Adolf Hitler served in the Bavarian Infantry Regiment during World War I and was awarded the iron cross 1st class Medal. Germany's defeat in World War I prompted him to devote himself to politics. 19 19 joined the german national socialist workers' party, 192 1 became the leader of the Nazi party, 1933 was appointed chancellor of Germany, and 1934 became the head of state of Germany. During World War II, he was also the supreme commander of the German armed forces. He is also recognized as an outstanding speaker, politician, strategist, psychologist, architect and painter. 1933 was appointed chancellor of Germany; 1934 became the head of state of Germany. During World War II, he was also the supreme commander of the German armed forces. German Chancellor, German head of state, leader of the German Nazi Party, and Supreme Commander of the German Armed Forces. World War II is the core figure of genocide policy, and the main initiator of German imperialism, Germanic nationalism, Aryan racism, anti-Semitism, anti-capitalism and anti-communism.
Adolf Hitler's family background is very chaotic and complicated. The origin of the name Hitler should be said by his grandfather. The ancestor of the future German head of state lives in Val Vertel, a county town between the Austrian Danube and the borders of Bohemia and Moravia. This is a hilly area with dense forests and the hinterland of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It's like close relatives of Czech farmers get married, and then Adolf Hitler's parents are. There are many illegitimate children. Adolf Hitler's grandfather's real name was John Georg Shidla, and Hitler's surname was changed from Adolf Hitler's grandfather's original surname, Shidla Schindler. Adolf's father took his mother's surname, because Adolf's father Alois Chytra was also an illegitimate child. He was born on1June 7th, 837. Before the age of 39, he used his mother's surname, Schell gruber, so the name alois Schell gruber accompanied Adolf's father for most of his life. Although there is no evidence to prove that John Georg Shidla is the father of alois Schell gruber, John Georg Shidla appeared in Waldvettel and Vitner town after 30 years of disappearance, and acknowledged the father-son relationship in notarization. At this time, their surnames.
Hitler's father, alois, was a customs official in the border town of Braunau, the illegitimate son of a 42-year-old peasant woman and a vagrant grinder. Adolf's mother is Adolf's father's niece. Alois was 48 when she got married, and the bride just turned 25. This is alois's third marriage. He had two unhappy marriages before. Adolf is the fourth child of his marriage. It may also be that this extremely strange birth and blood relationship in the eyes of the world created Hitler's distinctive temperament and character.
Hitler only had a four-year middle school certificate, so he could not apply for an architecture school (architecture school requires candidates to graduate from high school in six years). He didn't write home, nor did he go home. Instead, I stayed alone in Vienna, closed the door, buried myself in books, listened to operas or wandered around the street blankly. He didn't return to Linz until 10 ended. At this time, Clara, the mother with breast cancer, was dying. 65438+February 2 1, his mother finally passed away. After his mother died, Hitler was faced with the problem of trying to make a living. Although he is completely independent, he has no skills. He has always despised manual labor and never thought of earning a penny by himself. However, he is not discouraged, but still full of confidence. He bid farewell to his relatives and announced that if he failed, he would never return to his hometown.
1908 February, Hitler returned to Vienna. 1909 On Christmas Eve, poor Hitler pawned his last winter coat and lived in a homeless shelter. But soon, at the instigation of a friend, Hitler moved into a cheap single apartment. He painted some big watercolors for his friends to sell, which sold well. He lives a carefree life with the money earned by painting these paintings and the orphan's fee that he can continue to receive.
During this period, Hitler often read pamphlets advocating extreme nationalism and extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism. Hitler also observed the activities of various political parties in Austria. He paid special attention to reading the newspapers and periodicals of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, analyzing its remarks and summing up experience. After repeated deliberation, he finally came to the conclusion that political parties must combine with mass movements and master the art of propaganda among the masses, otherwise they will accomplish nothing.
19 13 in may, Hitler, who was full of enthusiasm for the great german nation, especially focused on Schopenhauer's theory of will. 19 14 World War I broke out. 1 August, the Kaiser declared war on Russia. On August 3, Hitler immediately wrote to King Ludwig III of Bavaria, pleading with the king to allow him to join the Bavarian army. On August 4th, Hitler was allowed to join the Bavarian Infantry Regiment 16 as a volunteer, and became an army corporal, and served as the head of the regiment.
On June 9, the German government was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. The peace treaty only allows Germany to maintain a standing army of 654.38 million people, so the authorities attach great importance to the loyalty and reliability of the army and set up some special committees to undertake special missions, report possible political subversive activities in the army and monitor workers' organizations. Adolf Hitler was one of the first soldiers selected to carry out this "reconnaissance" mission. Before starting their mission, Hitler and his comrades-in-arms were sent to a special training class at the University of Munich for training. The teacher found that Hitler was an attentive and eloquent student, so he drew Hitler's superiors' attention to this. In this way, Hitler was soon sent to a group in Munich to give a speech and preach the struggle against dangerous ideas such as pacifism, socialism and democracy. This was an important turning point for Hitler. It was the first time that he was recognized in the political field he wanted to enter, and he himself found that what he had-being good at speaking-was confirmed at once.
19 19 In September, Hitler received an order from the Army Political Department to investigate a small political group calling itself the "German Workers' Party". In this way, Hitler first met this only 54 party member's party agents. After Hitler joined the Workers' Party, his speech content, language talent and eloquent arguments quickly attracted a large number of followers. Impressed by him, the party chairman pushed his way through the crowd and appointed Hitler as the "Minister of Propaganda".
On March 3, 1990, Kloc-0, Hitler was expelled from the army. Since then, Hitler has devoted all his energy to the work of the Party. He planned the logo of party flag and the Party, with black, white and red as the background color in party flag, and the logo was swastika. The nationalist symbols and symbols organized by Hitler, as well as the militarized style, immediately attracted the strong demands of ordinary citizens.
In the early days of Weimar Republic, the economy was very difficult. After accepting the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to pay huge reparations. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, the contradiction between Bavaria and the central government in Berlin intensified, and Hitler was determined to take advantage of this contradiction. He asked the Bavarian state government to March on Berlin before Berlin attacked Munich. Hitler thought the timing was in his favor. He insisted on following the example of Italian dictator Mussolini's "March into Rome" to seize power a year ago, and began to plan "March into Berlin" to establish an autocratic regime in which he personally exercised dictatorship. However, the head of the Bavarian government was indecisive and had no intention of acting according to Hitler's wishes. 1923165438+1On the evening of October 8, the three giants of Bavarian state government and other important officials held a rally in Bigblatkeller beer shop in the southern suburbs of Munich. Hitler took the opportunity to lead his 600 stormtroopers, forcibly rushed into the meeting place and fired a shot at the ceiling first. Then Hitler, surrounded by Goering, Hess and others, boarded the platform and shouted: "The national revolution has begun, and now the hall is surrounded. No one can leave without authorization! " "Now that the Bavarian government has collapsed, I will be the leader of Germany from now on!" But Hitler's attempt to raid and hijack Bavaria ended in failure. However, Hitler did not give up. The next day, he discussed countermeasures with ludendorff, the German chief of staff who was forced to participate in it during World War I and was bent on establishing a military dictatorship. He decided to hold a demonstration in Munich to expand publicity and arouse the support of soldiers and residents. So Hitler, together with ludendorff, led a team of more than 2,000 people from the beer hall to Munich. However, they were immediately suppressed by the police. 16 Nazi was killed and Hitler fled the scene, but11was arrested and imprisoned in 10/0, and then the state government ordered the Nazi party to be banned and the Nazi party newspaper closed. At this point, Hitler's painstaking attempt to seize power by "marching into Berlin" failed.
Hitler's coup failed, but he gained a propaganda capital for himself and his party from this failure. Because the Chief Justice had no principled difference with Hitler on the idea of "nationalism", Hitler was finally sentenced to five years in prison. In fact, Hitler was pardoned only eight months after serving his sentence in prison, and he was not deported. During his eight months in prison, Hitler dictated his book Mein Kampf to rudolf hess. This book comprehensively collects nationalism, imperialism, racism, anti-Semitism and anti-democratic thoughts. Anti-Semitism is a main thread throughout the book. He believes that Jews and Slavs are inferior races, while Aryans are superior races, so they have the right to conquer and rule other races. Another idea of this book is to advocate revenge. Hitler declared that he must tear up the Treaty of Versailles and settle accounts with France, the sworn enemy of the German people.
Hitler realized his own truth from the failure of the riot in the beer hall: that is, the rulers on the stage cannot be deprived of their power through a coup. On the contrary, they can only gain political power by cooperating with them, and they should make full use of all legal conditions provided by the Constitution of the Republic to seize political power and eradicate the Republic. So, 192510.4, after he got out of prison, he visited the Bavarian Prime Minister, admitted that the coup in 1923 was a mistake, and promised to abide by the law in the future. The prime minister then got the impression that this fierce beast has now been "tamed" and people can relax their tight strings. In this way, in February, the Bavarian government lifted the ban on the Nazi Party and its organ newspaper People's Observer. On February 26th, People's Observer was officially reissued. On February 27th, the Nazi Party was formally rebuilt, and Hitler gained the position of dictator, but he was forbidden to speak in public.
During the period of 1930- 1933, Weimar Republic had to be governed by the so-called "presidential cabinet", and the economic crisis aggravated the contradictions among all social strata. The people are extremely dissatisfied with the government of Weimar Republic and strongly demand the establishment of a new government to save the German nation, bring stability to society and bring happiness to the people. Under this social background, on the one hand, Hitler made more powerful propaganda on national socialism and made generous promises to people of all walks of life in line with their wishes. On the one hand, through the Nazi party's propaganda machine, it declared that the party was not a class party, but a "mass party" and launched an offensive to please the middle and lower classes in order to win their support. Hitler finally193365438+1October 30th ascended the throne of the prime minister through the "back door" transaction. Since then, the Weimar Republic officially perished and the Third Reich was born.
In order to thoroughly crack down on the forces against them, especially the most staunch Nazi, the Nazis concocted the arson case of the Parliament Building on February 27th, which shocked both at home and abroad, and blamed it on the Germans, which set off an unprecedented anti-communist wave in China, resulting in the complete destruction of the institutions of the German Communist Party, and thousands of German Communist Party cadres were arrested and forced to go underground.
Hindenburg, an old man, died on August 1934. This provided Hitler with an excellent opportunity to finally concentrate power in his own hands. Hitler immediately promulgated a law to combine the two positions of president and prime minister, and asked the army, judges and officials to swear allegiance to him personally. As the head of state and prime minister, he has now become the sole ruler of state power, integrating all political and social institutions except the army and the church.
Since 1933, the German Nazi Party has been under dictatorship, and then gradually developed large-scale anti-Semitic actions. In the same year, the Nazi German government stripped all Jewish civil servants of their posts, and purged those Jewish members who were considered inferior from the army, police and judicial organs. 1935 The Nuremberg Act defines "Jew"-all Germans with more than one Jewish grandparent will be regarded as "Jews".
1934 At the end of September, Hitler issued a secret rearmament order, and by the spring of 1935, he publicly announced his plan to expand the national defense force from 654.38+million to 300,000. This is a flagrant violation of the Treaty of Versailles, which immediately aroused strong reaction from western countries. France, Britain and Italy all protested and reached an agreement on common defense, but everything just stayed on paper and was never implemented. On the contrary, there is conspiracy and timidity behind it. In particular, Britain changed its mind halfway and signed a naval agreement with Germany. This is also the beginning of British appeasement policy.
So,1on March 7, 936, Hitler brazenly announced the abolition of the Locarno Convention, regardless of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, and sent 30,000 German troops into the demilitarized zone of the Rhine River to set up fortifications along the western border of Germany. 1936165438+10, Germany and Japan concluded an anti-communist international agreement, and Italy joined this agreement in September. In this way, Germany, Italy and Japan formally formed a fascist group, and the axis of the three countries was formally formed.
On March 1938, 1 1, Hitler used both hard and soft methods to occupy Austria with the help of Austrian pro-Germans and Nazis, and took the first step of his aggression and expansion in Central Europe. Britain and France just let Hitler's actions go. France has never said that Britain protested only through its ambassador to Germany. The Soviet government issued a statement condemning it and called for an international conference to discuss measures to stop German aggression, but it was rejected by western countries.
After the annexation of Austria, Hitler planned to operate on Czechoslovakia. In view of the unwillingness of Britain, France and other countries to take the risk of war for Czechoslovakia, he used the Soviet, German and Taiwanese trained by the Nazi Party as pawns to occupy Czechoslovakia, and adopted the infamous Munich Agreement signed by the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Italy from September 30, 65438 to September 29, 0938. Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to avoid the outbreak of war and signed the Munich Agreement, which was a policy of appeasement. The Sudetenland was occupied by Germany without firing a shot. 1939 In March, Hitler tore up the Munich Agreement and occupied the whole territory of Czechoslovakia without bloodshed. Britain and France did not take any significant measures against Hitler's behavior except to make oral protests.
After Hitler succeeded in Austria and Czechoslovakia, he immediately extended his hand to Poland, demanding that Poland return Danzig and provide land corridor to East Prussia with extraterritorial jurisdiction. Poland resolutely rejected Hitler's unreasonable demands. Hitler was afraid of Poland's intransigence, that Britain and France declared Poland's independence, and that they were negotiating with the Soviet Union and might form an alliance. Therefore, he also secretly sent representatives to negotiate with the Soviet Union. In view of the lack of sincerity in the negotiations between Britain and France, the Soviet Union secretly wooed Germany and continued to pursue the policy of appeasement. At the same time, for its own national interests, it took advantage of the contradictions between imperialist countries, and finally 1939 signed a non-aggression treaty with Nazi Germany on August 23. Hitler thus eliminated the fear of two-front war!
Hitler realized that he had no worries, so in September of 1939, 1, he finally realized his plan to attack Poland with "blitzkrieg" a few months ago. On the night of August 3 1, 1939, the Germans wore Polish military uniforms and approached a small town in Grewitz near the Polish border. After successfully occupying the town, the Germans deliberately destroyed the radio station in the town and fired into the air. Later, the German people who were listening to the radio program heard a voice with a Polish accent announcing: "Polish people! The war between Poland and Germany is about to begin, unite, defeat the Germans, and attack all Germans who oppose our war! " The speaker was a prisoner who was forced to wear a Polish military uniform by the Nazis. Then he was killed by the SS. This is a plot of "Polish invasion" directed by Gestapo leader Hedley himself.
The next morning 10, Hitler announced to Germany that Germany had been invaded by Poland and Germany was forced to fight back. In fact, before Hitler announced it, Germany had already launched a blitzkrieg against Poland. Subsequently, Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany, and World War II broke out.