Han Fei (723 ~ 787)

China Tang Dynasty painter. The words are too strong. Chang 'an (now Xi, Shaanxi) people. He used to be the left servant of the school and was named Duke Jin. Boya is versatile, good at calligraphy and drums. Painters are good at drawing figures, rural customs, horses, cows, sheep, donkeys, etc., and their works mostly reflect the life of literati and rural customs in the Tang Dynasty. Today, the five-ox map has been passed down from generation to generation.

Zhang Xuan,

Jing Zhao (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) was born in an unknown year. Artistic activities were mainly concentrated in the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (7 13-755). Zhang Xuan was enshrined in the palace and was appointed as a painter of Jixian Academy. He is famous for painting noble ladies and pommel horses in the palace. In the history of painting, people usually compare him with Zhou Fang, another female painter after him. There are dozens of Zhang Xuan's works recorded in the description of Tang and Song painting history, many of which have been repeatedly imitated by many painters, but none of the original works written by Zhang Xuan himself have been left behind.

Zhou Fang,

China Tang Dynasty painter. One is Xuan Jing, and the other is Zhonglang. Jingzhao (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) was born. The year of birth and death is unknown. Zhou Fang, who was born in a famous family, had the earliest recorded activity time in Dali, Tang Daizong (766 ~ 779) and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The last recorded activity time was that Dezong Zhenyuan (785 ~ 804) painted the mural of Zhangjing Temple in the imperial edict.

Gu (about 9 10-980).

Active in the Southern Tang Dynasty, he was the late master of the Southern Tang Painting Academy. Good painting is unique to the characters and is a master of "seeing and remembering". His painting style inherited the tradition of ladies' painting in Tang Dynasty, and created the modeling characteristics of delicate and pretty images in the Five Dynasties. His works are only handed down from generation to generation, but they remain in the world in the style of "suppressing five generations alone". Shining with eternal artistic light.

Wu Daozi (about 686 ~ 760)

China Tang Dynasty painter. Later renamed Dao Xuan, he was honored as Wu Sheng, a native of Yangzhai (now Yu County, Henan Province). Living alone in poverty. He was a folk painter in his early years, but he was not weak, poor and beautiful. During the Dragon Boat Festival (705 ~ 707), Wei was a carefree little official. Jing the Year of the Loong (707 ~ 7 10) was appointed as the county magistrate (now Ziyang County, Shandong Province) and resigned soon. Later, he traveled to Luoyang, the capital of the East, where he studied under Zhang Xu and He, then engaged in painting and made murals in temples. During the kaiyuan period (7 13 ~ 74 1), he was banned from school by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and painted for the imperial court. He was appointed as a doctor of pilgrimage and a doctor of internal medicine, and his official position was tour. Entrusted to paint some historical paintings or political portraits (such as "Golden Bridge Map"), and often made murals in Chang 'an and Luoyang to attract audiences and gain a great reputation. During the Tianbao period (742 ~ 756), he returned from a visit to Sichuan by imperial decree and painted more than 300 miles of beautiful scenery of Jialing River in Datong Hall. Xuanzong praised, "Li Sixun's achievements in a few months and Wu Daozi's achievements in a day are remarkable. After 758 years, his deeds are unknown.

Yan liben

Yan: (60 1-673) was born in Yongzhou, Tang Dynasty. Son of Yan Pi, painter of Sui Dynasty, and brother of Yan Lide. Emperor Taizong was an assistant minister of punishments. In the early Qing dynasty, my brother was the minister of the Ministry of Industry, and the first year of General Zhang was the right prime minister. Good at painting and calligraphy, the most refined. He painted "Walking Map" and so on. His paintings have a wide range of subjects, such as religious figures, chariots and horses, mountains and rivers, etc., and he is especially good at drawing portraits of people. The representative work "Emperors of Past Dynasties" is one of the important works in classical painting. The maid-in-waiting in the painting has curved eyebrows and full cheeks, which are lifelike. With ink, there is bone; Strange colors and methods. The descriptions are varied, thick and fine, loose and tight, and the pen is more vivid than Gu Kaizhi's exquisiteness.

Song Dynasty painter

Zeduan Zhang

Famous painter in Song Dynasty. The correct word. Wu Dong (now Zhucheng) people. He once worked in the Royal Hanlin Painting Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty. I like reading and painting since I was a child. He is good at "boundary painting", especially at painting boats, streets, battlements and bridges. Representative works include Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, Fog, Rain and Snow Scene, West Lake Auction Map, etc.

Wen Tong (10 18 ~ 1079) was born in Zizhou (now Yanting, Sichuan). He is a famous painter and a representative of the rising trend of "literati painting". He is good at painting water, stone, pine and bamboo, especially ink bamboo. He advocates that a bamboo painter should first form a complete and vivid image of bamboo in his mind, and then draw a picture in one go. The phrase "planned" in China's idiom is Su Shi's summary of his painting theory. He created the method of painting leaves with thick ink and leaves with light ink, which had great influence on later generations. His paintings handed down from ancient times include "Ink Bamboo Map", which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan Province Province. Wen Tong is a subordinate cousin of Su Shi. They are closely related and often discuss the skills of learning poetry, calligraphy and painting together. In painting, Su Shi is also a student of Wentong. Many important points of Su Shi's artistic theory are inspired by Wen Tong's painting achievements.

Fan Kuan

Shaanxi Huayuan (now Yaoxian) people. The dates of birth and death are unknown. Northern Song Dynasty painter. The name is in the middle and the word is neutral. Because of his generosity, people call him Fan Kuan. Living in the early Northern Song Dynasty, he was listed as one of the three famous landscape painters in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Cheng, a beginner in painting, studied Hao Jing's method, and later felt that "learning from others, not learning from nature". Because he moved to Zhong Nanshan and Taihua Mountain, he became a representative of the northern painting school without complicated decoration. Fan Kuan's works take the real landscape around Guanshan Mountain as the description object. While emphasizing the essence of learning from others, he emphasized originality, not limited to learning from a certain family. He often travels to Zhong Nanshan and Taihua Mountain, and has a deep feeling and description of the scenery of Guanshan Mountain. According to the records, he is good at expressing the scenery of the four seasons, traveling and "gloomy scenery" and "all writing about the military pull of Qin Long, with a broad view of the overall situation and overwhelming mountains". The painting is characterized by "a dense forest on the top of the mountain" and "water is a boulder", and I like to use the method of "meaning". Together with Guan Tong and Li Cheng, they formed three schools of northern landscape painting in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on later generations. Surviving works include Travel Notes of Xishan Mountain and Snow Scene in Cold Forest.

Huang Tingjian (1045 ~ 1 105)

China was a poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Lu Zhi,No. Road flyover,No. Valley and. Fuchengweng A native of Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), he was a scholar, and moved to Zuolang with the school book lang as the reviewer. Later, the record was false and was downgraded. Huang Tingjian, one of the four bachelor's degrees of Su Men, was the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School, and was as famous as Su Shi before his death. Known as Su Huang. In creation, Huang Tingjian adheres to the principle that "it is the most difficult to make his own words, and Lao Du's poems are still written, and there is no place for a word". "Although the words of the ancients have entered calligraphy, they are like a panacea, turning iron into gold". Huang Tingjian's method of "taking fetus instead of bone" in Cold Zhai Night Talk was imitated by Jiangxi Poetry School and had a great influence in Song Dynasty. The so-called turning the stone into gold from what the ancients said is to change and describe it according to the poems of predecessors, to bring forth the new and to "turn decay into magic", but there is no theory of "replacing bones with fetuses" in Valley's works, which may not be an important proposition in his poetry creation. He has famous sayings that "articles should not follow people" and "it is realistic to form a family". He is determined to be an independent portal in poetry and finally stand on his own feet in the world with his unique poetic style. There are 1500 or 600 songs with rich content and peculiar style. For example, the representative poems that show people's sufferings and care about current politics include Sigh of a Wanderer, Yin 'an with Two Rhymes, What's the Good News with Two Rhymes, and Two Rhymes Began in Jixi. Another kind of lyric poetry, such as writing scenery, sending knowledge, sending condolences, answering questions and painting, embodies the unique personality of Huang's poetry. The ancient poetry "Cowherd with Bamboo Stone" and "Zi Zhan Er Yun Meishan Xuanyi King" have novel meanings and extraordinary brushwork. The seven-character poem "Going to the Express Pavilion" is free and easy, "Sending a few trips to the Yellow River" is touching, "Going to Yueyang Tower and looking at Junshan in the rain" depicts the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and "Qingming" entrusts the world with life. And the poetic style is far from interesting, it is indeed a masterpiece. His unique poetic personality is also reflected in his poems' profound conception, meticulous organization, unreasonable conclusion, unexpected, concise syntax, exquisite wording and alarming. For example, "A glass of wine in the spring breeze of peaches and plums, ten years in Yi Deng after a rainy night", "Fish swim to realize the purity, birds talk into Zen" and so on. Huang Tingjian developed the strange sentences and methods of Han Yu and Du Fu, and strengthened the momentum of poetry with abnormal tone and syntactic changes. For example, "the wine boat returns from the fishing net, and the flowers fall, so the stream is as deep as a pole", "I love it very much. Don't send cows to grind horns, cows can grind horns. " In the valley, these poetic techniques, which were born by avoiding familiarity, were surprisingly renovated, which corrected the familiarity and slipperiness of the late Tang Dynasty and Quincy and formed a thin, hard and steep style. The theme of Lao Piao Shenxiong's poems. Fang called it "a unique style of writing, a unique style of writing." However, due to the excessive pursuit of strangeness, it is inevitable to have the disadvantages of being obscure and stubborn.

Ju Ran

China was a painter and monk in the Southern Tang and Northern Song Dynasties. Original name unknown, date of birth and death unknown. Zhong Ling (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) and Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) were born. In his early years, he became a monk at Kaiyuan Temple in Jiangning. After the death of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, Li Yu came to Kaifeng and lived in Kaibao Temple. He is good at landscapes, studies under Dong Yuan and specializes in painting landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River. Most of the peaks he painted are alum heads, and there are many pebbles in the foothills of the forest. They are covered by sparse grass and narrow-diameter dangerous bridge huts, which have gained wildness and tranquility and are deeply loved by literati. Painting long hair on rocks and graceful brushwork is a direct masterpiece of Dong Yuan's painting style, also known as Dong Ju, which has great influence on the development of landscape painting in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and even in modern times. The pictures of Wan He and Song Feng, Twain in Qiushan and Shan Jutu have been handed down from generation to generation.

outer city wall

China Northern Song Dynasty painter and painting theorist. The word Chunfu. The year of birth and death is unknown, and it was active in Song Shenzong period. He Yang was born in wen county (now wen county, Henan). He was good at landscapes, taught himself at first, and later studied under Li Cheng. He was inspired and made great progress in brushwork. Providing paintings to the court was appreciated by Zhao Yong of Song Shenzong. He was awarded the Academy Art Award, and later he was promoted to be a writer. Responsible for the assessment of painters and the appraisal of palace paintings. Painting landscapes pays attention to the in-depth observation of life, and can truly, meticulously and subtly express the characteristics of different regions, seasons and climates. He can get "the distance is different, the four seasons are different, and the wind and rain are bright and dark", creating an extremely rich and beautiful artistic conception. In addition, he is also good at shadow sculpture, piling up relief landscapes on the wall with mud, which is unique. Guo Xiyou has been handed down from generation to generation, including Early Spring Map, Guanshan Chun Xue Map, Nested Stone Plain Map, Valley Map and Ancient Tree Mountain Map. Among them, "Early Spring Map" successfully shows the detailed seasonal changes of winter leaving and spring coming, the earth reviving and everything waking up. Guo has also made great achievements in painting theory, and his theory is embodied in Lin Zhi. Zi is also good at painting, pommel horse and landscape.

Jiang Kui (about 1 155 ~ about 122 1)

China was a writer and musician in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word Yao Zhang, known as the white stone Taoist. Raozhou Poyang (now Poyang, Jiangxi) people. Household cloth. He wandered between Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and made friends with poets and poets such as Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Xin Qiji. Jiang Kui is versatile, good at calligraphy and proficient in temperament. Gong Shi is famous for his words. Known as the sage of Ci, it is as famous as Xin Qiji and Wu Wenying in the Southern Song Dynasty. His ci poems are rich in content, including singing about current events, reminiscing about the past, narrating feelings, describing people as soon as possible, and singing things, such as Yangzhou Slow, Huaizuo Du Ming, Tanchun Slow, Declining Grass and Worrying Smoke, Changting Slow Complaining, and Blowing Gradually, as well as the handed down Dimfragrance, Jiang Ci is elegant, elegant, simple and remote, concise and elegant. With its cool and vigorous brushwork, it created a school of Ci that caters to both refined and popular tastes, that is, the metrical school, which also influenced Shi Dazu and Wu Wenying. He has 65,438+07 self-annotated works, which are valuable materials for studying the music of Song pronouns. Qin Qu Gu Yuan is a collection of lyrics and songs, which can be played with fingers and fingers.

Plum (1040 ~ 1 106)

China Northern Song Dynasty painter. When the word "Bo" is used, it is called "Longmian layman". Shucheng (now Shucheng, Anhui) people. He used to be the secretariat of Zhongshumen, the secretariat of Yushitai and the official of the court. After resigning due to illness, he lived in seclusion in Tongcheng Longmian Mountain Villa. Li read widely, wrote rich poems and had Jian 'an style. Gong calligraphy won the charm of Jin and Song people; Jia Fu collects ancient paintings and calligraphy, is good at appreciation, and is a highly cultivated literati painter. He is good at explaining Taoism, figures, pommel horses, palaces, landscapes, flowers and birds, and is also good at copying. His paintings were first studied by Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei, Zhang Sengyou and Wu Daozi, and later widely studied by famous artists. He learned the lesson from the past and thought he had mastered it. He developed and perfected the past sketch (draft), making it an independent art form with high generalization and expressive force-sketch. He attaches great importance to the observation and experience of objective images, and the characters he painted can successfully show the characteristics of different regions, nationalities and strata, each with its own demeanor and outstanding personality. Painting Taoist explanatory figures, depicting Guanyin and Vimalakīrti as adult girls and real literati, further secularizing religious painting. In Wei Yan, there are five horse pictures, grazing pictures, Vimalakirti statues (biography), and exemption pictures (biography).

Huang (1269 ~ 1354) was a painter in Yuan Dynasty. Word length, number peak, big idiot, etc. Changshu is an upright man. His surname is Lu and his first name is Jane. Because his parents died when he was a child, he was adopted by Yongjiahuang who lives in Changshu Mountain and changed his name. Smart since childhood, after fine painting and calligraphy, good at Sanqu. Yan Xu, a low-cost visiting envoy from western Zhejiang, and Lv Zhang, an official of Pingzhang yamen in Zhongshu Province, have all been framed and imprisoned. He joined Quanzhen Sect and traveled to Hangzhou, Songjiang, Suzhou and other places to sell hexagrams. In his later years, Yushan and Fuchunjian devoted themselves to landscape painting and sketching, created a light crimson coloring method, and became their own family, and their paintings were highly respected by the world. Later generations, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng were also called "Yuan Sijia", ranking first. He is the author of painting theory "Writing Landscape Tactics" and so on.

Painters in Yuan Dynasty:

Wang Meng (? ~ 1385)

China painter in Yuan Dynasty. Word Shu Ming,No. Huang Heshan firewood, Xiangguang laity. Xing Wu (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) people. Zhao Meng? Sun Tzu, once a small official, abandoned his official in seclusion at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to avoid chaos. In the early Ming Dynasty, he served as the magistrate of Tai 'an. He went to prison for the Hu case and died in prison. His works include poetry and calligraphy, and he is especially good at painting and fine landscape. In his early years, he studied under Zhao Mengfu, and then he interacted with Huang and Ni Zan. He studied Dong Yuan and Ju Ran assiduously, and was able to learn from nature and form his own style. Painting with cursive brushwork of official script, the landscape painted is good at using dry pen and ink, painting rocks to make Niu Maocun, and chopping with Jie Suocun and axe; The composition is dense and full, with more than ten layers of rocks and dozens of trees, but it is complex and not crowded, with rich layers and strong sense of space, which successfully shows the moist feeling of Jiangnan landscape. The artistic conception is profound and beautiful, and the picture is profound and colorful. There are seclusion in Qingbian, studying in Chunshan, Shan Jutu in summer, high hidden map in Xiashan, and migration map of Gezhichuan handed down from generation to generation.

Zhenwu (1280 ~ 1354)

China painter in Yuan Dynasty. Word, plum blossom Taoist, plum blossom, etc. Jiaxing, Zhejiang. I read the classics and history, dabbled in Buddhism and Taoism, served as an official all my life, and entertained myself with poetry and calligraphy. He was good at cursive script, studied under Huai Su and Yang Ningshi, and "Fishing Hidden Map in Qiu Jiang" became its own. Good at landscapes and ink bamboo. However, the landscape masters Dong Yuan and Ju Ran have changed. Most of their works are about fishermen and hermits, and the rocks are painted with long ponytails and thick ink moss. The ink is thick and moist, with rich varieties, quiet artistic conception and heavy style. Ink bamboo takes France and Gao as raw materials. It is thick and polished, vigorous and calm, bold and heroic, and has a unique style. Zhenwu's landscape paintings had a great influence on Ming and Qing paintings, and were listed as Yuan Sijia in the history of painting. There are books handed down from ancient times, such as Double Trees, Fisherman's Map, Qiu Jiang Fishing Hidden Map and Bamboo Manual. His poems and essays were edited by later generations as Ink of the Taoist Mei and Draft of Meihua Temple.

Ni Zan (130 1 ~ 1374)

China was a painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty. Formerly known as Zhen, Zizhen, Yunlin, alias Fantasy Xia Sheng, Jing Manmin, etc. Changzhou Wuxi (now Meili Town, Wuxi, Jiangsu) is a native of Meili Zhituo Village. Born in a rich family in Jiangnan, he believes in Taoism. At the end of the yuan dynasty, in order to avoid war and run out of money, he hid in three branches of five lakes and sent calligraphy and painting. He is withdrawn, unsociable and a neat freak. The world calls him Ni Yu. Good at landscapes, bamboo stones, dead wood, etc. And his landscape teachers Dong Yuan, Hao Jing, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, etc. have all developed, and their paintings are unpretentious and their styles are naive and quiet. Most of the works draw mountains and rivers around Taihu Lake, with plain composition and simple scenery, mostly sparse slopes and shallow water. Using a pen to change the center to the side, folding and drawing stones, the pen and ink are dry, elegant and rambling, the artistic conception is desolate and lonely, and the style is simple and detached. Mo Zhu Xiao Shuang Qing Li. On painting, the author advocates expressing subjective feelings, and thinks that painting should show the author's "escape from the chest without seeking form", saying that "the so-called servant painter is just unintentional, not seeking form, and chatting to entertain himself." His painting practice and theoretical viewpoints had a great influence on literati painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties and enjoyed a high reputation. His painting history is equal to that of Huang, Zhenwu and Wang Meng. Calligraphy, good at regular script, beautiful and elegant ancient light, Wei Jin people style. There are water bamboo residence map, over-the-knee lent map, fishing village Qiu Ji map, mountain gull map, quiet stream cold pine map, beautiful trees in autumn pavilion, strange rocks and bamboo trees handed down from generation to generation.

Wang Yi (about 1333 ~? )

China painter in Yuan Dynasty. If you think about it, you will be stupid. My ancestral home is Zhou Mu (now Jiande, Zhejiang) and I live in Hangzhou. Versatile, good at painting, especially portrait painting, studied under Gu Kui. Portraits painted by people have both form and spirit, and can express people's personality characteristics. He wrote The Secret of Portrait, which is divided into three parts: painting, painting ancient tricks, and summing up personal creative experience with Jiugongge. He advocates that when painting a portrait, the appearance and temperament of the painted object can be fully expressed by observing the shape and color of the object while talking and laughing, remembering it in your mind, and then closing your eyes to recall it. There is the Little Elephant of Yangzhuxi handed down from generation to generation (Ni Zan is filled with turquoise background).

Wang Mian (1287 ~ 1359)

China was a painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty. People stamps, boiled stones, plum blossom homeowners, etc. Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people. Born in a peasant family, he herded cattle when he was young and studied painting after work. He was keen on fame and fortune when he was young. He was ruined many times in Sun Shan, so he gave up his official career and wandered the Jianghu. He is good at bamboo stone seal cutting, especially at Mo Mei. He studied Zhong Ren and Yang Wu and developed them. Plum branches are vigorous, flowers are sparse or dense, and calyx is scattered. The flowers in the early spring picture of Nanzhi are ink and wash, and the plum blossom has a strong charm. There are Mumeitu and Early Spring Map of Nanzhi handed down from generation to generation, and there is Plum Book to explain the theory of painting plums. He is also good at poetry, showing the sufferings of people's lives, exposing the corruption and arrogance of powerful people, pursuing lofty ideals and not going with the flow. Four volumes of Zhu Zhai's poetry, with 1 volume attached.

Tangdi (1296 ~ 1364)

China painter in Yuan Dynasty. The word Hanako, the evening number Dunzhai. Xing Wu (now from Huzhou, Zhejiang). He once worshipped the imperial court with paintings, and served as Zhao Mo in Jiaxing Road, Yin in Xiuning County, and Wujiang House. Good at mountains and rivers, with Zhao Meng? Learning to draw, and learning from Li Cheng and Guo, has changed. The works are based on activities such as farmers and fishermen, and are full of life. The stone frost forest in the painting is undulating, vigorous and concise, delicate and light, and the figures in the painting are meticulous and vivid. There are two pictures handed down from ancient times, namely, frost and pus return fishing, snow-capped mountain fishing, floating orchid warm vegetables and tree-lined drinking.

Cao (1272 ~ 1355)

China painter in Yuan Dynasty. The word Xuan, named Yunxi, is from Mr. Wang and Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). He used to be an Oracle in Kunshan, then resigned and lived in seclusion, reading Confucian classics and being good at Taoism. For the rich in the south of the Yangtze River, the manor is spacious, luxurious and quiet, and they like to make friends with literati and celebrities, and their homes are rich in collections. Good landscape, learning from Li Cheng and Guo, soft and thin rocks, less rendering. His pen and ink in his early years were beautiful, and his painting style in his later years was unpretentious. There are handed down "Cold Forest Map", "Hidden Cave Map of Sparse Forest" and "Snow Hill Map of Qunfeng".

Painters in Ming Dynasty:

Lan ying (1585 ~)

China painter in Ming Dynasty. Word, real name Lian, real name Dong Nong. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. He paints for a living. He is good at landscapes. He studied under Huang, then under Guo, Guo, Xia Gui, Shen Zhou and Mi Fei, and his skill is profound. I have traveled all over the country. His paintings are pale crimson, with refreshing brushwork, great momentum and beautiful painting style; Or for turquoise, for boneless method, write rocks and trees in stone color, without sketching, and the colors are rich and dazzling. I can also paint, work and write, which is quite interesting. Lan Ying had a great influence in the late Ming Dynasty. He is the founder of Wulin School, and some people call him Zhejiang School. There are Qiushan Mangrove Map, Jianggao Dialect Ancient Map and Baiyun Mangrove Map handed down from generation to generation. Zihe is also good at painting.

Dai Jin (1388 ~ 1462)

China painter in Ming Dynasty. Founder of Zhejiang School. The word Jinwen is named Jing 'an and Yuquan Mountain. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Born into a painter's family, he worked as an apprentice in a gold and silver jewelry store as a teenager. Later, I switched to painting, studied hard and made great progress in painting. During the reign of Xuande, he was jealous of his superb painting skills and was dismissed. After wandering the rivers and lakes, he made a living by selling paintings. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. Landscape painting, based on materials from Song and Yuan Dynasties, is vigorous in brushwork and vigorous in ink and wash, which has developed the traditions of Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. The figure painter follows the tradition of Tang and Song Dynasties, which is both meticulous and freehand. Meticulous brushwork includes iron line drawing and orchid leaf painting, freehand brushwork comes from Ma Yuan, and the pen and ink are concise. Flower-and-bird painting is freehand and boneless. Dai Jin's paintings had a great influence at that time, and many followers, known as Zhejiang School, became the mainstream of painting in the early Ming Dynasty. There are three paintings that have been handed down to this day, namely, Spring Mountain with Vegetables, Wind and Rain in Gui Zhoutu, Three Visits to the Cottage, Dharma in the Six Dynasties for Huineng, Nanping Elegant Collection, Returning to the Field for Birthday, Kwai Stone Butterfly and Three Lus. Dai Quan, Dai Shi and Wang are all good at painting. They can spread their methods.

Chen Hongshou (1599 ~ 1652)

China painter in Ming Dynasty. The word Zhang Hou, no, is Lao Lian. Zhuji (now Zhuji, Zhejiang)

) people. Proud and stubborn, he was a Guo-zi-jian diploma in Chongzhen, and was called into the Imperial Palace to offer sacrifices. After the death of the Ming dynasty, the Qing soldiers became monks in eastern Zhejiang, regretting their old age. Good at poetry and calligraphy, good at painting. He is good at figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, bamboo stones and so on. , and is famous for its meticulous characters. His characters learn from Lan Ying and Li, but they can change and develop. The figure's trunk is majestic, and the clothing lines are thin, strong and round, but the image in his later years is exaggerated, or abnormal and weird, with outstanding personality. Flowers, birds, etc. It is well described, with beautiful colors and rich decorative flavor. You can also draw freehand brushwork flowers in ink and wash, which is hearty. He is also good at creating illustrations for literary works, which can show the spiritual temperament of the original characters. His painting techniques are concise, his colors are calm and subtle, and his style is simple. He is quite famous in the painting world in the late Ming Dynasty, and he is also known as South Cui with Cui Zizhong in the north. There are woodcut illustrations handed down from generation to generation, such as Lotus and Mandarin Duck, Sheng 'an Zanhua, Baby Play, Nine Songs, Water Margin Leaves, The West Chamber, Bo Gu Leaves, etc. He is the author of "Collection of Baoluntang", "Avoiding Grass" and "Interpretation of Instruments".

Wen Zhiming (1470 ~ 1559)

China was a painter, calligrapher and writer in Ming Dynasty. After the initial name is finished, the word line is followed, and the word center is added, and the number is Hengshan layman. Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Born in an official family, he studied poetry and calligraphy in his early years and studied under Wu Kuan, Li Yingzhen and Shen Zhou. After middle age, at the age of 20, he was recommended to take an exam in imperial academy and was awarded a letter. After four years, he resigned and returned to his hometown to entertain himself with poetry, painting and calligraphy. He is good at painting landscapes, figures, flowers and orchids, especially landscapes. His landscape teachers are Shen Zhou, Dong Yuan and Zhao Meng. Wang Meng and Zhenwu painted many landscapes in Wuzhong, mainly showing the life theme of literati. In his early years, his works were mainly meticulous, but after middle age, he accumulated a lot of money, but fine brushwork was his main feature. His paintings are peaceful and quiet, with distinct composition, delicate and subtle brushwork, vigorous and elegant, naive and bookish, which embodies the aesthetic taste of literati. Characters learn from Li, with delicate pen and elegant and simple style. Flowers, birds and orchids are vigorous and elegant. His calligraphy is good at seal script, official script, regular script, regular script and cursive script, especially fine script and regular script. He used French, Jin, Tang and Song masters for reference, and his calligraphy style was elegant and elegant. With Zhu Yunming and Wang Chong, they are also called Wuzhong three schools. Wen Zhiming's painting works include: Stack of Yanhe River, Lady Xiang Jun, Lin Xie Fried Tea, Huishan Tea Party, Spring in the South of the Yangtze River, Cold Spring of Ancient Trees, Appreciation of Zhai Zhen, Xiqiao Sajia, Ancient Trees Sparse, Spring in Gannan and so on.

Tang Yin (1470 ~ 1523)

China was a painter and writer in the Ming Dynasty. Zi, Bohu, No.6 and other laymen, the owner of the Peach Blossom Temple, claimed to be the first romantic talent in Jiangnan. Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Born in a vendor's family, he was eager to study when he was young. When he was young, he should be blessed with wealth to save his life. Later, he went to Beijing for an exam. He went to prison for fraud. After he got out of prison, he voted for Ning Wang Zhu. But he found that Zhu had the intention of rebellion, so he ran away and returned to Suzhou. Since then, I have never given up my career, concentrating on painting and calligraphy, indulging in appearance and unrestrained temperament. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Chen Zhou in his early years, and then by Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and rivers with a small axe, majestic and steep, but with fine brushwork, dense layout and elegant and handsome style. Figure paintings are mostly ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant. Besides painting, Tang Yin also studied calligraphy and Zhao Meng? The style of this book is strange and handsome. There are some paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding a Donkey to Home, Singing in the Mountain Road, Mingming, Uncle Wang's Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduanju, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Qiuci Cuan.

Shen Zhou (1427 ~ 1509)

China painter in Ming Dynasty. The word Qinan is from Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). I have never been an official in my life, and I am generous. I enjoy a high reputation in writing poetry, calligraphy and painting. Born in a scholarly family, my great-grandfather befriended Wang Meng, and my father and uncle were both literati painters. He studied painting since childhood and was good at landscapes, flowers, birds and figures, especially landscapes. In his early years, he was awarded landscapes, mainly under Wang Meng. His works are full of scale and smallness, and his brushwork is good. After middle age, he turned to Huang and other schools in the Song Dynasty, and his works began to be exhibited, with vigorous brushwork and considerable bone strength. In his later years, he was fascinated by Zhenwu, whose brushwork was rough and simple, vigorous and powerful, beautiful and elegant, and his artistic conception was quiet and distant. At the same time, he emphasized the organic combination of poetry and books, which enriched and developed the brushwork and pen and ink interest of literati painting. His works paint landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River, and pay attention to learning from nature. Its flowers and birds are realistic in image, concise and rich in pen and ink, and simple in painting style. Shen Zhou's paintings had a great influence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He created the Wu Gate in painting and was listed as one of the Ming Sijia by later generations. Handed down from generation to generation are Lushan Mountain High Map, Imitation of Dongju Landscape, Dongzhuang Map and Cangzhou Interesting Map. He is the author of Hakka Wen (Lost) and Shi Tian Ji.

Chou Ying

China painter in Ming Dynasty. People from Taicang, Jiangsu. One said that he was born in the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494) and died in the fortieth year of Jiajing (156 1) or before the twelfth lunar month of the thirty-first year of Jiajing; Yi Shuo was born in the eighteenth year of Chenghua (1482) and died in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559). Live in Suzhou. Born in poverty, he started as a painter, then switched to painting, studied under Chen Zhou at the beginning, and made friends with literati painters such as Zhu Yunming and Tang Yin, which played a great role in improving his literary accomplishment and painting skills. He also painted in Xiang Jia, a collector, visited the famous calligraphy paintings collected by Xiang Jia, copied them, devoted himself to research, and eventually became a generation of famous artists. Chou Ying is good at figures, landscapes, animals and boundary paintings, and he is also good at copying, all of which are superb. Its landscape is imitating Zhao Boju and Zhao Bosu, with green landscape, rock outline, fine dyeing, richness and elegance, and grand and complex realm. Figure painting can be divided into fine and rough. The former adopts the method of Tang and Song Dynasties, with smooth lines, round strength, fine appearance, accurate modeling and elegant colors. The latter studied under Ma Yuan, Du Jin and Wei Wu, with vigorous brushwork, simple modeling and bold painting style. As a painter, Chou Ying stepped into the picture of "Blowing a flute to attract a phoenix" and strived to improve his cultural quality. His paintings not only have the advantages of professional painters' exquisite skills and accurate modeling, but also have the advantages of literati painters' seclusion, beauty and elegance, which truly appeals to both refined and popular tastes. Later generations called him a Ming thinker with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and regarded him as a representative of Wu. There are Taoyuan Wonderland Map, Jiange Map, Lianxi Fishing Hidden Map, Imitation Map, Star Ruiying Map, Character Story Map, Hunting and Riding Map, Right Army Book Fan Map, Liu Xia Sleeping in Qin Map, as well as the handed down flute playing to attract phoenix.