(10) (1) (5) A guest visited Pei Hui and went to visit (or translated as "visit") Pei Xiu after coming out, but Pei Xiu's biological mother (born) was humble (or translated as "concubine") and her first mother, Xuan Shi, could not treat her politely (or translated as "concubine"). (Translation gives 2 points to the general idea, and each translation is 1 point. (2)(5 points) Emperor Wu was worried that he could not be made an heir, so he asked Pei Xiu, "Does a person have a face?" (or "Do some people have distinctive looks?" ) Show him a strange face (or "Show Pei Xiu a strange face") (2 points for translation, 65438+ 0 point for each translation)

2. Classical Chinese translation of "The Biography of the Book of Jin Xun Xu" Xunzi Gongzeng, Yinying, Yingchuan County, was the great-grandson of Sikong Xunshuang in the Han Dynasty. My father died when he was very young. Xun Xu pinned his trust on his uncle's house. Smart and precocious at an early age, you can write articles in your teens. From his grandfather Wei Taifu Zhong You, he said, "This child will catch up with his great-grandfather in the future." When I grow up, I am knowledgeable and capable of becoming a politician. He was an official in Wei and was recruited as a vassal by General Cao Shuang. Cao Shuang was killed, and his protege didn't dare to collect the body. Xun Xu went alone (to handle the funeral), and others dared to follow. He was promoted to the imperial court and participated in the military planning of the general office of Emperor Wendi of Jin (Si Mazhao).

When Cao Mao, an aristocratic township official, wanted to stage a coup, General Sun Zuo left the door open. Sima Qian, the younger brother of Emperor Wen of Jin, heard of the mutiny and wanted to enter Luhemen. Sun Bin said to Sima Qian, "No one has entered this gate yet. You can enter from the east gate." Sima Qian arrived, and Wendi said it was too late. Sima Qian was late later because he told Wendi that Wendi wanted to punish Sun You for genocide. Xun Xun remonstrated, saying, "Sun You was guilty of not letting Hou Anyang enter the customs. However, the circumstances of the matter are light and heavy, and the severity of punishment cannot be transferred because of emotions. " So only Sun You was relieved of Shu Ren's post. At that time, a man named Lu Yi in the Royal Cavalry asked to be an assassin in Shu. Xun Xu said to Emperor Wendi, "You should rule the world with the public, even with the public. You should take a righteous teacher to fight against the rebels and get rid of the thieves in the name of assassination. This is not to treat people all over the world with courtesy and to serve people far away with virtue. " Wendi Deng thinks this idea is very good.

Zhong Hui rebelled in Shu, but didn't get any definite news. It was reported by outsiders first. Wendi has always been good at clocks. I don't believe he will rebel. Xun Yu said, "Although Zhong Hui has benefited from your kindness, this person can't be regarded as a beneficiary. We should take precautions as early as possible." Wendi immediately left Chang 'an. Guo Yi, the main book, thought Xun Xu was a subordinate nephew of Zhong Hui, who was raised by his uncle's parents when he was young, and advised Wendi to demote Xun Xu. Wendi didn't listen, so he made Xun Xu sit in the same car with him and treat him as before. Before this, Xun Xu advised: "Wei Guan attacked Shu and became an army supervisor." The chaos of the bell meeting in Shu was caused by Wei Guanping. After the Zhong Hui rebellion was put down, he returned to Luoyang, where Xun Xu shared state secrets with Pei Xiu and yang hu. At that time, an emissary was sent to Wu Dong, so that the scribes at that time and Sun Hao could draft documents together. Wendi chose the documents written by Xun Xu. Sun Hao replied after receiving the book that he was willing to get along well. Emperor Wendi said to Xun Xu, "The documents you wrote before made Wu obey, which is really better than a hundred thousand troops!"

Xun Xu has long been in the position of a Chinese book, specializing in confidential information. When Ren Shangshu gave the order, he inspected the ability of officials below the age of 10. Those who were unfamiliar with laws and regulations and could not solve difficult problems and handle affairs were immediately sent away. Emperor Wu of Jin once said to Xun Xu: "Yue:' If Xun Wen promotes goodness, he will stop if he does not promote it; Xun Gongda banished the wicked and won't stop until he drove them away. "I hope you have both the virtues of two sages." On-the-job for more than a month, because of his mother's funeral and resignation, Emperor Wu refused to send Hui Zhou, a regular servant, to convey the will. Xun Xu only fulfilled his duties in a letter. Xun Xu has been in charge of confidential work for a long time. He is brilliant and thoughtful. He can detect the hidden will of the monarch without offending the dignity of the monarch and confronting it, so he can always preserve his favor and status. Taikang died ten years ago.

3. Pei Xiu's "Painting Six Styles" was originally written in vernacular Chinese:

Pei Xiu expounded the principles and methods of map making. Fraction, that is, scale, is used to distinguish the length, width and area of an area; Quasi-observation is to determine the orientation of things everywhere; Road, that is, distance, is used to determine the mileage of the road. Struggle, evil and straightness are to correct the error of horizontal straight line distance caused by ground fluctuation and road detour.

Pei Xiu pointed out that when applying these principles, we should adapt to local conditions and learn from each other. In this way, although there are mountains and seas, inaccessible places can also get correct results. Among the "six styles", there are three aspects: superiority, evil and pedantry, which are interpreted differently by later generations.

Generally speaking, according to the original text and considering the basic rules of cartography, it should be understood as three factors and methods to change the road length between two places (including errors caused by road undulation and bending) into a straight line length on the horizontal plane.

Extended data

This "six-body painting" proposed by Pei Xiu was the most scientific and perfect painting theory in the world at that time. In addition to longitude and latitude and earth projection, he proposed almost all the main factors that should be considered in modern cartography. Therefore, he is called "the father of scientific cartography in China". This theory has been used until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the end of Ming Dynasty, after the Italian map with longitude and latitude lines was introduced into China, the cartographic method of China began to change.

"Six-body Cartography" is a cartographic theory creatively summarized by him on the basis of his personal practice, criticizing and inheriting the previous cartographic experience. He laid the theoretical foundation of cartography in medieval China and promoted the development of cartography, which is of epoch-making significance in the history of cartography in the world.

He clearly wrote down the written cartographic norms. After him, until Matteo Ricci's Map of the World was introduced into China, great changes have taken place in the content and form of China's maps, but there was no new development in the nature of cartography. It has always been an important method to draw maps in China.

Pei Xiu's maps in this period are the backbone of China's map history. If we try to find out the origin and traces of his map making, we can basically see the development process of cartography in China before the Ming Dynasty and the main sources of maps. The map before Pei Xiu is a means for human beings to express the geographical landscape and describe the spatial position of ground objects. In fact, its practical value is sometimes incomparable with the text effect.

Therefore, in the later struggle with nature, early China people gradually discovered and learned to express their geographical activities with symbols or figures, and became a classic map.

Pei Xiu's main contribution to cartography is that he clearly established the drawing theory of China ancient map for the first time, which is the only systematic drawing theory in ancient China. So far, Pei Xiu has mentioned almost all the main problems considered in map drawing except latitude, longitude and projection.

These mapping principles put forward by Pei Xiu are the basic scientific theories for drawing plane maps, which laid a scientific foundation for drawing maps. They have always influenced the traditional cartography in China before the Qing Dynasty, which is of epoch-making significance in the development history of cartography in China and occupies an important position in the history of cartography in the world.