Yuan Taizong ten years (1238), Zhang Rou was forty-nine years old and was born in Zhang Hongfan. Being exiled by the ruler for four years, he can't be said to be a subject of the ruler. He has eight brothers and two younger brothers. His starling is Zhang Honglve who later inherited the title of ten thousand households. Hao Jing is Zhang Rou's long-term tutor for his children, and Zhang Hongfan is also one of Hao Jing's disciples. Influenced by his father, brother and mentor, Zhang Hongfan grew into an all-round young general.
Yuan Xianzong has been in Mongo for six years (1256), and Zhang Hongfan is 20 years old and has grown up. He is seven feet long and outstanding in appearance. At that time, it was a fashion for men to grow beards as adults. Zhang Hongfan, with a long beard and a brush across his chest, is handsome and handsome. He is not only an expert in riding and shooting, but also famous for being good at horse dancing (that is, the ancient weapon spear). He is eloquent, good at coping, and his poems are also very distinctive.
The whole army counterattacked Yuan Xianzong Mengge for six years (1256), and his brother Zhang Honglve was appointed as the general manager of Shuntian Road. Zhang Hongfan was left as an agent after reporting to Khan's official residence in Mongolia, which provided him with an excellent opportunity to show his administrative ability. He is determined to reform the atmosphere and strictly rectify discipline. At that time, the Mongolian army was poorly disciplined and harassed in every way. Zhang Hongfan said: "The country must have a legal system, and there are prohibitions, and illegal acts are not allowed. Anyone who does not obey the law will be brought to justice. " In this way, many Mongolian soldiers who violated military discipline were punished, and many people were beaten with sticks. Since then, the Mongolian army has been completely clean and refreshed.
In the first year of unification (1260), Kublai Khan inherited the Mongol khanate and changed to unification. At this time, Zhang Hongfan was 24 years old and was appointed as the director of the Royal Bureau. In the third year of China's reunification (1262), Li Chao, one of Shandong warlords, defected, and Zhang Hongfan followed Prince Borjijijinhebi to Jinan to crusade against Li Chao. Kublai Khan ordered Zhang Ruan and Zhang Hongfan to visit Dadu (now Beijing) in person, and then appointed Zhang Hongfan as the general manager of the March. This position is equivalent to a column commander. In the counter-insurgency March, he did not avoid difficulties and obstacles, made outstanding achievements repeatedly, and became a highly valued young general of Kublai Khan. He is strict with himself, honest and clean, and handles his daily work fairly and reasonably, with rewards and punishments. Be honest, not complaining. Sick soldiers must visit in person and receive treatment. If you die unfortunately, you must send the bones back to your hometown. The superior has a reward, which must be distributed to the people; Those who have won the meritorious military service but have not been rewarded must ask Chen Dai to say that they are not allowed to ask for it. These seemingly ordinary behaviors are heartfelt persistence, which has won the love and trust of many soldiers and gradually gained high prestige. After Li Chao's rebellion was pacified, Yuan Ting thought that Li Chao had the strength of local soldiers and people, so he was able to rebel, so he discussed the dismissal of powerful Shi Hou, and Zhang Hongfan was dismissed.
Following sai-jo to the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264), Zhang Hongfan's myna Zhang Honglve was transferred to the capital as a night guard (called Qixue in Mongolian, it was the guard who took turns guarding Khan, and later developed into the core of the bureaucratic class in Yuan Dynasty). Now, Kublai Khan specially selected Zhang Hongfan to take over Zhang Honglve's job, handed him the gold himself, and officially appointed him as the manager of Shuntian Road. Wearing the golden tiger charm was a special honor and a symbol of privilege at that time. Since then, he has become an emerging star among the young nobles of the imperial court.
In the second year of Zhiyuan (1265), he was transferred from Shuntianfu to Daming. Before taking office, he put on casual clothes and looked around at the sufferings of the people. The people complained bitterly when they found that the rent collectors had illegally sent more people. So the first thing he did after taking office was to punish those who illegally closed the warehouse. Thanks to these measures, it quickly won the support of the people. That year coincided with the flood, and he decided to waive all rents in the disaster area without asking. The department in charge of finance and taxation thinks that he has committed the crime of monopoly and should be punished. To this end, he asked to go to Dadu to directly sue the emperor. After seeing Kublai Khan, Kublai Khan asked him, "What do you have to complain about?" He said: "I thought the country kept grain in small warehouses. Might as well exist in big warehouse. Because of the flood, ordinary people can't afford food. If we must seize the grain from the farmers, the small warehouse of * * * will certainly get rich, but the people will die. Next year, we won't get a grain! First, let the people live, and then there will be gains every year, and every family will have surplus food. Farmers have surplus grain, aren't they all national grain? This is what I call big warehouse! " Kublai Khan nodded and praised him for knowing the truth of governing the country, so he stopped pursuing his monopoly crime.
From the Southern Expedition to the Yuan Dynasty (1269), the Song and Yuan Dynasties were fighting for Xiangyang. The troops besieged by the Yuan Army in Xiangyang are mostly the old army of Li Tan, which was adapted after the counter-insurgency, and is famous for its bravery, ruthlessness, arrogance and unruly. Yuan * * * is worried that it is difficult to find an existing ability. We also need a general with morale to command this team. It happened that someone mentioned Zhang Hongfan's name, and Kublai immediately thought that this was the person he wanted to choose! Immediately appointed him as Yidu, Zilai and other road marchers. The commander-in-chief of the Song Dynasty was Prime Minister Bo Yan. Zhang Hongfan suggested to Bo Yan that the route for providing grain in Xiangyang should be cut off first. Bo Yan adopted this suggestion and sent Zhang Hongfan to guard Wanshan route for providing foodstuff. In an encounter, he won an unexpected victory by winning more with less, and Bo Yan had a further understanding of Zhang Hongfan's talents.
In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1), Bo Yan listened to Zhang Hongfan's plan and decided to gradually narrow the encirclement of Xiangyang. Zhang Hongfan then built a strong barrier between Xiangyang and Fancheng-"One Word City". "One word city" cut the Xiangfan military defense zone, which was originally a whole, into two parts. In this way, the encirclement further approached Fancheng. In the second year, when attacking Fancheng, Zhang Hongfan was shot in the elbow. He bandaged the wound and immediately went to the base camp to meet the commander-in-chief, proposing that a navy division cut off Fancheng's rescue. At the same time, in terms of attack strategy, it is suggested to attack Fancheng by land and water. As long as Fancheng is captured, Xiangyang will have no danger to defend. With the approval of the commander-in-chief, he immediately organized a new attack. He took the lead, swooped down in turn, and soon won Fancheng. Fan Tianshun, commander-in-chief of Fancheng in Song Dynasty, died in battle, and Niu Fu led hundreds of soldiers in street fighting. After his defeat, he went into battle. This is an extremely difficult battle. Fancheng broke through the encirclement, and Xiangyang Prefecture raised a white flag to surrender. From the fourth year of Zhiyuan (1267) to the ninth year of Zhiyuan (1272), the battle of Xiangfan lasted for six years and ended successfully. This is a crucial battle between Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the Yuan Army conquered Xiangyang, Daimon Masaru opened in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its collapse was a foregone conclusion. Zhang Hongfan went to see Kublai Khan with the exploits of Xiangfan Campaign and the fallen general Lu, and won the honor of "giving brocade, platinum and treasure saddle". His men were also rewarded.
In the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1274), Kublai Khan ordered Bo Yan to start a new offensive in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bo Yan suited up and attacked Huaixi and Huaidong together, pointing to Yangzhou; Led by him, he was appointed as a striker. The main force of this Yuan Army is Ali Haig, and Zhang Hongfan belongs to Ali Haig Corps. They descended from Xiangyang along the Hanshui River, headed east and west (now Zhongxiang, Hubei), and attacked Wujibao in the south, ready to go straight to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou).
In the 12th year (1275), Jia Sidao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, had to go out to supervise the division in Wuhu and send Song Jing to the Yuan Army's base camp to make peace. I hope I will lose my money and become a vassal, just like the secret agreement in the first year of Ding Jing. This was rejected by Bo Yan. At this time, Jia Sidao had to order Sun Huchen, the commander-in-chief in front of the temple, to lead 70 thousand infantry to Ding Jiazhou in Chizhou (now Guichi, Anhui). Xia Gui, commander-in-chief of the Boat Division (Water Army), led 2,500 warships to cross the river, and then led his troops to Lugang (now southwest of Wuhu, Anhui). Bo Yan ordered Zhang Hongfan and his men to ride on the shore, take advantage of the land advantage, form a siege, and bombard Sun Huchen's army with battleship ju pao. Sun Jun was heartbroken and fled to Lugang. After Xia Guiwen's defeat, he also gave up his command and fled hastily. In this battle, the main forces of the land and water armies in the Southern Song Dynasty were completely annihilated, and Zhang Hongfan's ministers drove to Jiankang (now Nanjing).
After Yuan Army entered Jiankang, Prime Minister Bo Yan decided to rest in Jiankang. At the armed forces conference attended by the generals, the gold in stock was taken out and distributed to the generals. People here, Zhang Hongfan arrived late. Bo Yan's face fell and he said sullenly, "According to the customary law handed down by our ancestors, anyone who is late for a military rally is guilty!" Even those who are closely related to the nobility and are famous for their bravery and talent are not allowed to forgive. Don't even know this rule and dare to be late! "Everyone present broke out in a cold sweat for Zhang Hongfan's fault. Zhang Hongfan, on the other hand, said unhurriedly: "I think a military assembly refers to an assembly on the battlefield. I have never been late for a war. Today's party is to accept awards. Dare not compare before the reward. Why not? Prime Minister Bo Yan was moved by his words, and his cold face became cheerful again, nodding his head. His words are sharp, he dispels doubts and doubts, and his language is wonderful. It is conceivable to give this example. Behind this short story, we can vaguely see that the essence of his dispute with Bo Yan is the confrontation between Mongolian customary law and Confucian ethics in the Central Plains. It is a routine work consciously or unconsciously for Zhang Hongfan and his son to influence Mongolian aristocrats with the cultural traditions of the Central Plains.
After the Yuan Army captured Jiankang, Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, was in danger, and Song Ting had to call in Qin Wang. However, only a few people, such as Zhang Shijie and Wen Tianxiang, responded to the call of the King of Qin. Considering the military situation, Zhang Hongfan thinks that bamboo should be used to master fighters and can't wait any longer. After consulting with Bo Yan, Bo Yan agreed with him and ordered him to go to Kublai Khan's post station with the fastest means of transportation at that time-the fast horses and Mercedes-Benz of Mongolian post station. Kublai Khan decided to continue the pursuit. After Zhang Hongfan returned to the defense, the fierce battle began.
In July of the same year, the battle between Zhang Hongfan and Zhang Shijie, Sun Huchen and others led by the water army-the battle of Jiaoshan was the decisive first world war. At that time, Commander Asu assembled thousands of warships in Guazhou, Atahai and Dong Wenbing assembled tens of thousands of warships in Xijindu Privy Council, and Zhao Qing, Tommy, Zhang Shijie and Taizhou Sun Huchen in the Southern Song Dynasty were ordered to show warships in the north and south of Jiao Shan. Asu sent Zhang Hongfan and other Israeli warships to the west to plunder pearl sand. Asu and Atta Hayden went to Shigong Mountain on the south bank, and ordered Liu Chen, the dependents of the water army, to follow Jiang Nanan. Dong Wenbing bypassed the defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty and arrived at the southern foot of Jiao Shan, echoing Liu and Yuan Army from a distance. Every household suddenly attacked the middle road. Zhang Hongfan joined forces from the upper reaches in the north of Jiao Shan. In this World War I, the Southern Song Dynasty was completely defeated in Jiao Shan. Zhang Hongfan led the army to Pu Shandong (now the northeast of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). This was the last large-scale Song-cutting campaign of the Yuan Army before the fall of Lin 'an. Due to the contribution of this campaign, Kublai Khan gave him the honorary title of "Eight Doors" (Mongolian meaning warrior) and gave him millions of family members instead.
In October of the 12th year of Zhiyuan (1275), Zhang Hongfan moved troops back to Korea, and the court arranged many celebrations. Kublai Khan hosted a banquet in the Inner Hall to welcome Zhang Hongfan and comfort his triumph, which was the climax of this series of celebrations. However, because he didn't adapt to the climate, water and soil environment in the south, he got malaria again and fell ill soon after returning to Dadu. Kublai Khan was very concerned about Zhang Hongfan, so he ordered the physician to take care of him, and made it a rule to report Zhang Hongfan's illness every day, and asked the valet to send an export letter to the physician, saying, "I have important military matters, and I am waiting to discuss them with Jiubadou. I must do my best to treat him and make him recover as soon as possible." He also ordered the guards to sit at the gate of Zhang Hongfan, and said to the visitors, "Jiubadou is seriously ill, and the emperor has an imperial decree that all unnecessary interference with patients is forbidden except his closest relatives and medical staff."
In the 13th year (1276), in the first month, Song Ting sent imperial clan Zhao and Zhao Jifu to the Yuan Army base camp for peace. In the demotion, uncle and nephew is commensurate. It was said that Zhang Hongfan, Meng Qi, and others were led into Lin 'an by the surrender of the watch, and Song was blamed for breaking his promise. Zhang Hongfan and others finally persuaded Song Ting to obtain a statement that the King of Song was renamed a servant and humiliated and demanded surrender. In March, in Lin 'an, Master Song, Zhao Xian (Emperor Gong) and the entire empress dowager were escorted to Dadu. Although the emperor and the empress dowager surrendered, the people were not all willing to be subjects of the Yuan Dynasty, and there was a rebellion in eastern Zhejiang. According to Mongolian custom, they surrendered and rebelled, killed envoys and burned surrender books, just to massacre the city. Zhang Hongfan's conscience does not allow him to implement the customary law of Mongolian massacre. He only killed a few people, and under their leadership, he ended the case and finally saved the life of a city.
In the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), the Yuan army won a great victory, and Zhang Hongfan was promoted to general in Zhenguo, and was appointed as the ambassador of Jiangdong. At this time, Zhang Hongfan was forty-one years old and was already a second-class official among Wu Zhi officials.
In April of the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and other small emperors, Zhao Yun, were forced to flee to Guangzhou and died on Dongzhou Island (now the last island in leizhou bay, Guangdong). In order to persist in the struggle, they also set up Zhao Min, the King of Guang, in the cliff mountain of Xinhui Sea in Guangdong Province. Change yuan into good luck. Yuan Ting appointed Zhang Hongfan as Marshal of the Mongolian Han Army and went to attack the exiled court.
In the 16th year of Zhiyuan (1279), in the first month, Yuan organized a water army to attack Yashan on a large scale. As a prisoner of war, Wen Tianxiang was also placed under house arrest on the Yuan Army ship. On the way, Wen Tianxiang wrote a poem "Crossing the Zero Ocean". Zhang Hongfan just came to ask Wen Tianxiang to write a surrender letter to Zhang Shijie, so he conveniently wrote the poem above and gave it to Zhang Hongfan as a reply. After reading it, Zhang Hongfan was awed by his sympathy for his suffering. Although Zhang Hongfan and Wen Tianxiang are politically antagonistic, he respects and admires Wen Tianxiang's personality. When the subordinates advised him: "The enemy prime minister has ulterior motives and should not be close." At that time, Zhang Hongfan said with a smile: "He is a loyal and honest man, and there will never be anything else."
In February, after the Yuan Dynasty water army under the command of Zhang Hongfan arrived at the cliff mountain, he sent Zhang Shijie's nephew Han Mou to Zhang Shijie army to surrender three times, but Zhang Shijie refused to lure him in. Zhang Hongfan made a tight deployment surrounded by all sides and launched a general attack. His aim is to destroy the effective force of Song Jun, and to destroy it at one stroke, so as not to let it escape again. On the morning of the sixth day of February, under the cover of artillery stones and rockets, the main force of the Song fleet was inserted. After the Yuan army jumped on the Song boat, the short soldiers confronted each other, giving full play to the strengths of the Northern Army, and the Song Party was defeated. Zhang Shijie rushed out of the tight encirclement and prepared to gather old employees; Look for Zhao Zongshi's descendants and find ways to recover. Yuan's fleet chased the ocean, but failed to catch up. Unfortunately, in a big storm, after the boat capsized, all the people on board drowned at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain.
After his death from his later years to the seventeenth year of Yuan Dynasty (1280), Zhang Hongfan became seriously ill. He himself realized that he would not be well, and asked to go back to his original room from the ward and gather his relatives and guests to say goodbye one by one. In the same year 10, he had the Fang Jian and armor given to him by Kublai Khan when he went south, and he held his son Zhang Jue's hand and gave it to him carefully. And said: "I use this sword and armor to make contributions to national reunification. When you put on your sword and armor, don't forget your father's contribution! " After that, he sat up and died at the age of 43. Yuan Tingxian Yin Lu doctor, flat chapter for the table.
In the fourth year (13 1 1), he was awarded the title of hero, Tai Shi, Kaifu Unified Third Division, Shang Zhuguo and Qi Guogong, who were loyal to the martial arts. After six years' delay (13 19), he made contributions to Jiabao, conferred the title of King Huaiyang, and sacrificed his martial arts.
The main military achievement is that Zhang Hongfan is resourceful and good at cutting through thorns. Since the age of 20, he assisted his brother Zhang Honglve in charge of Shuntian Road (governing Baoding today). In the first year of China and Mongolia (1260), he served as the general manager of the Royal Bureau. In the third year of Zhong Tong (1262), he served as the general manager of the March. From He Bichi, Wang Zong, to Ji 'nan to quell Li Cong's rebellion, he began to show his talents. In the first year of Zhiyuan (1264), he served as the general manager of Shuntiandao, and then moved to Daming (now northeast of Daming, Hebei). In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (1269), he took part in the battle of Xiangfan as Yidu and Zilai Road marched thousands of households. First, he guarded Lumen Fort to cut off the grain and grass supply of the Song State and help the soldiers. He also built a strategy to isolate Xiang and Fan, led more than a thousand people to defend Wanshan (Xiangfan West), and commanded to defeat the Song reinforcements. In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), a plan was made to cut off the connection between Xiangfan and Fancheng, and to break Fancheng first, then take Xiangyang, and divide and rule it, which was adopted by Du Nan Marshal Asu. When attacking Fancheng, the best soldiers with injury rate boarded first, and cooperated with the general to conquer the city at the beginning of the following year, with outstanding achievements.
In the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), he led the left army to attack the Song Dynasty from the right prime minister Bo Yan, and went down the Han River, just to the west of Yunzhou (now Zhongxiang, Hubei) and Wu Ke Castle. He succeeded as a pioneer, skillfully crossed the Yangtze River, led the cavalry eastward along the south bank, and cooperated with the navy to defeat Song Jun in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and Dingjiazhou (now northeast of Tongling, Anhui). In the spring of the 12th year of Zhiyuan (1275), he followed Bo Yan to occupy Jiankang (now Nanjing). After Asupingzhang entered Guazhou (now Yizheng East, Jiangsu), he rode across the Yangtze River at the rate of 13, breaking Song Jun Daying. Then the army attacked, defeated Jiang Cai's 20,000 troops in Song Dynasty, isolated Yangzhou, and stopped Song Jun's aid to South. In July, he led the navy to participate in the battle of Jiao Shan, and all the armies cooperated closely, defeating Song Jun, winning more than 700 warships and rewarding Bozhou households and eight fighters. After that, Dong Wenbing, who participated in politics, led the water army into the sea along the left river. The following year, outside Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), he joined forces with Zhonglu and Right Road, forcing Song Ting to surrender. In the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), he served as marshal of Mongolian army and Han army, commanded 20,000 water troops, and went south from Yangzhou to Fujian and Guangdong to pursue the rest of the Southern Song Dynasty. Pretending to be alert to the enemy, they took advantage of it and successively pulled out Sanjiang Village (now the northeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) and Zhangzhou, and sent troops to attack Song Jun in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong Province) and captured Song Youcheng and Wen Tianxiang alive. In the spring of 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Marshal Kaidu commanded the Battle of Cliff Mountain, cut off the Song waterway, attacked from both sides, and destroyed the remnants of Song Army with fire.
Poem Zhang Hongfan wrote "Huai Yang Ji", with 20 poems 120, with more than 30 words. In the preface, Xu said, "Elegant and beautiful, graceful and graceful in style, which is inferior to those who are quoted", and the ci collection is also called Huaiyang Yuefu. The ancient and modern Ci Hua was rated as "the style is not less than Yan Xiaoshan" and it is also a work song, so it was included in the ghost book and the positive and negative spectrum.
Character evaluation Song Lian: Real people take six dragons from heaven. I will condemn octupole and attack it in groups. The shock wave rushed up and eclipsed the sun, the moon and the stars. Song people were disrespectful and left the country. The emperor ordered Zhang Wang to be your teacher and general. You pull Fan Xiang, you cross the river. You lift the banner of justice and make it surrender. The king was ordered to mount his horse. Birds fight falcons, and it is very powerful to have a husband. Take the broadsword straight, and everyone will not dare to taste it. Wang Ying stabbed him. His hand should be broken. The soul of the army is growing, and it is loud and clear. If the enemy has a dead hand, he will take advantage of his territory. The legacy has not stopped and the situation is still strong. The emperor strengthened the king's power and ordered me to collect taxes. The sword is famous, and the tin ware is excellent. After a rush, the sea mirror was flat. The cliffs are green and the martial arts are good.
Deng Guangjian: "According to the saddle, the world is all-powerful and prosperous." The vast earth is a miracle of the past and present. "
Ke Shaowen: Hong Fan died in the Battle of Cliff Mountain, and there was no reward.
Personal work "Huai Yang Ji"
Lyrics "Magnolia, Slow Topic, Hardware Pass, Bozhou"
Magnolia slowly explored the south.
Magnolia slowness
Magnolia slowness
Manjianghong Xiangyang sent friends to Shuntian.
Linjiang county
Huanxisha
In the song, Lu Xichun came to "Partridge Sky".
Guangdong tune Jing Tian Shamei Shaoyue
An epitaph in memory of Zhang Hongfan was unearthed in Dingxing County, Baoding City in the early years. First put it in Yixian mosque, and then moved to Huimin primary school next to the mosque. 1984 was collected by Yixian Museum in March. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1280), it was established on April 1st. Li Xi wrote Dan and Li Chu wrote Seal. Qin de, stonemason, printing and engraving. The epitaph is white marble, and the cover has been lost. The stone is 0.97 long, 0.84 wide and 0. 15 m thick. The first title of the article is: "General Zhenguo, Ambassador Jiangdong, Marshal of Mongolian Han Army and Epitaph of Zhang Gong are in the same order". 57 lines, full of 50 words, full text of 2440 words, font for regular script.
The epitaph records the plot that he captured Wen Tianxiang, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, alive in the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), and also describes in detail the war process that he led the Yuan army to "destroy Xiangfan and Han" until "take Fujian and Pingyi South". All these are of reference value for studying the history of song and yuan war.
Anecdotal allusions People know the name "Zhang Hongfan", mostly due to a joke widely circulated among the people. Your brother, Zhang, was a striker and captured Wen Tianxiang alive in Wupoling, Guangzhou. The following year, Cliff Mountain defeated the Zhang Shijie Army in the Southern Song Dynasty and carved twelve characters on the stone wall. Later, a scholar added the word "Song" in front of his seven words, and it became. The spring and autumn brushwork is self-evident. In this way, Zhang Hongfan is bringing shame to himself.
"Historical Records" records "Yuan history, volume 156, biography 43"
"New Yuan History" Volume 139 "Biography" Article 36