As a revolutionary factor, commerce permeates the city in an all-round way, first denying and dissolving the old system of the city, and then reorganizing it on the basis of new principles. In terms of nature, the city has undergone fundamental changes, from a political center to an economic center, from a ruling tool of a few people to a place where the masses seek money and profit. Foreign relations have changed from closed confrontation to open communication, and the characteristics of internal order have changed from pursuing eternal static form to pursuing utilitarian dynamic operation and metabolism.
Before the industrial revolution brought new impetus to the city in the19th century, commerce played a leading role in the city stage for about 200 years. This is the second step of urban development.
Third, the influence of industry on urbanization.
/kloc-after the British industrial revolution in the middle of the 0/8th century, the economy and even the social structure have undergone earth-shaking changes due to this industrial revolution. Countries all over the world began to change from the traditional rural society dominated by agriculture to the modern urban society dominated by industry and service industry. Urbanization and urbanization process have proved the relationship between industrial revolution and urbanization development.
The rapid development of industrial revolution requires all aspects of society to meet its development, thus providing material and technical basis and other necessary conditions for the development of urbanization and promoting urbanization; At the same time, urbanization and industrial revolution are closely related and develop in parallel.
After the industrial revolution, the industrial structure has changed. The industrial revolution has promoted the development of commodity exchange, and at the same time it is conducive to the expansion and concentration of the market. The frequent exchange of goods makes the existence of cities meaningful. At the same time, industrial production is highly specialized, and workers must complete the specified tasks within a fixed time. Under the great pressure of work, people are eager to relax, and there is a service industry in the city, which is what we often say now.
The industrial revolution has changed the traditional urban distribution pattern, and a large number of emerging industrial cities have emerged. The wide application of machines not only expanded the scale of factories, but also expanded the scope of towns and cities, and gradually developed into big cities. A large number of surplus labor left by agricultural development poured into cities, adding new blood to the rise and development of cities.