Tu timur (1304 ~ 1332), born in Bolzigit, Yuan Wenzong, whose real name was Tu timur, Mongolian, the eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, reigned1328 ~1329; After reset, the position time was 1329- 1332 years, and the position time was 5 years. Yuan Wu is the second son of Zong Haishan and the younger brother of Zoroastrianism. Tu timur is the son of Wuzong and the younger brother of Mingzong. After the death of Emperor Taiding, he was made emperor. He can be described as a schemer. He first usurped the throne that should have been inherited by Ahuiba, and then destroyed the authentic Crown Prince Ahuiba. Then, he plotted to kill his brothers Mingzong and Shira.
Although Tu timur's life was full of conspiracies, he still attached great importance to culture and education and wrote several poems, so the temple was named "Wenzong". But he praised Buddhism and spent a lot of money. Yan Timur, powerful minister, dictatorship, sharp contradiction, long-term royal struggle. Finally, the Yuan Dynasty was sent into a state of collapse.
In July of the first year (1328), Emperor Taiding died. Knowing of the Privy Council, Yan Tiemu staged a coup in most places, made Wu Zongzi emperor, and sent envoys to Jiangling to welcome him into Beijing. In August, King Chan of Liang and Prime Minister Daulat Shāh set up Asujiba, the son of Tading Emperor, in Shangdu, and sent troops to attack Dadu. In September, Tu timur succeeded to the throne in Dadu and changed his calendar to Yuan Dynasty. With the support of Yan timur, his Qincha Legion and a part of Wu Zong's front [1-5] defeated Wang Chan and Daulat Shāh. And seized the capital; Then the soldiers were deployed to quell the opposition groups in Sichuan and Yunnan. After two years (1329), Xuanshi, the eldest son of Wuzong, was in the north of Helin, that is, the throne, and was Ming Sect. When Mingzong went south to Wanghu Chadu near Shangdu (now Zhangbei County, Hebei Province), Tutimur and Yin Tiemu, who had nominally abdicated, met him and waited for an opportunity to poison Mingzong. So timur was located in Shangdu in August. The following year, the calendar was changed to Yuan Dynasty, which is called calendar change.
Historical achievements
During his reign, he founded Kuizhangge and edited Shi Jing Grand Ceremony, and was interested in promoting civil affairs. Official revision of political books in yuan dynasty. Also known as "imperial ceremony". The First Year of Yuan Wenzong to Shun (1330) was compiled by Kuizhangge Academy, with Zhao Shiyan as the president and vice president, and was completed in May of the following year. There are 880 volumes in the book, including catalogue 12, official document 1 volume and editing 1 volume. According to Lei's Preface to the Grand Ceremony in the World, the book is divided into ten chapters: four chapters on national politics, namely, the title, imperial training, imperial system and imperial system; There are six chapters of ministers, namely, administrative code, fu code, ritual code, political code, constitutional code and work code, and each code is subdivided into several items.
The style of this book is innovative, referring to the meetings of Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, work codes are divided into palaces, government offices, warehouses, battlements, bridges, canals, suburban temples, monk temples, Taoist palaces, Lu tents, weapons, halogen books, jade workers, metalworking, carpentry, shoveling, masonry, silk shoveling, leather workers and felt shoveling. Each article and item is narrated before the main body, explaining the outline of its content, or the reasons for the change, or establishing the purpose, so as to facilitate readers' understanding; This compiling method is also superior to that of Tang and Song Dynasties. Most of them are based on Chinese, Korean and foreign official documents, but the literal translation of Mongolian is changed into classical Chinese, and the red tape and traditional Chinese characters in official documents are deleted.
The book was quoted in the revision of the History of Yuan Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty, and the Yongle Dadian was also compiled. The orthodox six-year period (144 1) is still found in the Bibliography of Wen Yuan Pavilion written by Yang Shiqi, but it is incomplete. In the thirty-third year of Wanli (1605), the Catalogue of Pavilion Books written by Sun Nengchuan and Zhang Xuan is not included in this list, but I think it has been lost. The remains of this book include not only a part of the Preface to the Grand Ceremony of Shi Jing collected in Yuan Dynasty, but also the copy of Yongle Grand Ceremony by Zhonghua Book Company, as well as the Big Picture, Painting and Sculpture of Yuan Dynasty, Dayuan Felt, Craft History and so on collected in Guangzang series. This part of Shi Jing Grand Ceremony covers many aspects, such as grain and grass, warehouse, collection and arrest, post station, express delivery, shipping, North Korea, Myanmar, etc. It is an important material for studying social economy, politics, military affairs, science and technology, and Sino-foreign relations in the Yuan Dynasty.
Personal strengths and weaknesses
In terms of culture, cultural circles have made great contributions. He attached great importance to the rule of culture and made great contributions to the development of culture. During his reign, he founded Kuizhangge and edited Shi Jing Grand Ceremony, which provided valuable wealth for the study of yuan dynasty history. However, Yuan Wenzong advocated Buddhism and went to extremes. First, the specifications of the royal teacher are too high. Second, some disciples rely on power and power to do evil. Third, they messed around with Buddhism and spent a lot of money. Fourth, they interfered in the political affairs of the imperial court. Fifth, they founded the General Administration of Broadcasting and Education, which was in charge of the affairs of monks and nuns. Monks and nuns can avoid running errands, while other religions follow the ancestral system. At that time, the political power of Semu people in the imperial court was weakened, while the power of Qincha bureaucratic group was greatly increased. Yan timur was arbitrary, and he had the final say in political affairs, so he showed many disadvantages, and the contradictions within the aristocratic ruling group were always sharp.
Yuan Wenzong's family.
Father: Wu Yingzong Haishan
Mother: Tang Wu's family.
Spouse: Hongjila Buddas.
children
The eldest son: Atandala (premature death), born to Queen Budari.
The second son: Gunadala (later renamed Yan Tiegu, who was exiled and put to death) was born to Queen Buddas.
The third son: Tai Ping Heng (premature death), born in the Queen Budasi.
Queen Budahiri was also exiled and executed by Hui Yuan.