Her name is Zhou Huinian.
"The First Female Traffic of Central Transportation Bureau"
Zhou Huinian, 19 1 1 March, was born in Tanjiahe Village, Xinyang, Hubei Province. The Zhou family has several acres of cultivated land and a bamboo forest, and it is also a well-off household in the local area. Unexpectedly, just a few years later, due to the death of my father, the family property fell sharply. But mother still scrimped and saved and sent her to school. However, after she transferred to the primary school affiliated to Xinyang Women's Teachers College, she had to drop out of school and go home because her family was really unable to provide it.
1926, the northern expeditionary army attacked Xinyang, Henan. In order to mobilize more people to support and participate in the Northern Expedition, Tanjiahe Town set up a free tutorial school. Zhou Huinian not only got the opportunity to go to school again, but also got in touch with the underground members of the Communist Party of China, accepted revolutionary ideas such as "Russian October Revolution" and "Communist ABC", and joined the Communist Youth League of China, doing the party's secret traffic work while attending school and cooperating with the Northern Expedition.
Zhou Huinian was arranged by her parents for a "small marriage" in her early years, and her husband's family was the landlord. Zhou Huinian posted slogans, organized rallies and even gave a speech on stage all day, which annoyed her husband's family. "It's outrageous for a daughter-in-law not to show her face in the door all day." She not only forced her to get married early as a child bride, but even planned to rob her relatives. With the intervention of the Party and the League organizations, Zhou Huinian divorced, got rid of the reluctant "early marriage" and devoted himself wholeheartedly to the propaganda of the Northern Expedition.
However, on June 1927 and 19, Xinyang Red Gun Association rebelled, and the CPC Xinyang Party Group was seriously damaged. Zhou Huinian, who lost contact with the Party, fled to Jigongshan under the cover of white terror. Because of the red gun, Zhou Huinian, who had just arrived at the foothill railway, saw a train coming and jumped on it desperately. In her opinion, she can't stay any longer, so she might as well find a party organization somewhere else.
When Zhou Huinian went to Wuhan, he met the introducer who participated in the revolution and was asked by the party organization to return to Xinyang to prepare for the "Huangchuan Riot". Before the riots began, the underground party organizations in the Communist Party of China (CPC) decided not to let lesbians participate, and Hui Zhou was too young to be evacuated home. Because of Zhou Huinian's resolute opposition, he had to be sent to the county party Committee to do underground party traffic work. Because Zhou Hui is too young to join the party for the time being, I decided to let him "join the party". Zhou Huinian's main tasks are to live in an office, buy paper, buy food, print leaflets, send letters, send documents and so on. For the convenience of work, Zhou Huinian often wears a hat to cover her hair, pretending to be a boy, and cooperating with another lesbian to cover each other's tasks. Despite Zhou Huinian's inexperience, she used the convenience of lesbians to wrap things around her waist, put important documents and letters in shoes, pin them in socks and other places, and tactfully escaped the enemy's search every time.
Due to the influence of left-leaning putschism, the underground party unilaterally emphasized the capture of big cities by armed struggle, but failed to realize the difficulties and obstacles and the necessity of establishing revolutionary base areas. 1928 riots ended in failure and Zhou Huinian was arrested. Later, Qiu Xiangshun, a famous local underground member of the Communist Party of China, was released on bail as a gentleman.
Soon, Zhou Huinian was sent to Xinyang civilian factory to engage in workers' movement. 1929 On the night of October Revolution Festival, Zhou Huinian, several workers and party member were discovered and exposed. Just at this time, Zhou Huinian was selected after repeated examination because of the lack of a female traffic officer in the Henan-Shanghai traffic line of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Transportation Bureau located in Shanghai. Therefore, Zhou Huinian became "the first female traffic of the Central Transportation Bureau". The work of the Central Transportation Bureau belongs to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, working independently and in absolute secrecy. The arrangement of personnel deployment was determined after careful investigation and study in advance and strict examination.
Because it is difficult for single women to rent a house in Shanghai, and it is easy to attract the attention and suspicion of enemies and outsiders, single lesbians can only pretend to rent a house with gay men and establish organs or secret traffic contact points. Zhou Huinian was also asked to pretend to be husband and wife with Henan traffic police Xiao Liu. But after all, Zhou Huinian is still a girl who has not opened her heart. Hearing this arrangement, she was embarrassed and asked to go to the Soviet area or go to the factory for labor movement. The leader solemnly reminded Zhou Huinian: "As a party member of the Communist Party of China, you have to obey the distribution of the party, and there is no reason to bargain at work." Zhou Huinian never said a word again and obeyed the organization's decision.
After working for a period of time, Xiao Liu moved his heart and fell in love with Zhou Huinian. One night, Xiao Liu formally proposed to Zhou Huinian. Zhou Huinian burst into tears with fear. When the landlord heard the news, he knocked at the door and asked. Xiao Liu was stupid at that time. Zhou Huinian had a brainwave, scattered her hair, deliberately dragged Xiao Liu to make trouble, and told the landlord that her "husband" was running outside alone and didn't support her family. All the money was posted to the woman outside, and she was beaten when she came back to eat and drink. Because the landlord believed it, he covered up the truth. Afterwards, the leaders severely criticized their reckless behavior.
Organizational living expenses for Zhou Huinian are only four copper coins a day, which is only enough to buy a pair of oil cakes and fried dough sticks. So that in winter, Zhou Huinian can only rely on a few pieces of light clothing to keep out the cold. In order to improve his life and reduce the burden on the organization through his own work, Zhou Huinian applied for a job in a nearby socks factory and agreed on a monthly salary in 30 yuan. However, the organization seriously pointed out: "If you go to work, comrades who come to work may be turned away, which will easily delay major events." Zhou Huinian once again obeyed orders and gave up this attractive job.
At that time, comrades did not use their real names, but only used some aliases and code names to address each other. For example, Chen Yun often dresses up as an accountant with a pen in his ear and is called "Lao Kai"; Pan Hannian is younger and called "Xiao Kai". Zhou Huinian didn't know their real names and identities until he went to Yan 'an. There are some people who haven't seen each other since Zhou Huinian, and I don't know who they really are.
A few months later, Zhou Huinian was transferred to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Guest House to receive cadres above the Central Committee from the Soviet area.
"The first lesbian in our party's security work"
Soon, Zhou Huinian was transferred to the more risky central secret service department. The Central Special Department consists of four departments: General Affairs Department, Intelligence Department, Action Department and Transportation Department. Action section, also known as "Red Team" and "Dog Hunting Team", is headed by Gu, who is mainly responsible for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its security during the meeting; Rescue the arrested the Communist Party of China (CPC); Assassination is used to punish traitors who betray the organization and spies and spies who pose a threat to the Communist Party of China.
Zhou Huinian belongs to the leader of the three departments. Her specific job is to guard the organs, keep weapons, transport guns and ammunition for the members of the three major disciplines to perform tasks, and transmit action orders and information. "At that time, when we went to perform the task, we had to be careful. Take the tram first, then go into the park for a few laps, then take a rickshaw and turn around to make sure there is no' tail' behind and then go to the joint or perform the task. " Zhou Huinian once recalled.
1in July, 929, Bai Xin, secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), secretly surrendered himself to the Shanghai Party Department of the Kuomintang through his brother, Bai Mi, director of the Military and Political Department of the Kuomintang. In order to take credit, he revealed to the Kuomintang Shanghai Party Department that some responsible persons of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and jiangsu provincial party committee would hold a meeting in jiangsu provincial party committee's office in Jingyuan, Xinzha Road on August 24th. In the name of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau, the Shanghai Party Department of the Kuomintang, after negotiating with the political department of the concession patrol house, took joint action and arrested five members, including the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Peng Pai, secretary of the Agriculture Committee, and alternate members of the Political Bureau.
Zhou Enlai, secretary of the Central Military Commission, presided over an emergency meeting of heads that night, arranged for the rescue of Peng Pai and others, and demanded that the traitor Bai Xin be severely punished.
165438+1October 1 1 is the day when Bai Xin is going to take refuge in Italy. Turco decided to shoot Bai Xin with a pistol near Fan Mansion where he stayed, and then quickly evacuated. At 1 1 pm, six or seven people came out of the back door of the mansion, and Bai Xin was among them. Team members of the Third Division quickly rushed to shoot Bai Xin. Because caught in the crowd, Bai Xin, who was not hit by the first row of bullets, returned fire with a gun and ran for his life. Three players chased Bai Xin and finally killed him when he ran out of more than 20 doors.
Under the protection of many bodyguards, Bai Xin was still hunted by Kurt, who shocked all of Shanghai. Some newspapers called it "the biggest assassination in the East".
It is Zhou Huinian who is responsible for providing weapons to special warfare players.
193 1 1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was forcibly convened under the opposition of many people, and Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism dominated. Under the influence of Wang Ming's line, the organizations in the White Area of the Communist Party of China have been seriously damaged, and the situation of the central organs in Shanghai is even more sinister and severe.
At 438+0 on April 6, Zhang left Shanghai for Hankou under the escort of Gu. After arriving in Hankou, Gu did not return to Shanghai immediately according to the requirements of the central authorities, but performed magic on the stage in Hankou. As a result, the traitor found out and was arrested Gu proposed to meet Chiang Kai-shek immediately, and put forward a plan to completely eliminate the Communist Party of China, and asked the Wuhan Kuomintang secret service not to telegraph the news of his arrest to Nanjing, but to send him to Nanjing as soon as possible. However, the spy, eager to show his merits, ignored his request and sent a telegram directly to the Central Party Department of the Nanjing Kuomintang: "Gu defected and claimed that he could destroy the head of the Communist Party of China. It will be sent to Nanjing in a few days. "
Qian Zhuangfei, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's spy in Nanking, immediately found Li Kenong and informed Zhou Enlai. Fortunately, the emergency transfer made the spy come to the location of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Radio Station according to the information provided by Gu, and found nothing.
Although Gu's plan to destroy the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's organs failed, his rebellion still caused great losses to the underground party of the Communist Party of China: Hui was shot dead in Nanjing military prison; Cai Hesen was arrested in Hongkong; Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong, Hu Di, Song Zaisheng and others who broke into the Kuomintang secret service and have occupied important positions were forced to leave their original jobs; Yang Dengying, an important official who served the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the enemy secret service, was detained by the Kuomintang authorities.
That is, after Gu mutiny, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to let General Secretary Xiang go to the Soviet area as soon as possible. The person in charge of safety once feared that something would happen to him, let him live with himself for the time being and told him not to go out. But Xiang wants to sneak out to find a woman named Yang and live in seclusion with herself. As a result, she was recognized and arrested by enemy spies the next morning.
When Xiang found out that he went out without permission and didn't come home all night, he immediately felt that something was wrong. After confirming the mutiny, while informing everyone to evacuate urgently, he stuck on Dan's beard and disguised himself as a Japanese and came to Jiangxi Soviet area.
All three revolutionary partners dedicated themselves to the light.
After Zhou Huinian entered Kurt, she had an association with Tan Zhongyu, who became her first husband. At that time, Tan Zhongyu was one of the main leaders of the Third Division, that is, the deputy of Gu, the chief of the Third Division.
After Zhou Huinian and Tan Zhongyu got married, their home actually became the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's secret contact point. Zhou Huinian often pretends to be a housewife, while other comrades pretend to be relatives, friends and servants.
After the Xiang mutiny, Tan Zhongyu and Zhou Huinian also left Shanghai for Xiangzaoyi base area at the border of Hubei, Henan and Anhui. Tan Zhongyu is the political commissar of Red 26 Division, and Zhou Huinian is in the Women's Working Committee of the Special Committee. His main task is to mobilize people to join the Red Army, publicize women and actively support front-line operations.
Because Xiangzaoyi was close to the core area of the Kuomintang, under the heavy encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army, the Red 26 Division suffered heavy losses, and the Xiangzaoyi Special Committee was forced to go underground after the 19321February 28 incident. Tan Zhongyu and Zhou Huinian, who were originally engaged in public activities, also went underground. Because Tan Zhongyu's Shanghai dialect is easy to expose in Hubei and Henan, the party organization decided that the couple would return to Shanghai.
Because Tan Zhongyu had too many acquaintances in Shanghai to carry out activities, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send him to study in the Soviet Union via Vladivostok. Zhou Huinian didn't go with her because she just gave birth to a baby less than half a month ago.
Tan Zhongyu studied in the Soviet Union for more than a year. Knowing that the Red Army's Long March arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, Tan Zhongyu and other four people came to Yan 'an from Mongolia via the Trilateral Road with six or seven camels, weapons and radio stations. Tan Zhongyu was detained by the militia because he flashed a gun at his waist while drinking water by the well. Finally, because of his exposed identity, he was beheaded by the enemy and hung in the city.
1933, Zhou Huinian was introduced and married Li Dezhao, whom she once knew. After I got married, I used to live near the French Park in the French Concession.
As the secretary-general of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Li Dezhao is very busy. He will receive comrades from the white areas who come to the Central Committee for instructions, keep close contact with the Communist International, and arrange to escort some people working in the white areas to the red base areas. Li Dezhao often leaves home early in the morning and comes back late. Even because of the obvious deterioration of the environment, Li Dezhao leaves home for the Shanghai Central Bureau in Maris New Village every day, and it is hard to say whether he can go home again at night. Therefore, from the moment when they just lived together, the couple agreed on the knocking code and the false confession after being arrested.
On the evening of June 26th, 1934, Li, secretary of the Shanghai C.O., returned to the seat of the C.O. of Maris New Village after meeting with representatives of the Communist International, and was arrested by the special agents of the Kuomintang Central Shanghai Action Zone waiting there. At the same time, Li Dezhao and others were arrested.
Just an hour later, Zhou Huinian heard a quick knock at the door in his own residence. Before she could open the door, a group of spies had broken into the house. Because everything happened so suddenly, Zhou Huinian was unprepared. As a result, the spy found a paper bag file and took Zhou Huinian away by force.
Because Zhou Huinian insisted that she was an uneducated woman and knew nothing about her husband's activities and related documents. The spies also lacked the slightest evidence to prove that she was a * * * person, so they had to hand her over to the court for trial after a week of detention. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has hired an eloquent lawyer to defend Zhou Huinian. After trial by the Concession Court, Zhou Huinian was acquitted because of insufficient evidence to participate in red activities.
In September of the same year, Zhou Huinian, who had just given birth to a child for 20 days, was arrested again and put in the prison of Shanghai Public Security Bureau. Later, he was transferred to the detention center of Nanjing Gendarmerie Command. Then he was transferred to the Kuomintang Suzhou Introspection Institute.
1September, 936, the introspection institute informed Zhou Huinian that Li Dezhao died in Nanjing military prison. It turned out that Li Dezhao's lung disease became more and more serious in the harsh prison environment, and he continued to have a high fever. But the prison didn't take it seriously at all, misdiagnosed it as malaria, and gave him a lot of cinchona cream. Li Dezhao died because the medicine was not symptomatic (after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai wrote to the East China Military and Political Commission to ratify Li Dezhao as a revolutionary martyr, and the revolutionary historical materials were displayed in the memorial hall of Yuhuatai Martyrs Cemetery in Nanjing. 199 1 year, Yongjia County People's Government built a monument in the hometown of martyrs, and Chairman Yang wrote an inscription for the monument).
After the "Xi incident", there was a good situation of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of releasing political prisoners. In addition, in order to avoid the bombing by Japanese planes, Suzhou Introspection Institute had no choice but to let political prisoners evacuate themselves.
Zhou Huinian decided to go to the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang for temporary shelter, and then try to contact the organization. 1937 10, Zhou Huinian came to Wuhan and joined the party organization.
In Wuhan, Hui Zhou met with Huang Wenjie, the newly established organization director of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC. Huang Wenjie won the admiration of Zhou Huinian, who worked with him, for his tireless and selfless dedication to the cause of the Party. Soon, they got married. But it is difficult to see each other in time and frequency, and rarely lead a normal husband and wife life.
1938 Mid-Autumn Festival, in order to cope with the imminent fall of Guangzhou, Huang Wenjie once again went to Guangzhou as a special correspondent. As soon as he arrived in Guangzhou, he called Li Dalin, acting secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, to hold an emergency meeting to move the provincial party Committee to northern Guangdong. The establishment of the Southwest Special Committee and the Southeast Special Committee of the CPC; The Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee went to various places to lead the team; Lu Xin, the organization minister of Guangzhou Municipal Committee, led some party member in underground struggle. At the end of the year, Zhou Enlai, secretary of the CPC Southern Bureau, wrote to Huang Wenjie to accept his new job in Chongqing. Due to nervousness and fatigue, Huang Wenjie was ill and very weak. However, after hearing the call, he and Hui Zhou went through difficulties and obstacles to Chongqing.
Soon, according to the organization's arrangement, Hui Zhou came to Yan 'an and became the sixth student of Marxism-Leninism College. After graduation, he worked in the Central Social Department, Yan 'an Security Department and the Central General Office.
/kloc-The Mid-Autumn Festival in 0/940 is a traditional day for family reunion in China, but Zhou Huinian suffered the third blow in her emotional process: Huang Wenjie, who was originally suffering from lung disease and contracted typhoid fever due to overwork, was bombed by Japanese planes in Chongqing and died unfortunately because she hid in a damp and cold air-raid shelter for too long.
China * * * fully affirmed Huang Wenjie's life devoted to the revolution. Dong and Deng, who were still in the Chongqing office of the 18th Army, gave a funeral. Xinhua Daily and the broad masses of the people published special editions to commemorate Huang Wenjie, who was "infinitely loyal to the Party and selfless to people and things". Ye Jianying praised Huang Wenjie's "sense of responsibility and camel-like spirit" in his mourning article.
After graduating from Yan 'an Marxism-Leninism College, Zhou Huinian worked in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After returning to Yan 'an, Zhou Enlai praised Zhou Huinian twice on important occasions and spoke highly of her underground work in the White Area and her silent dedication to the revolution.
After the founding of New China, Zhou Huinian was transferred to the Central Compilation Bureau and served as the chief of the cadre department, the chief of the secretarial department and the deputy director of the office.
1On June 7, 1997, Zhou Huinian died in Beijing at the age of 86.