First, the cause of drowning death
Mainly due to inhalation of a large number of acupuncture points in the trachea that hinder breathing, or suffocation due to strong laryngeal spasm and closed respiratory tract.
Second, symptoms
The drowning person's face is bruised, his eyes are bloodshot, and his mouth, nostrils and trachea are full of blood bubbles. Cold limbs, weak pulse, even convulsions or respiratory heartbeat stop.
Third, self-help and rescue.
When drowning happens, if you are unfamiliar with the water, you can take the method of self-help: in addition to calling for help, take a supine position and tilt your head back so that your nose can breathe out of the water. Shallow exhalation and deep inhalation. Because when inhaling deeply, the body specific gravity drops to 0.967, which is slightly lighter than water, and can surface (when exhaling, the body specific gravity is 1.057, which is slightly heavier than water), so don't panic at this time, and don't raise your arm and flap it left and right to make your body sink faster.
Swimmers, if they have cramps in their calves, should keep calm, take a backstroke posture, bend the toes of the cramped legs backwards with their hands to release the cramps, and then slowly swim to the shore.
To rescue the drowning man, swim to the vicinity of the drowning man quickly, observe the position clearly and rescue him from the rear. Or throw boards, lifebuoys, long poles, etc. So that the drowning person can climb ashore.
After the water rescue:
First clean up the silt and sputum in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, take off the false teeth, and then control the water. The rescuer bends his knees on one leg and puts the drowning person on his thigh, so that the water in the drowning person can be discharged from the trachea and mouth by body position. In some rural areas, the drowning person will lie on the back of the cow, with his head and feet suspended, driving the cow to walk, thus controlling water and playing the role of artificial respiration. If the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, give mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately and massage the chest at the same time.
4. How to prevent drowning
Swimming is one of teenagers' favorite sports. However, if you are not prepared, lack safety awareness, panic when you encounter an accident, and you can't save yourself calmly, it is easy to cause drowning casualties.
In order to ensure the safety of swimming and prevent drowning accidents, the following must be done:
1, don't go swimming alone, let alone in places where you don't know the bottom and water conditions, or dangerous places where drowning casualties are likely to occur. Choose a good swimming place and have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water surface is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of water.
You must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. Take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, it is necessary to count the number of people before and after launching and designate lifeguards for safety protection.
Pay attention to your health. People who are prone to cramps in limbs should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. Get ready before you go into the water and exercise first. If the water temperature is too low, wash your body with shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. Students with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking.
4. Be self-aware of your water quality. Don't try to be brave after entering the water. Don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other, lest you drown by drinking water. Don't swim in rapids and whirlpools, let alone drink and swim.
5. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath and so on. , should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help.
6, in swimming, if the calf or leg cramps, don't panic, you can kick or jump hard, or massage hard, strain the cramp, and call for help to your partner.
7. When a drowning accident occurs in swimming, the first aid on the spot is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the vomit, sediment and other impurities in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; The tongue should be pulled out to avoid backward turning and blocking the respiratory tract; Raise the abdomen of the drowning person so that his chest and head droop, or hold his legs, put his abdomen on the rescuer's shoulder, and do the action of walking or jumping to "pour water". Restoring the drowning person's breathing is the key to the success of first aid. Artificial respiration should be carried out immediately, and mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration can be used. At the same time of first aid, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly.
5. How did you save yourself from drowning?
During the summer vacation, many students like to travel together, especially because of the hot weather, everyone is willing to play and swim by the water, and often at this time, it is easy to have dangerous situations. During the summer vacation, students often drown, which is partly caused by students not mastering scientific rescue skills when helping each other. It is reported that a drowning incident occurred in qitaihe city, Heilongjiang Province, and five high school students drowned to save their drowning classmates.
On July 14, 2004, some students from Class 5 of Qi Mei Group Senior Middle School spontaneously organized a visit to Wanbao Reservoir in qitaihe city, Heilongjiang Province. Along the way, the students walked on the steep mountain road and enjoyed the charming natural scenery around them. /kloc-Qing Li, a 0/6-year-old girl, went to the reservoir without guardrails to wash her hands alone. The cement dam is relatively flat, with a steep long slope, and the underwater part near the dam is covered with moss. At this time, the accident happened. She slipped and fell, and soon. Qing Li, who can't swim, panicked. She struggled for help. Students Li Quanrui and Xu Bao Zhong, who are playing nearby, rushed over after hearing the cry for help. They went hand in hand to save lives. Just as they touched their hands, Li Quanrui and Xu, who were unfamiliar with water, slipped and the lake immediately flooded their heads. They drifted farther and farther away, and seemed to have felt closer and closer to death. Eight boys, including Li Kai, saw this situation and immediately ran to the dam. They formed two groups of human chains and went hand in hand to the lake to rescue three students who fell into the water. At this time, the students who fell into the water were 6 or 7 meters away from the shore, and Fang Weixin and other students had reached waist-deep water. At this time, the accident happened again. The students standing there slipped several times. Fang Wei Xinhe and Li Kai were pulled ashore by their classmates because they were close to the shore, and the other three students suddenly disappeared after sinking into the water. Just then, Zhang Zhiyu, a girl of 16 years old, ran down from the mountain and rushed to the dam. She jumped into the water and swam to Qing Li, which was struggling 8 or 9 meters away. Qing Li gripped Zhang Zhiyu's arm like a lifesaver. In the panic, the students shouted for help from passers-by, and several migrant workers who could swim jumped into the water without saying anything, saving the drowning boy. Because the water was particularly turbid and the visibility was above 1 m, several people kept swimming forward, looking for it. At the same time, the students quickly called the 120 emergency center. When several children were fished ashore, their faces were blue, their pupils were dilated and they had been drowning for a long time. The five students who fell into the water were then taken to the hospital for rescue, but due to the long drowning time, five students died after being rescued. Five young lives just disappeared. Their desperate efforts to rescue their classmates at the critical moment were shocking, but the accident was regrettable. In fact, in our daily life, drowning accidents happen from time to time. What should we do if we meet a drowning person?
Drowning is a common accident such as swimming or falling into puddles and wells. Drowning generally occurs in swimming pools, reservoirs, puddles, ponds, rivers, streams, beaches and other places. Summer is the season with frequent drowning accidents. Every summer, there will be drowning accidents in swimming. Among the drowning people, some can't swim, and some can swim and are good at water.
When someone falls into the water, rescuers should not rush to save people, because it will be very dangerous if they are caught by the drowning person. Entanglement with the drowning person in the water will not only consume a lot of physical strength of the rescuer, but sometimes even lead to exhaustion of physical strength of the rescuer and eventually death. If the situation is very urgent at that time, and the rescuer has certain rescue skills, then the rescuer should take off his clothes and shoes as soon as possible before entering the water, and try to avoid being caught by the drowning person when approaching.
To sum up, drowning is very dangerous. In daily life, we should raise our awareness of safety, put safety first, and nip in the bud. Water is ruthless, and people are affectionate. In fact, as long as we pay attention to all kinds of swimming and splashing water in our lives, improve our awareness of safety precautions, learn how to save ourselves when drowning, and how to help others when drowning, drowning incidents can still be prevented.
When summer comes, the temperature rises and the humidity is high, which is suitable for the reproduction of various pathogenic microorganisms. Food is perishable, and flies bite and crawl, polluting food. If you eat food contaminated by bacteria or toxins, it may cause food poisoning. Improper processing or storage of cooked food products, cold dishes and cold drinks can easily lead to food poisoning. In addition, summer is the frequent season of food poisoning caused by pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. Generally speaking, food poisoning is mainly caused by cold meat, cold dishes, leftover rice and meat products, and seafood, lentils and freshly pickled pickles are also prone to this problem. Specifically, food poisoning should be prevented from the following aspects in summer:
First, prevent pesticide residue poisoning in vegetables. It's best to buy green leafy vegetables in the regular market. If the edible parts of vegetables are damaged, they should be eaten immediately and should not be stored, so as to avoid the damaged parts from reacting for a long time and producing toxic substances such as nitrite. If you use special detergent for fruits and vegetables, you can use it according to the product instructions of the detergent. If it is cleaned with clean water, soak it for 20 to 30 minutes before cleaning. In addition, washing vegetables with rice washing water can effectively remove residual pesticides.
Second, leftovers should not be stored at room temperature. In summer, even if the food doesn't stay overnight, it should be refrigerated in time, not at room temperature, so as not to create conditions for the growth and reproduction of germs and the release of toxins.
Third, restaurants should eat less cold dishes. When eating in a restaurant in hot weather, try to order as many hot dishes as possible, and don't pack the leftovers. If you want to hold a wedding banquet, birthday banquet and other large-scale banquets, you should choose a restaurant with sufficient reception capacity, because you need to cook some finished or semi-finished dishes long before the opening of the banquet. If food is not properly preserved, it will go bad easily.
Fourth, eat less shaved ice on the street. Most of the ice used in street unlicensed stalls is industrial ice, which contains a lot of toxic substances such as bacteria. Moreover, sellers generally do not have health checks, which may easily lead to food poisoning or other diseases after eating. When children want to eat shaved ice and drink cold drinks in summer, they should be educated not to buy brightly colored cold food or cold drinks operated by unlicensed stalls. Safety knowledge of preventing drowning
First, measures to prevent drowning:
1, pupils should swim under the guidance of adults and learn to swim; 2. Don't play alone by the river or the mountain pond; 3. Don't go swimming in non-swimming areas; 4, can't swim, don't swim to the deep water area, even with a lifebuoy is not safe; 5. Make proper preparations before swimming to prevent cramps;
Second, the self-help method when drowning:
1, don't panic, find someone around you and call for help immediately; 2. Relax your whole body, let your body float on the water, head out of the water, kick the water with your feet to prevent physical loss and wait for rescue; 3. When your body sinks, you can press your palm down; 4. If you suddenly cramp in the water and can't dock, call for help immediately. If there is no one around, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water, straighten your cramped legs and pull your toes up with your hands to relieve cramps.
Three, found someone drowning rescue methods:
Method 1: throw lifebuoys, bamboo poles, wooden boards and other things at the drowning person and drag them to the shore;
Method 2: If there is no rescue equipment, you can enter the water for direct rescue. When approaching a drowning person, turn his hips, turn his back to himself, and then pull him up. Side stroke or backstroke towing is usually used for towing.
Special emphasis: when minors find someone drowning and can't rush into the water to rescue them, they should immediately call for help or use life-saving equipment to call for help.
Fourth, the first aid for drowning people on shore.
1, quickly remove the sludge, weeds and secretions in the mouth and nose, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, pull out your tongue and avoid blocking the respiratory tract; 2. Lift the drowning child to lie prone on the rescuer's shoulder, with the abdomen close to the rescuer's shoulder and the head and feet drooping, so that the accumulated water in the respiratory tract can naturally flow out. But don't delay the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of water control; 3. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and heart massage; 4. Contact the emergency center as soon as possible or send the drowning child to the hospital.