In the early parliamentary elections of 19 13, the Kuomintang won 392 seats in the Senate and the House of Representatives and became the majority party in Congress. According to the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang will organize a responsible cabinet with the majority status, and its acting chairman Song will be appointed as the Prime Minister of the cabinet, thus becoming the biggest political enemy of President Yuan Shikai's monopolization of power. Yuan Shikai courted Song with 500,000 yuan and was rejected. 193 1 In the spring of, Song arrived in Shanghai via Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu, and delivered a speech along the way, criticizing current politics and opposing Yuan Shikai's autocratic proposition of establishing a responsible cabinet and formulating a democratic constitution, which made Yuan Shikai greatly jealous. 1965438+On March 20th, 2003, Song was shot by an assassin sent by Yuan Shikai at Shanghai Railway Station and died on the 22nd. After the incident, Yuan Shikai made a false order to "investigate the owner's name" and "strictly abide by the law". On 23rd, Wu Shiying, the murderer, and Ying Kuicheng, his accomplice, were captured in the British and French Concessions, and a batch of conclusive evidence was found to prove that Yuan Shikai was the mastermind of the assassination of Song, and his minions Zhao Bingjun and Hong Shuzu were the direct planners. When the truth came out, the whole country was furious. Song (1882- 19 13). China was a democratic revolution in modern times. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was mainly the Kuomintang. Start with the word, fisherman. People from Taoyuan, Hunan. 1In the spring of 904, Huang Xing and others founded Huaxing Hui in Changsha as vice president. In June of the same year165438+1October, he participated in the planning of the Huaxing Club and launched an armed uprising in Changsha on the birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, and fled to Japan, first to Tokyo University of Political Science and Law and then to Waseda University. /kloc-0 joined the league in August, 1905, and served as the attorney general of the Ministry of Justice. In July, 19 1 1, together with Chen and others. , organize the Central Committee of the Youth League to serve as the general affairs officer. After Wuchang Uprising, he went to Wuhan to assist the Hubei military government in handling foreign affairs. 19 12 1 Director of Legal Affairs Bureau of Nanjing Provisional Government. In March, he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Forestry of Tang Cabinet. Later, the cabinet members of the alliance resigned together. Jiao Ren in Song Dynasty was in favor of appointing Yuan Shikai as interim president, but advocated western parliamentary politics and party cabinet system to limit Yuan Shikai's power. 19 12 In August, with the support of Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, the United League, the United Party and the Democratic Progressive Association merged into the Kuomintang as directors and acting chairmen.

Taoan

1 91265438+1October1,the Republic of China was proclaimed. Only 13 days from here, Tao, the founding father of the Guangfu Association in19/1,was assassinated in Shanghai Guangci Hospital. When the news came out, the Chinese people were all dumbfounded. The main messenger of the Tao case is Chen, one of the main leaders of the League and commander-in-chief of the Shanghai Army. The main murderer is his brother Chiang Kai-shek. After the incident, Chen covered up the crime, Chiang Kai-shek fled, and the Tao case was dropped. In the interview just now, the Tao case has passed, but its origin, right and wrong, history has its own public opinion.

A false misunderstanding

Tao (1878- 19 12) was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. When I was a child, I received a good old-fashioned education. Later, I received some new books, and my thoughts gradually became radical. I began to sprout the idea of overthrowing the Manchu rule and saving the motherland from peril. He is one of the leaders of the Guangfu Association and is responsible for contacting party organizations in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces. He has extensive contact with the lower classes, often wears hemp rope around his waist and sandals, and travels hundreds of miles a day to run for the revolution. He trusted Lu Xun very much and often went to Lu Xun's apartment to talk about revolution. When he got up, he often talked and laughed, telling Lu Xun where he was going to "move" and "move" soon. He organized armed uprisings many times and enjoyed a high reputation and influence among revolutionaries. 1In August, 905, on the basis of the Zhong Xing Society, the Huaxing Society and the Guangfu Society, the China League was announced and became a unified Japanese bourgeois political party. However, the League is still an unorganized organization, and sectarian ideas and opinions are still full of it, which seriously endangers the overall situation of the revolution. 1908, Tao went to Nanyang twice to publicize the revolution and asked Sun Yat-sen to help raise money from overseas Chinese. Sun Yat-sen had no support because of the economic panic in Nanyang. As a result, he had a misunderstanding and dissatisfaction with Sun Yat-sen and began to spread Sun Yat-sen's remarks about embezzling huge sums of overseas Chinese. Encouraged by Zhang Taiyan, he split the Guangfu Association from the League, which had a very bad influence on the revolution. However, in the general revolutionary goal of overthrowing the Qing dynasty by force, Tao He and Guangfu Association always kept consistent with Sun Yat-sen and the League. By the Revolution of 1911, all revolutionary parties were fighting against each other to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, and sectarian strife was no longer the main contradiction. Tao also realized the harm of sectarianism. In July, Sun Yat-sen compared Wu Pingyi with Zhang Taiyan. He said: "Tao Jun is trusted, but party member, Tokyo (referring to the League, the author's note), has doubts because of its proximity to inflammation. If they give it, they don't believe it has different wishes. On talent, Tao is better than Zhang. "

Resentment turned into hostility.

Chen (1877- 19 16), from Wuxing, Zhejiang. One of the main members of the alliance. 1908, he returned to Shanghai on orders from Sun Yat-sen, and made contact with revolutionaries in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing and Tianjin. When he lived in Shanghai, as the leader of green gang, he frequented casinos and brothels. Tao Zhangcheng hated this and complained repeatedly. What's more, he reprimanded Chen in front of Sun Yat-sen and advised him to quit gambling and whoring so as not to lose his revolutionary qualities. Chen thinks that Tao deliberately insulted him, so he is jealous and jealous. When Shanghai was restored to the motherland, Tao's contribution was no less than Chen's. 1911165438+1On October 24th, People's Daily reported that Tao "organized a 500-person death squad ... for the first time, he captured Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau and bombed Shanghai Daobu and Zhejiang Fubu, which were great achievements of the group. After the recovery of Shanghai, Chen was promoted to the position of Commander-in-Chief of Shanghai green gang relying on Huzhou Gang. However, many people in the revolutionary party are not convinced of Chen and think that the post of commander-in-chief of the Shanghai Army belongs to Tao. Chen's commander-in-chief of the Shanghai army hasn't sat hot yet, so he carefully transferred to the post of commander-in-chief of Zhejiang. At that time, Tang Shouqian, commander-in-chief of Zhejiang Province, was appointed as the chief of transportation, and Zhang Taiyan, Tao and Chen were candidates for commander-in-chief. Zhejiang gentry have called to urge Tao to take charge of Zhejiang. Tao has no intention of being commander-in-chief of Zhejiang. When Zhejiang sent someone to ask for his advice, he said that anyone can have wisdom and talent, except Chen. After the recovery of Shanghai, the military system in the south of the Yangtze River was established, and Tao was still cruising in Shanghai. He chose Minhang, and used the recovered funds to recruit and train soldiers, which put a certain pressure on Chen Zao. All these old grievances and new enmities deepened the contradiction between them. Chen gnashed his teeth and hated Tao. He was determined to cut off this male to avoid future trouble.

The jackal who plays the tiger-helping the bad guys to do evil.

191/kloc-0 10 On October 30th, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Shanghai from Japan and joined Chen as the head of the 5th regiment of the Shanghai Army. His eldest brother and teacher Huang Bian commanded the 2nd division of the Shanghai Army. Chen, Huang and Jiang, three brothers of the League, are interdependent in Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek has always been very good to Chen. 1in the spring of 908, after traveling in Japan, he was introduced by Chen to join the League. 19 10 May, introduced by Chen, received by Sun Yat-sen alone. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek regarded Chen as a mentor. Although they are brothers of the League that changed Lanpu, Chiang Kai-shek never took the liberty of calling them big brothers, but always called them Mr. ... He obeyed Chen's orders and his leadership. During the Revolution of 1911, he was far away in Japan and did not make any meritorious deeds. After being recalled to Shanghai, he took part in the battle to recover Hangzhou, but he was still a nobody in the revolutionary party. Hot-blooded, he often can't sleep at night because of his unfulfilled ambitions and talents that are difficult to display. When Chen gave him a secret mission to assassinate Tao, he generously agreed, thinking that it was a godsend opportunity, which could not only make contributions, but also make revolutionaries sit up and take notice and repay Meng Dage's kindness in meeting him. However, it is impossible for one person to perform such a confidential task. It is necessary to have a ruthless person with high martial arts as an assistant, so as to add strength to the tiger and succeed. He soon remembered his old friend, Wang Zhuqing, a traitor of the Guangfu Association. This man used to be a robber in Taihu Lake, a sharpshooter, who can fly over eaves and walk over walls. Although he was a member of Guangfu, he did not change his old habits and often exchanged secrets in meetings in exchange for money. Tao was extremely annoyed at this and called him a "beggar" who "eats inside and picks outside, and pigs and dogs are not as good as". After receiving this information, Chiang Kai-shek found Wang Zhuqing, threatened and blackmailed him, and spread Tao's remarks of severe punishment as soon as possible. I think Tiexin should kill Tao first to save himself.

Looking for whereabouts

Tao is not an idle generation, and there was a rumor that Chen wanted him. In order to prevent accidents, he lives in seclusion and his whereabouts are uncertain. He avoided the Currie Hotel in Shanghai, the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Guangfu Association of Jiangxi Road and the Zhonghui Hotel, and then transferred to his father Guangci Hospital in the French Concession for medical treatment. 19 1265438+1October12 at midnight, the north wind rolled snowflakes and flew all over the sky, and the weather was particularly cold. In the past few days, Chiang Kai-shek has been exhausted in searching for Tao's whereabouts. He curled up in the soft seat of the carriage and dozed off as if he were sleeping. When the car passed through Fuzhou Road, the oncoming wind rolled up the thick curtain of the car, and the swirling snowflakes sprinkled on Chiang Kai-shek's face and neck. He woke up from the cold war coma and opened his eyes, only to accidentally see Tao Zhangcheng hiding in the snow under the eaves of the roadside. He was overjoyed and stopped the car. When it didn't stop, he jumped out of the car, stepped forward and greeted Tao Zhangcheng politely. Tao pretends to be a revolutionary elder, and Chiang Kai-shek is obedient to him, respectful and cautious everywhere. Therefore, Tao Zhangcheng didn't mind. They are like friends who meet after a long separation, asking each other questions and chatting very speculatively. That night, Chiang Kai-shek sent Tao back to Guangci Hospital in a carriage and remembered Tao's ward number. The next day, he brought a gift, and in the name of a visit, he inspected the ward environment and access route of Tao Zhangcheng.

A shocking bloody case

In the early morning of 65438+ 10/4, the ground was white and the night was cold. Guangci Hospital has dim lights and quiet gardens. Along the wall, two people wearing Qi Mei felt hats sneaked into the corridor on the second floor and found Room 205 along the door. One of them, learning the tone of a nurse, gently knocked on the door and said, "Mr. Tao, it's time to take medicine." Tao was sleeping soundly, and when he heard someone calling, he replied "uh-huh, uh-huh" in a daze. Hardly had he opened the door when he received a gunshot and fell to the ground sadly. The crisp sound of gunfire pierced the cold night sky. Suddenly, the whole hospital was in an uproar. When the nurse came in a hurry, the murderer had already disappeared, and Tao was dead in a pool of blood. The next day, People's Daily reported: "... at about 2 o'clock last night, the public was staying in Guangci Hospital. Suddenly, two people called Mr. Tao and leaned out from the public. They immediately took out their pistols and hit the public in the temple ..." These two people were Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Zhuqing. After Tao was killed, the whole country was shocked, especially the revolutionaries. At the grand memorial service held in Shanghai, many people made speeches one after another, which meant tragic and intense. Someone said bitterly, "Tao Gong died not because of traitors or personal grievances, but because of those who fought for power and profit. If anyone later uses private interests to hurt the public, he should kill him with a pistol. " As he spoke, he threw his pistol at the box, which was quite intense. When Tao's ashes were welcomed back to Hangzhou, a memorial meeting was held in Hangzhou. As many as ten thousand people attended the meeting. They were furious and demanded that the murderer be severely punished.

Draw a conclusion without a conclusion

When Sun Yat-sen heard the news, he was very angry. He publicly announced to the press that this was a bloody case of "revenge for personal gain" and "vendetta". Sun Yat-sen is an open-minded revolutionary. Although Tao Zhangcheng had opposed him before his death, he had different opinions from him. But Sun Yat-sen put aside the past and deeply regretted his murder. He immediately sent a message of condolence, saying, "Tao Jun has spared no effort to carry out the movement for more than ten years with the purpose of revolution. On the occasion of the recovery, Tao Jun made great contributions and suffered a tragic accident, which can be a pity for the future of our Republic! Don't let violations run rampant. " He ordered: "Strictly investigate and quickly arrest the murderer, let the murderer be arrested, and let his crimes be exposed to vent the anger of the world." The Governor of Zhejiang offered a reward of 3000 yuan for catching the murderer. Chen, commander-in-chief of the Shanghai Army, had to put on a show and offered a reward of 1000 yuan to catch the murderer. A few days later, Wang Zhuqing was arrested and executed soon. Chiang Kai-shek was nervous, and Chen was afraid of the truth, so he had to let Chiang Kai-shek take refuge in Japan temporarily. 1965438+In February 2002, Chiang Kai-shek went to Japan again in the name of studying abroad. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were many domestic political factions and fierce competition around the distribution of power. Under this political background, the investigation of the Tao case is naturally perfunctory and evasive.

confuse right and wrong

Chiang Kai-shek has always held a grudge against this period of history. 1935, his "son of heaven's protege" wrote to President Jiang. 1937, his former teacher Mao Sicheng wrote about Mr. Chiang Kai-shek in the 15th year of the Republic of China. Although they all described the case of Tao's murder, they confused and falsified history in the book, saying that Chiang Kai-shek assassinated Tao purely because Tao ignored the overall situation of the revolution and wanted to assassinate Chen. Chiang Kai-shek didn't want to do it, so he had to do it first. This despicable terrorist act was described by them as "the overall situation of the Israeli revolution" and "one of Chiang Kai-shek's important revolutionary history". Since the Republic of China, everything has to be done, and people want it. The Qing court in the north was under great pressure, and the new revolutionary regime was still in its infancy. If the revolutionary party is so hostile, it will not lead to chaos within the revolutionary camp. What killed Tao's "overall situation of security revolution" is sheer nonsense. In the history of the Republic of China, Shi, Wen Yiduo and others were assassinated, and General Yang Hucheng's family was secretly killed. It is the continuation and development of the historical tragedy of the Tao case, and the inevitable trajectory of the vicious development of Chiang Kai-shek's suppression of revolution, democracy, exclusion of dissidents and autocracy.

Liao case

1On August 20th, 925, Liao, the left-wing leader of the Kuomintang, was assassinated. Liao is a radical bourgeois democratic revolutionist in China, a banner of the left wing of the Kuomintang, Sun Yat-sen's right-hand man and a close friend of China. The most brilliant achievement of Liao's life was to actively assist Sun Yat-sen in reorganizing the Kuomintang, and to determine and implement the three major policies of alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party and agriculture and industry.

In order to safeguard Sun Yat-sen's three major policies, Liao was not afraid of any threats and waged an uncompromising struggle with the Kuomintang Rightists.

1 July, 9251day, after the establishment of the Guangzhou National Government, Liao was appointed as a member of the government, minister of finance and standing member of the Military Commission. In addition, he also served as the party representative of Whampoa Military Academy, becoming the core of the left and the mainstay of the revolutionary regime after the death of Sun Yat-sen. Therefore, he has also become the target of hatred and concentrated attacks by imperialism, the landlord comprador class and the Kuomintang Rightists. Since July 1925, some right-wingers, instigated by imperialism, have held many meetings and plotted to assassinate Liao. After breakfast on August 20th, Mrs Liao and his wife He Xiangning drove to the KMT Central Executive Committee to attend the regular meeting. When the car arrived at the gate of the party department, it was suddenly shot by counter-revolutionaries lying in ambush nearby. She was shot several times and died on the spot.

Liao's sacrifice is the loss of China revolution and the loss of workers and peasants. When the news came out, the workers and peasants were extremely sad. "Many workers shed tears and lamented." China * * * * spoke highly of Liao. Zhou Enlai personally wrote elegies such as Don't Forget Party Revenge, Shaji Massacre and Death of Party Representative, pointing out that Liao was "the successor of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary wishes" and was "brave and brave" in the revolutionary struggle.